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1.
Xie Ping 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1996,14(3):193-204
The hypertrophic subtropic Donghu Lake's dense water bloom (of mainlyMicrocystis, Anabaena andOscillatoria) that occurred annually from the beginning of the 1970s, has disappeared since 1985. The influence of planktivorous fishes
(silver and bighead carps) on the water bloom was studied for three years using the enclosure method. The enclosures stocked
densely with bighead and/or silver carp were free of water bloom during the experimental period. The water bloom that appeared
in the fish-free enclosures was completely eliminated in 10–20 days by introduction of silver and/or bighead carp(grass carp
was not effective in controlling water bloom). This study showed clearly that grazing pressure by planktivorous fishes is
a key factor in eliminating water bloom from the lake.
This work was supported by FEBL (State Key Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China) funds and by the
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No., 3937014). 相似文献
2.
ImODUonONGrowingconcemovertheprobboofobnoxiouswaterbloornspromPtedagreatdealofresearchintothebiologyofblue-grmalgae(Reynolds&Walsby,l975,Reynothe,l984).PreviousstudiesonMimptiSwereaimedatitSphySinlogicalcharaCteristirsindudinggroWthandbuoyancyraegnolds,l975),0Vendteringandphotosynthesisfea-turesffokamuraetal.,l984,Takamura,l985),nutrientdemandsoprlofTetal.,l952,0kado&Sudo,l979).TherearerepoffethatMicropstiswasawidelydistributalspedesthatcouldeasilybloomWhenambientenvironrnentSweresuit… 相似文献
3.
TheMicrocystis bloom that once disappeared from Donghu Lake, a shallow, eutrophic Chinese lake, was successfully resumed with the use of
the enclosure method. Seston and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics during theMicrocystis bloom were investigated with particular emphasis on the effect of three Chinese domestic fishes (silver carp, bighead carp
and grass carp). The results showed that the change of chlorophyll a obviously related to the fish species and its stocking
density. Due to the release of extracellular ogranic carbon and increased bacterial activity, DOC increased apparently after
silver and bighead carps were introduced. POC/DOC dropped considerably in the enclosures containing silver and bighead carps
and in the surrounding lake water, which implied that the bacterial activity was more pronounced in such ecosystems. Statistical
analysis indicated that the linear relationship between POC and chlorophyll a could reflect the state of algal growth and
nutrient metabolism. It was expected that this study would provide some information on biomanipulation in the shallow, eutrophic
lakes.
This work was supported in part by a Grant-In-Aid from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater
Ecology and Biotechnology (FEBL) affiliated to the Institute of Hydrobiology for the project “Control Ecosystem: An Approach
to Lake Restoration”. 相似文献
4.
1 INTRODUCTION Surface blooms of nuisance cyanobacteria are often a signal of eutrophication (Jacoby et al., 2000). They are generally favored by conditions of low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios, high total phosphorus content, high water temperature, high … 相似文献
5.
In order to clarify whether the planktivorous silver carp and bighead carp can collect phytoplankton as small asCyclotella(<20 μm) in Donghu Lake, studies on phytoplankton in their gut contents and feces were made in 1990. The fish were cultured
in both net cage in Donghu Lake and aquaria with the lake water. Past the intestine, the average valve diameter ofCyclotella changed little. The average ratio of empty frustule ofCyclotella to totalCyclotella in the foregut contents of the fishes were 1.8–1.9 times higher than that in the lake water, but changed little from foregut
to feces. The aquarium experiment showed that both carps could collect particles as small as 8–10 μm, which was obviously
narrower than the distance between their gill rakers. Probably, secretion of mucus plays an important role in collecting such
small particles. 相似文献
6.
Study of the feeding capacity of silver carp and bighead carp by means of experimental ecologyshowed that the filtering frequency of silver carp was slightly greater than that of bighead carp,but thatthe latter's suction volume was much greater than the former's so the filtering rate(filtering frequency mul-tiplied by the suction volume)of silver carp was smaller than that of bighead carp.The filtering efficien-cy of silver carp for phytoplankton was greater than that of bighead carp for them.The removal ratesof silver carp for phytoplankton were greater than those of bighead carp,but for zooplankton the formerwere smaller than the latter.For food particles about 70 μm both removal rates were almost equal.The feeding habits of the two species in natural waters is also discussed in the paper. 相似文献
7.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｉｃｒｏｃｙｓｔｉｓａｅｒｕｇｉｎｏｓａｗａｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｂｌｏｏｍ ｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｉｎＤｏｎｇｈｕＬａｋｅ;ｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｏｎｌｙｓｐｏｒａｄｉｃａｌｌｙｉｎｔｈｅ 1 950ｓ,ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｒａｐｉｄｌｙｉｎｎｕｍｂｅｒｉｎｔｈｅ 1 960ｓ.Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｏｆｔｈｅ 1 970ｓｔｏｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｏｆｔｈｅ 1 980ｓ,ｔｈｉｃｋｌａｙｅｒｏｆｉｔｓｂｌｏｏｍｃｏｖｅｒｅｄｔｈｅｌａｋｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｅｖｅｒｙｓｕｍｍｅｒ,ａｔｔｒａｃｔ ｉｎｇｆｏ… 相似文献
8.
Microcystis bloom, one of the most objectionable characteristics of eutrophication in tropical and subtropical waters, occurred in Donghu Lake (East lake) of Wuhan every summer from the 1970s up to 1984, but from 1985 up to now failed to occur there. The cause of its disappearance rema-ined in obscurity until recently. In situ enclosure experiments in the lake for three years showed that the stocking of the filter-feeding silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) and big-head carp (Aristichthys nobilis ) played a decisive role in eliminating Microcystis bloom from the lake; but that recurrence of the bloom is possible under certain conditions. This paper presents the details and the results of enclosure ex-periments. The authors‘ analysis of fish biomass data obtained by echo-sounding and the fishery produc-tion of the lake over the years, revealed that the recurrence of Microcystis bloom can be prevented so long as the combined biomnss of silver carp and big-head carp remains at or exceeds 50 g per cubic meter of lakewater, as was the case in the lake‘s 1985 fish yield of 1015 t. 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,(3)
Silver carp is one of the most important planktivorous fish in Chinese aquaculture and plays a significant role controlling cyanobacterial blooms. A balanced gut microbiota is crucial for growth and health of the host because of its important roles in immune defense, digestion of complex carbohydrates, and production of enterocytes. In our study, the dominant bacterial and cellulolytic bacterial( Clostridium I, Clostridium III, Clostridium XIVab, and Fibrobacter) communities in the contents and mucus of the silver carp gut(foregut, midgut, and hindgut) were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) analyses. The results revealed that the dominant and cellulolytic bacterial communities were significantly different among gut regions as well as in contents and mucus. Bacterial diversity and richness in contents and mucus increased along the gut and were higher in contents than those in local mucus. A sequence analysis of gut samples exhibited the conservative phylotypes of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. The gut of silver carp harbored an abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, particularly Clostridium XIV ab. The foregut segment had the highest proportions of the four cellulolytic bacteria, followed by the midgut and hindgut. However, the proportions of cellulolytic species in the silver carp gut was much lower than those in the terrestrial vertebrate gastrointestinal tract. We conclude that gut bacteria could help silver carp obtain energy from cyanobacteria, which may be why silver carp can maintain high growth rates during cyanobacterial blooms. 相似文献
10.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(5)
Although intestinal fungi play important roles in host health and disease,the composition and diversity of fungal communities remain poorly reported in fish.In this study,fungi in the fore-,mid-,and hindintestine of tilapia(Oreochromis mossambicus) and bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis) from Hongchaojiang Reservoir in Guangxi,China were investigated by ITS sequencing.Based on this,we obtained 1 763 478 high-quality tags,which clustered into 1 089 operational taxonomic units(OTUs).In total,404 OTUs were annotated,of which 310,68,and 26 belonged to Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and other,respectively.Results show significant differences in the community composition of intestinal fungi between tilapia and bighead carp but not within their different intestinal segments.Furthermore,154 of the 404 annotated OTUs were considered reliable and were classified into three trophic modes and nine guilds.The three trophic modes consisted of 108 OTUs of saprotrophic fungi,41 OTUs of pathotrophic fungi,and five OTUs of symbiotrophic fungi.The top three most abundant OTUs overall(i.e.,Otu000002,Scopulariopsis acremonium; Otu000018,Alternaria palandui; Otu000034,Aureobasidium pullulans) showed lower abundance in the hind-intestinal segments of bighead carp,suggesting uneven distribution of these fungi in this species.In addition,saprotrophic and pathotrophic fungi were markedly decreased in the hindintestine.It is indicated that the fungal community was not only related to host species specificity but also to the respective physiological functions of different intestinal segments.These findings provide valuable information on the composition,structure,and potential function of the intestinal fungi community associated with different intestinal segments in tilapia and bighead carp under natural conditions,thus highlighting the importance of fungi as an integral part of the inte stinal microbiota in maintaining host health. 相似文献
11.
Impact of the Three Gorges Dam on reproduction of four major Chinese carps species in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) are the four major Chinese carps and are commercially important aquaculture species in China. Reproduction of these carp has declined since the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) due to an altered water flow and thermal regime in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. However, details of the changes in reproduction of the four species are not well understood. To assess the impact of the TGD on reproduction of the four carp, we investigated their eggs and larvae at Yidu City, which is 80 km below the TGD, during 2005–2012. We examined diff erences in larval abundance of the four species in the Jianli section (350 km downstream of the TGD) before (1997–2002) and after (2003–2012) construction of the TGD. Based on these observations, the first spawning date of the four species was delayed a mean of about 25 days after the dam was constructed. Mean egg abundance in the Yidu section of the river was 249 million and mean larval abundance was 464 million, which were significant decreases since the 1980s. Moreover, larval abundance in the Jianli section after the dam was constructed was significantly lower than that before construction (ANCOVA, P<0.05). The observed larval abundance accounted for only 24.66% of the predicted value in 2003 when the dam was first inundated. The present spawning grounds between the TGD and Yidu section of the river are very similar to those described in the 1980s, and some spawning grounds exist upstream of the TGD. Large free-flowing stretches upstream of the TGD and the creation of artificially flooded downstream reaches are needed to stimulate spawning and eff ectively conserve these four major Chinese carps species. 相似文献
12.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＰｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｉｓａｋｅｙｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｖｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｐｈｙｔｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎ .Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｂｅ ｃａｕｓｅｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｉｎｃｏａｓｔａｌａｎｄｏｃｅａｎｉｃｗａｔｅｒｓｈａｖｅｂｅ ｃｏｍｅｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ.Ｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｌｏｎｇ ｔｅｒｍｔｏｔｈｅｆ… 相似文献
13.
The temporal and spatial distributions of zooplankton communities in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Xin＇anjiang Reservoir, Zhejiang, China, were investigated monthly, between 2009 and 2010. Silver carp （Hypophthalmichthys moBtrix） and bighead carp （Aristichthys nobilis） dominated the pelagic fish community of this large, deep reservoir. Cladocerans were distributed evenly throughout the reservoir. Rotifers were mainly found in the upper reaches, while copepods tended to assemble in the lower reaches. The Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression were used to identify the major physicochemical gradients influencing community variations. Zooplankton community distributions were influenced by water temperature, dissolved oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon. Excess nutrients, in particular silicon, stimulated rotifer growth. Based on these findings, it is possible to use rotifer density as a bioindicator of eutrophic status in deep reservoir ecosystems. 相似文献
14.
WANG Xichang Yutaka Fukuda CHEN Shunsheng Masahito Yokoyama CHENG Yudong YUAN Chunhong QU Yinghong Morihiko Sakaguchi 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(3):229-233
According to the three-dimensional contour maps showing the gel-forming properties of surimi derived from freshwater fish, 8 species of surimi were classified into two types. The-valley type surimi （silver carp, big-head carp, Chinese snake head and blunt snout bream） shows easy setting, low resistance to gel collapse, high enhancement ability with two-step heating, and narrow optimum heating temperature and time area, which are of the same characteristics as the walleye pollack surimi. In contrast, the Plateau type surimi （tilapia, grass carp, mud carp and common carp） exhibits difficult setting, high resistance to gel collapse, no enhancement ability with two-step heating, and wide optimum heating temperature and time area. There are seasonal changes of gelling properties of silver carp surimi, and the setting ability of surimi gel is higher in winter and lower in summer. The marine fish meat gels and the freshwater fish meat gels have the same acceptability for inland Chinese according to the sensory evaluation results. A slight increase in sensory scorings of kamaboko gels occurred when the extract from walleye pollack muscle was added, especially in the odor scoring of silver carp kamaboko gels. 相似文献
15.
To investigate the effects of flow rate on phytoplankton dynamics and related environment variables,a set of enclosure experiments with different fl ow rates were conducted in an artificial lake. We monitored nutrients,temperature,dissolved oxygen,p H,conductivity,turbidity,chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton levels. The lower biomass in all flowing enclosures showed that flow rate significantly inhibited the growth of phytoplankton. A critical flow rate occurred near 0.06 m/s,which was the lowest relative inhibitory rate. Changes in flow conditions affected algal competition for light,resulting in a dramatic shift in phytoplankton composition,from blue-green algae in still waters to green algae in flowing conditions. These findings indicate that critical flow rate can be useful in developing methods to reduce algal bloom occurrence. However,flow rate significantly enhanced the inter-relationships among environmental variables,in particular by inducing higher water turbidity and vegetative reproduction of periphyton( Spirogyra). These changes were accompanied by a decrease in underwater light intensity,which consequently inhibited the photosynthetic intensity of phytoplankton. These results warn that a universal critical flow rate might not exist,because the effect of flow rate on phytoplankton is interlinked with many other environmental variables. 相似文献
16.
This study on the distribution of phosphate and its relation to phytoplankton biomass in Western Xiamen Harbor using marine
ecosystem enclosures to isolate the culture water from the tidal currents and salinity changes outside indicated that the
phytoplankton biomass variation closely related to dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in the seawater as described by the
equation: [Chl-a]=A×e−B[PO4]. The biomass changes lagged by about two days the corresponding DIP. The research also dealt with the minimal DIP concentration
for stopping diatom bloom and the possible maximal diatom biomass was estimated from the DIP external concentration in the
seawater. The threshold of DIP initiatingSkeletonema costatum red tide was calculated for use as an index to forecast its red tides. In addition, the relationships between a dinoflagellate
red tide and nutrients are discussed. The results showed that the multiplication of dinoflagellate was not entirely dependent
on the nutrients in the seawater.
Project 39570145 supported by the NSFC and Fujian Science Foundation (No. D94010). 相似文献
17.
矿体含银量>100g/t,其它有益组分不及工业品位,称之为单一型银矿床;矿体含银量>80g/t,其它有益组分达到工业品位,称之为共生组合型银矿床。中国银矿床明显受地层层位控制,其主要赋矿地层有:元古界高于庄组、三岔子组、大石桥组、银洞沟组、歪头山组;古生界为泥盆系。其次为寒武—奥陶系和石炭—二叠系;中生—新生界。赋矿岩石建造主要有5种类型:1.碳酸盐岩;2.中酸性火山熔岩或次火山岩;3.含火山物质的沉积岩;4.沉积碎屑岩;5.变质岩。中国银矿床的形成具长期性和多期次性的特点,其主要表现在岩浆活动、区域变质和构造变动等的改造作用。银矿床的分布基本与活动带的分布区相一致。中国层控银矿床共分四大类和二个亚类。 相似文献
18.
广西防城沿海鱼类初步调查有115种,隶属于14目63科91属。软骨鱼类有2目3科4属5种,占总数的4.3％。硬骨鱼类有12目60科87属110种,占总数的95.7％,其中鲈形目鱼类占优势,有68种。暧水性鱼类99种,占总数的86％;暧温性鱼类16种,占总数的14％,无冷温性鱼类。 相似文献
19.
The water quality of Yongding Reservoir was evaluated by using aquatic ecological techniques combinedwith chemical and physical methods.Of the 14 biological,chemical and physical parameters examined inthis study,10,including primary productivity and chlorophyll a.were found to exceed the critical levelsfor eutrophic waters.Most of the indicators and Carlson's Comprehensive Trophic State Index(TST)indi-ces indicated that the water quality of the western side of the reservoir was worse than that of the easternside.Polluted water from the Yongding River was considered a main source of pollutants in the reser-voir,while the farming of carp in net cages also contributed to the low water quality.A comparison ofthe water quality data in 1982 and 1988 indicated that the rate of eutrophication of Yongding Reservoir was alarming. 相似文献
20.
用不同 ｐＨ 的海水对真鲷（Ｐａｇｒｏｓｏｍ ｕｓ ｍ ａｊｏｒ）、平鲷（Ｒｈａｂｄｏｓａｒｇｕｓ ｓａｒｂａ）、黑鲷（Ｓｐａｒｕｓｍ ａｃｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ）和黄鳍鲷（Ｓ．ｌａｔｕｓ）精子进行激活实验。结果表明，四种鲷鱼精子对ｐＨ 的适应范围较广，其最适ｐＨ 值与其生态习性相关。 相似文献