共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 7 毫秒
1.
玉树Ms7.1级地震甘达村段构造地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究地震对断层带气体逸出的影响和震后气体地球化学特征随时间的变化,以及地震动力学特征,利用土壤气地球化学方法,于2010年4月14日青海玉树Ms7.1级地震断层甘达村段测量地表破裂特征和震后断层气氡和汞浓度,发现断层带土壤的气氡和汞浓度的平均值分别为9246 Bq/m3和4.2 ng/m3。破裂带中Rn浓度变化幅度大,而Hg的浓度变化较小。断层主滑面附近Rn浓度相对降低,为地表破裂后断层气逃逸所致。泉水气氡观测发现,震前氡浓度增高,表明地震断层活动性增强。因此巴颜喀拉地块向东不均匀挤压,使深部气体沿地震断裂逃逸至地表,这也是造成断层带气氡、汞浓度的增高的原因。 相似文献
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本文开展汶川地震断裂带科学钻探现场流体研究,探讨了泥浆添加剂产生的化学反应以及钻孔中岩性变化引起的流体异常特征,并在排除这些影响因素的情况下,讨论地震期间流体的异常。研究表明在WFSD-4S钻进期间发生的两次较大地震前均伴有Rn、Ar、N2和O2等气体异常现象,其中氡的日均值均超出背景值的2.5倍。根据岩心观察得到WFSD-4S钻井地区主断层约在1084 m,而在断层之上931 m处开始出现了大量气体的高值异常,该异常可能是由于地震孕育过程中地下气体的运移通道被打开造成气体向上迁移,使断层气体的响应特征提前发生。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,(4)
综述了近几年国内外有关流体地球化学异常与地震活动、土壤气监测断裂构造活动与火山喷发以及深部流体地球化学研究方面的成果。多项研究表明,地下气体的映震能力较高,研究断层土壤气地球化学特征随时间的变化,可进一步研究地震动力学特征,从而为震情判定提供依据。因此加强断层土壤气测量来监测断裂活动,是探索地震前兆与地震预测的重要途径,是今后地震地下流体的研究方向。深部流体是地球各大圈层相互作用中最活跃因素,对地球深部构造活动起重要作用,可为地震预报提供有力依据。因此对其地球化学特征及运移机制的研究应给予充分重视。 相似文献
4.
土壤氡浓度日变化影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地表壤氡可以反映地下深部的水文、地质、矿产、热源等信息,但土壤氡浓度有年变和日变的特点。为了研究土壤氡浓度日变化规律及其影响因素,采用α能谱测氡仪对土壤氡进行连续测量。结果表明:土壤氡浓度呈单峰型日变化特征,最大值出现在19:00~22:00,最小值出现在11:00~14:00,土壤温度是影响土壤氡浓度的关键因子,土壤氡浓度与土壤温度呈正相关。降雨对土壤氡浓度有显著的影响,降雨后土壤氡浓度出现双峰型日变化特征,其变化与土壤湿度和空气温度等气象因素有关。 相似文献
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中国大陆科学钻探主孔0～2000米流体剖面及流体地球化学研究 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：13
地下深部流体的来源与演化的研究已成为国际地球化学领域的探索前沿和研究热点之一，中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)为开展深部流体地球化学研究提供了珍贵的样品，构建了探索地下流体的研究平台。中给出了中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔He、Ar、N2、O2、H2、CH4、CO2流体地球化学剖面。CCSD主孔CH4浓度的变化与H2浓度的升降没有显相关性；CO2浓度的变化与钻井条件下的氧含量无显相关性；CO2浓度与CH4浓度的关系有三种情况：CO2浓度与CH4浓度不相关、CO2浓度与CH4浓度负相关、或CO2浓度与CH4浓度正相关；氦浓度的增加与CO2和CH4浓度的上升呈现一定的正相关。大气中N2、O2、Ar浓度太高，掩盖了井中N2、O2、Ar气体组分浓度变化，通常情况下N2、O2、Ar浓度变化难以作为深源气体的判据。CCSD流体与KTB流体中氧．氮关系基本一致，氧、氮线性相关(r=0.97)，表明这两种气体主要来源于大气。KTB中的CH4与乙烷、N2表现出非常强的线性关系，而在CCSD流体中CH4与乙烷、N2之间不存在线性相关性。两个地区间的流体成因、围岩相互作用机理等方面可能有所不同。在CCSD主孔中，目前已发现存在大量的CO2，及少量CO、CH4、C2H6、C3H8、C4H10和He、N2等气体。已确定300～2000米主孔出现多处来自于地下的气体异常，包括甲烷和C2～C4等烃类气体，一氧化碳与二氧化碳，稀有气体氦。根据流体各组分间相关性研究，可以判定异常中氧主要来源于大气，N2、Ar和CO2有一部分源于大气，一部分来源于地下。在流体显异常时，甲烷等烃类气体、氦、一氧化碳和绝大部分CO2来源于地下。出现显地下流体异常处，在岩石中存在裂隙、晶洞、破裂面、断层；它们作为流体迁移通道或存储空间，可能是流体存在的必要条件。某些CO2和He气异常与碳酸盐和铀矿石等围岩密切相关。 相似文献
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太湖梅梁湾温室气体(CO2,CH4和N2O)浓度的昼夜变化及其控制因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
营养盐载荷增加、富营养化以及全球增温等对湖泊温室气体的影响目前认识还很有限,原因之一在于对湖泊温室气体产生的动力过程了解不够深入,缺少高时间分辨率的现场观测数据.为了解决这一问题,在富营养的太湖梅梁湾水体,每一小时收集一个样品,直接分析N2O和CH4饱和度、CO2分压(pCO2)以及其他地球化学参数.在7月份的观测中,N2O和CH4显示出显著的昼夜变化规律.相关性分析表明,有机质降解是调节湖泊N2O和CH4变化的重要因素之一.虽然人为活动是控制湖泊温室气体大规模变化的主要因素,但沉积物一水界面的生物地球化学过程对温室气体浓度在短时间尺度上的变化有着重要的影响.研究结果揭示了湖泊温室气体除了受人为活动影响外,湖泊自身的生物地球化学过程也是重要的调控因素之一. 相似文献
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在佳木斯城区地下热水调查中,运用了水中氡活度浓度测量和土壤氡活度浓度测量综合方法,有效地克服了城市地热地质调查中的不利因素。通过对水中氡活度浓度及土壤氡活度浓度测量值的正态化变换以及原始氡活度浓度异常分析,明确了氡活度浓度异常对地下热水控制构造的指示作用。通过对氡活度浓度测量值的趋势分析,提取局部异常,综合各种异常信息,确定了城区地下热水的有利远景区。 相似文献
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喀斯特洞穴氡研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
氡对人体健康的影响向来是医学、化学、核物理学等学科的研究热点。近年来学术界虽然对喀斯特洞穴氡的来源(岩石、地下水)、氡浓度的影响因素(地质因素、洞体结构、洞内外气象参数)、氡浓度的测量(测量对象、测量仪器及方法)、氡的危害、氡的防治(隔离氡气渗入途径、排风通氡、控制洞穴内停留时间减少吸入量、加强监测)等方面开展了研究并取得了不少的成果,但对于喀斯特洞穴氡的形成机理、喀斯特洞穴氡测量标准的制定及有效剂量的估算、喀斯特洞穴氡的防治技术及员工的健康管理等方面的研究还比较薄弱,有待加强。 相似文献
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城市活动断裂带的土壤氡、汞气评价方法 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
活断层的勘探是城市发展中的一项重要任务。根据氡、汞断层气在断层上形成的机制,分析了断层气上氡、汞异常形态特征。根据长春市两条已知断层实例,分析了断层上土壤氡气、汞气异常的特征,可用该特征来确定断层的位置、产状以及推测断层的规模,探讨了盖层的性质对异常形成的影响。它们可为活断层勘探、评价提供有益的参考。 相似文献
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Orientation surveys were conducted over five deposits to test the potential of determining helium in overburden gas as a pathfinder for uranium mineralization and other deposits containing uranium or thorium. Samples were collected via fixed tubes emplaced at depths of 6 m in backfilled holes drilled for this purpose. Compared to the atmospheric background value of 5.24 ppm v/v He, a variable weak anomaly (maximum 5.45–5.65 ppm He) was found over part of the Angela uranium deposit, N.T., in an arid area where mineralization is mostly at a depth of 60–90 m, at or below the water-table. Helium contents were mostly at background levels over a uranium deposit in the Officer Basin, W.A., where mineralization is at the water-table at 30–35 m, although radon gave a marked anomaly. Neither helium nor radon indicated the Manyingee deposit, W.A., which has uranium mineralization in a confined aquifer at 60–110 m. Similarly, no helium anomalies were found over the uranium- and thorium-rich Mt. Weld carbonatite or mineral sands at Eneabba.There appeared to be no correlation between helium distributions shown by groundwater and overburden-gas sampling at Manyingee or Mt. Weld. At Mt. Weld, groundwaters contained 0.06 to 13.60 μ/l He and overburden gases 5.24–5.47 ppm He, with the higher gas concentrations over country rock, where waters had background helium contents. It is presumed that equilibration between overburden gas and the atmosphere is far more rapid than that between overburden gas and groundwater, so that any helium released from the water is quickly dispersed.Overburden-gas helium concentrations were found to vary according to overburden type, being 5.24–5.32 ppm where sandy and porous and 5.30–5.50 ppm where clay-rich and less permeable. These background variations, which are greater than the total background-anomaly contrasts reported in the literature for shallow soil gases, have not been accounted for in most trial surveys, nor has the possibility of similar variations being due to analytical error. From the data obtained, there is little evidence that helium can be considered an effective pathfinder for blind or concealed deposits using soil gas or overburden gas as sample media. Previous work on the use of soil and soil-gas helium determinations in uranium exploration is reviewed in the light of these findings and the concept and techniques assessed. 相似文献
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V. A. Nivin 《Geochemistry International》2009,47(7):672-691
The composition and concentrations of gases disseminated in rocks (and moving through them mainly via diffusion) and characteristics of their release from these rocks were studied in the Khibina and Lovozero massifs in the Kola Peninsula. Similar to fluid inclusions occluded in vacuoles in minerals and unlike local “jet” gas exhalations, diffusively disseminated gases (DDG) ubiquitously occur in the massifs in variable concentrations. Along with predominant methane and hydrogen, subordinate amounts of methane homologues, and helium, DDG most commonly contain carbon dioxide (in higher concentrations than gases in other modes of their occurrence). One of the most important factors controlling the spontaneous release character of diffusively disseminated gases and their proportions of individual components is the geomechanical state of the rocks. It is proved that the distributions of all modes of gas occurrence in the rocks are generally not interrelated, and hence, it is senseless to utilize the contents of occluded and forcibly extracted gases to predict hazardous gas emissions in mines during the development of mineral deposits related to nepheline syenite complexes. 相似文献
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The majority of the world's oil and gas deposits have been discovered by drilling in the vicinity of natural petroleum seeps, and to date the most successful geochemical prospecting methods still rely upon the surface detection of hydrocarbons. Gas chromatographic techniques are now commonly used in the analysis of hydrocarbon gases for prospecting both onshore (analysis of soils and rocks) and offshore (analysis of near-bottom waters and sediments). Detection of helium fluxes has been partially successful as a geochemical prospecting technique. Many indirect techniques such as the determination of isotope and metal-leaching anomalies in surface rocks and the measurement of radon fluxes have not been widely used.Onshore geochemical prospecting appears to have more problems associated with it than offshore prospecting due to the more complex migration mechanism of near-surface waters containing dissolved gases. No onshore prospecting studies have been published which thoroughly consider this factor and the success of onshore prospecting remains equivocal. In offshore prospecting “sniffers” have been used to detect hydrocarbon anomalies in near-bottom waters, and coring equipment has been used for the detection of hydrocarbons in near-surface sediments. Success is claimed using these techniques.Geochemical prospecting methods are complementary to the widely used geophysical methods. Geochemical methods can provide direct evidence for the presence of petroleum accumulations and are relatively cheap and rapid. Failures in prospecting to date are attributable to the simplistic manner in which data have been interpreted; insufficient attention has been paid to the hydrological and geological factors which modify the upward migration of indicator species to the surface. As oil and gas deposits become more difficult to locate, greater attention should be paid to geochemical prospecting techniques, especially as a regional exploration tool. 相似文献
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G. Iovine I. Guagliardi C. Bruno R. Greco A. Tallarico G. Falcone F. Lucà G. Buttafuoco 《Natural Hazards》2018,91(1):193-219
Soil-gas radon concentrations and exhalation rates have generally been observed to be anomalously high along active faults in many parts of the world. The soil-gas method is based on the principle that faults and fractures in rocks are highly permeable pathways along which gases can migrate upward from deep crust and mantle to soil cover, retaining their source signatures. The present study summarizes the influence of fault zones on anomalous radon concentrations in soil by integrated geophysical and geo-structural analyses in three study areas of Central-Northern Calabria (Southern Italy). Soil-gas radon surveys have been carried out by means of an alpha scintillation counting system, at 12,509 locations between 2002 and 2004. A geostatistical approach has been used to estimate the spatial distribution of soil radon concentrations. Relations among soil-gas distribution and geo-structural features have been evaluated by ordinary multi-Gaussian kriging. Highest soil radon concentrations (ca. 90 kBq m?3) have been measured in the Rossanese sector. In the three study areas, no appreciable differences can be noticed among lithotypes, with the highest concentration values (ca. 89 kBq m?3) measured in alluvial deposit and in clay. Measurements of soil-gas radon reveal anomalies clearly connected to the tectonic structures. Increased signals are linearly distributed along regional WNW–ESE trending shear zones, with main pathways of concentration also recognizable along the E–W fault system in the Rossanese sector, the N–S fault system in the Crati Graben and the Catanzaro Trough, and the NE–SW fault system in the Catanzaro Trough. The distribution of epicentres of historical earthquakes occurred between 1184 and 2001 confirms the recent activity of the same fault systems. Soil-gas radon concentrations generally increase, as expected, with decreasing distance to the faults. 相似文献
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Radon in Himalayan springs: a geohydrological control 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This paper presents the results of radon measurements in springs of the Himalayan region by using radon emanometry technique.
The radon was measured in different springs, draining from different geohydrological setups, and from stream water in order
to find the geohydrological control over radon concentration in groundwater emanating in the form of spring. The radon values
were found to vary from 0.4 Bq/l to 887 Bq/l, being observed lowest for a turbulent stream and highest for the spring. The
radon values were recorded highest in the springs draining through gneiss, granite, mylonite, etc. Radon concentrations have
been related with four spring types viz. fracture-joint related spring, fault-lineament related spring, fluvial related spring
and colluvial related spring, showing geohydrological characteristics of the rocks through which they are emanating. The high
radon concentration in fracture-joint and fault-lineament spring is related to increased ratio of rock surface area to water
volume and uranium mineralisation in the shear zones present in the close vicinity of fault and thrust. The low concentration
of radon in fluvial and colluvial springs is possibly because of high transmissivity and turbulent flow within such deposits
leading to natural de-emanation of gases.
Received: 6 January 1998 · Accepted 11 May 1999 相似文献
19.
Guangcai Wang Chenglong Liu Jihua Wang Wuzhou Liu Peiren Zhang 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(1):83-90
Soil gas approaches have been proven useful for detecting buried faults in field survey. How about their applicability in urban area? A trial soil gas survey has been conducted in an attempt to evaluate this in Fuzhou City, Southeastern China. The detection was performed by measuring the adsorbed mercury, free mercury and radon gases in soil in the sites such as crop soil, refilled soil and those with shallow groundwater levels. The resulting distributions show that anomalous concentrations of soil gases over faults are generally two to four times as much as those in the surrounding areas. The locations of peak values of absorbed and free mercury could possibly be applied to assist to determine the trend of faults. The background values of free mercury seems to be more stable and the anomalous zones narrower than those of radon gas, therefore, the free mercury method seems to be good for detection at this area, especially in those sites with shallow groundwater levels. The false gas anomalies may occur in such a site as refilled with external soil, refilled pond and abandoned construction bases. 相似文献