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1.
A regional geochemical and mineralogical study aimed at investigating the mineralization in the western-part of the Walawe Ganga (river) Basin in Sri Lanka is represented in this paper. The river basin is the 3rd largest in the country and has within it a boundary zone between two geologically different crustal blocks, which are marked by granulitic grade rocks and amphibolite grade rocks. Size fractions of stream sediments (< 63 μm; 63–125 μm; 125–177 μm and 177–250 μm) developed on the granulite-grade metamorphic terrain have been analysed at their source for their mineralogical and selected element compositions. Thirty-eight (38) sediment samples and 15 representative probable parent rock samples were chemically analysed giving special emphasis to the High Field Strength trace Elements (HFSE) including the Rare Earth Elements (REE). The granulite grade rocks in the study area is geochemically similar to that of post Archean upper crust. However the stream sediments developed from the high-grade rocks during the intense weathering, are markedly enriched with HFSE and REE. The enrichment of HFSE and LREE is accounted for by the presence of HFSE- and REE- rich accessory mineral phases such as zircon, monazite, apatite, garnet and rutile in the sediments. In some samples, the content of heavy minerals contributes as much as 50 wt. %. These minerals act as a source of elements in the sediments. However, extreme hydraulic sorting of HFSE- and REE-bearing minerals during the sediment deposition cannot be expected within a short distance from near the sources except from a mineralized occurrence. Therefore, the higher enrichment of these elements presumably indicates occurrences of scattered mineral sources such as highly differentiated granites and associated pegmatites within the Walawe Ganga drainage basin. These granitic pegmatites are probably intruded during or soon after the main granulite-facies metamorphic event and similar events are seen in other terrains of East-Gondwana.  相似文献   

2.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(3):339-350
This study on the application of multi-element relationships in stream sediments to mineral exploration in the Walawe Ganga Basin presents one of the first of its kind in Sri Lanka. In order to determine the nature of these sediments, multi-element analysis of selected grain size (<63 μm, 63–125 μm, 125–177 μm and 177–250 μm) fractions was undertaken. The chemical composition of these fractions were compared with those of the upper continental crust.Some elements, notably Zr, Hf, Th, U, Ce and La, show very high enrichment factors (e.g. 54 for Zr) as compared to the upper crustal abundance. These are presumably associated with heavy minerals such as zircon, rutile and monazite found in abundance in the stream sediments of the Walawe Ganga Basin.Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the geochemical data show that multi-element relationships could be effectively used to delineate target areas for mineral exploration. With the use of PCA, this study reveals that areas with associations of calc-silicate/marble and charnockitic rocks are probable source regions for mineral occurrences, particularly in the axial regions of anticlines.  相似文献   

3.
The playas (saline lakes) situated in the Thar Desert, north-west India, provide prominent examples of alkaline brine and varying assemblages of detrital and evaporite mineralogy. The eastern margin of the desert is relatively semi-arid, whereas the central to western region is arid to hyper-arid in nature. Rare earth elements (REEs) systematics in the sediments of nine different playas of the Thar Desert were studied to understand the provenance of the sediments and the intensity of chemical weathering in the region. Based on the REE patterns, fractionation of light REE (LREE) (La/Sm)N and heavy REE (HREE) (Gd/Yb)N, and Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*), the upper continental crust normalised playa sediments are divided into two different groups. The eastern margin playa sediments show homogeneous REE contents, relatively positive Eu anomaly and depleted HREE values, whereas the western arid core playa sediments have highly variable REE contents, relatively negative Eu anomaly and similarly fractioned LREE and HREE patterns. The dissimilarity in the degree of HREE fractionations both in the eastern and western playa sediments is attributed to the differential distribution of minerals, depending upon their resistance to chemical weathering. It is believed that the relatively higher abundance of REE bearing heavy minerals and the presence of higher amounts of evaporites influence the large variation of REE distribution and enriched HREE in the western playa sediments. Apart from the relatively higher abundance of heavy minerals, the presence of rock fragments of variable petrographic character and roundness mirror the lower rock–water interaction in the arid western region. The presence of well-rounded metamorphic rock fragments and minerals, sourced from the eastern margin Aravalli mountains, indicates that the playas of the entire desert get the detrital and dissolved material mainly from the Aravalli mountains. Additionally, the western playas receive sediments from their surrounding Proterozoic and Mesozoic formations. This interpretation is supported by the presence of angular rock fragments of basalt, rhyolite and limestone in the western playas.  相似文献   

4.
《Applied Geochemistry》2004,19(3):261-271
The distribution of Rare Earth Elements (REE) was investigated in the acidic waters (lake and groundwater) of a lignite mining district (Germany). The Fe- and SO4-rich lake water (pH 2.7) displays high REE contents (e.g. La∼70 μg/l, Ce∼160 μg/l) and an enrichment of light REE (LREE) in the NASC normalised pattern. Considering the hydrodynamic model and geochemical data, the lake water composition may be calculated as a mixture of inflowing Quaternary and mining dump groundwaters. The groundwater of the dump aquifer is LREE enriched. Nevertheless, the leachates of dump sediments generally have low REE contents and display flat NASC normalised patterns. However, geochemical differences and REE pattern in undisturbed lignite (LREE enriched pattern and low water soluble REE contents) and the weathered lignite of the dumps (flat REE pattern and high water soluble REE contents) suggest that lignite is probably the main REE source rock for the lake water.  相似文献   

5.
Pramod Singh 《Chemical Geology》2010,269(3-4):220-236
Major, trace and REE compositions of sediments from the upper Ganga River and its tributaries in the Himalaya have been examined to study the weathering in the Himalayan catchment region and to determine the dominant source rocks to the sediments in the Plains. The Ganga River rises in the Higher Himalaya from the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Series (HHCS) bedrocks and traverses over the Lesser Himalayan Series (LHS) and the Himalayan foreland basin (Siwaliks) rocks before entering into the Gangetic Plains. The major element compositions of sediments, reflected in their low CIA values (45.0–54.7), indicate that silicate weathering has not been an important process in the Himalayan catchment region of the Ganga River. Along the entire traverse, from the HHCS through LHS and the Siwaliks, the sediments from the tributaries and the mainstream Ganga River show higher Na2O, K2O, CaO and silica. This, and the higher ratios of La/Sc, Th/Sc and lower ratios of Co/Th, suggest that the source rocks are felsic. The fractionated REE patterns and the significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu? = 0.27–0.53) indicate highly differentiated source. Moreover, the comparison of the sediments with different source rock lithologies from the HHCS and the LHS for their major elements clearly suggests that the HHCS rocks were the dominant source. Further, comparison of their UCC (upper continental crust) normalized REE patterns suggests that, among the various HHCS rocks, the metasediments (para-gneiss and schist) and Cambro-Ordovician granites have formed the major source rocks. The Bhagirathi and Alaknanda River sediments are dominantly derived from metasediments and those in the Mandakini River from Cambro-Ordovician granites. The resulting composition of the sediments of the Ganga River is due to the mixing of sediments supplied by these tributaries after their confluence at Devprayag. No further change in major, trace and rare earth element compositions of the sediments of the Ganga River after Devprayag up to its exit point to the Plains at Haridwar, suggests little contribution of the Lesser Himalayan and Siwalik rocks to the Ganga River sediments.  相似文献   

6.
Rock samples representing various igneous and metamorphic rocks of southern Obudu Plateau were analyzed for rare-earth element ( REE ) behavior by ICP-MS. Results of the analyses indicate a range of REE abundances and distinctive patterns from highly fraetionated patterns with negative Eu anomalies in granitic rocks to relatively low abundances and less REE fractionated flat patterns with little Eu anomaly in some paragneisses, schists, enderbites and dolerites to unfractionated patterns with positive Eu anomalies in some paragneisses and charnockites. Over all, there are low to high ∑ REE contents with negative to positive Eu anomalies. The ratios of different parameters, especially La/Yb and Ce/Yb, show behaviors consistent with crustal to mantle derivation. The heterogeneity of REE abundances and REE patterns reflects mantle to crustal petrogenetic variations of different rock suites on the Plateau. The LREE content is higher than the HREE content in the highly differentiated rocks, as evidenced by their La/Yb,Ce/Yb and La/Sm ratios, which are normally higher in residual products than in primary melts. The dominantly intermediate nature of the source rock of the orthogneisses is suggested by the generally low ∑ REE. The granites enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE and some of the charnockites with negative Eu anomalies were probably formed by partial melting and crystallization.  相似文献   

7.
The sediments from three stratigraphic levels in the Bababudan schist belt of Dharwar craton exhibit great diversity in major, trace and rare earth element (REE) geochemistry and thus interpreted to represent significant compositional variation in the source rocks. Detailed geological and geochemical studies have been carried out on clastic rocks constituting the Archaean Sargur supracrustals and the Bababudan belt of Dharwar craton (DC), southern India for understanding the geochemical characteristics and to define the Archaean-Proterozoic Boundary (APB/QPC) in southern India. There is significant contrast in the geochemical signatures for the sediments from these stratigraphic levles. The Sargur enclave population is characterised by slight LREE enrichment with (La/Sm)N ranging from 1.45 to 3.58, almost flat HREE with (Gd/Yb)N ranging from 0.65 to 1.29 with Eu/Eu* ranging from 0.49 to 0.91 suggesting mafic-ultramafic source rocks in the provenance. On the other hand, the Post QPC (PQPC) rocks are characterised by LREE enrichment with (La/Sm)N ranging from 2.66 to 7.07, nearly flat HREE with (Gd/Yb)N ranging from 0.58 to 0.95 and significant depletion of Eu with Eu/Eu* ranging from 0.34 to 0.85, indicating felsic province in the source area. The conglomerates and quartzites representing the QPC are showing mixed nature of these, reflecting the transitional character in depositional environment. Increase in abundance of REE, K2O/Na2O, Th/Sc, La/Sc, Th/U, Hf/Ta and Zr/Y ratios are characteristic of the QPC. The PQPC sediments are enriched in Th, U and HFSE like Hf, Nb, Zr and Y, and depleted in Co and Eu than their older counterparts. These geochemical signatures signify the dominance of mafic-ultramafic rocks in the source area for Sargur rocks and the existence of granite-granodiorite for PQPC clastics. Thus, the unconformity related oligomictic quartz pebble conglomerates (QPC) and quartzites at the base of Bababudan Group resembling the QPC of Witswaterand, South Africa signifies that a stable continental crust had already developed in southern India prior to ∼3.0Ga.  相似文献   

8.
Rare earth elements (REE) from La to Ho were mobile and enriched in hydrothermally altered rocks below the Archean Phelps Dodge Cu-Zn volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in northwestern Quebec. Largest net enrichment was in the moderately altered quartz-chlorite zone where La concentration increased six-fold and LaNYbN steepened from 1.9 to 13.0; the intensely altered chloritite zone had both minor net REE enrichment and depletion. Yb and Lu were immobile throughout both zones. The mobile REE were added and subtracted in constant chondrite-normalized inter-REE proportions: 1.0 La, 0.79 Ce, 0.57 Nd, 0.49 Sm, 0.01 Eu, 0.10 Tb and 0.02 Hb. Small additions of Eu relative to generally larger additions of LREE and Tb produced enhanced negative Eu-anomalies. The REE were mobilized at the hot (>300 C) core of the alteration system and deposited at the cooler periphery. Other sites of intense alteration and water/rock interaction display similar REE changes, indicating that selective REE enrichment at constant inter-REE ratios is a widespread phenomenon.  相似文献   

9.
Robert Cullers 《Lithos》1988,21(4):301-314
A series of soil and stream sediments developed during intense weathering on the metaluminous Danburg granite, northeastern Georgia, U.S.A., have been analyzed mineralogically and chemically. The concentrations of Ba, Na, Rb and Cs in the silt and coarser fractions are controlled mainly by feldspars and biotite. Hf is controlled by zircon, and the REE (rare-earth elements) and Th are largely controlled by sphene. Variations in feldspar, sphene and zircon may produce small variations in Eu/Sm and La/Lu ratios. Ferromagnesian minerals control Ta, Fe, Co, Sc and Cr concentrations.

The mineralogical and chemical composition of the Danburg granite is more closely reflected in the silt than in the sand or gravel fractions of stream sediments. In the silt, the contents of Rb, REE, Th, Ta, Fe, Co and Sc and the ratios of La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co, Eu/Sm and La/Lu are similar to those in the unweathered granite. In contrast, these element contents or ratios in the sands and gravels are 0.05−3× the concentration in the unweathered granite. Ta and Ba contents are an exception to the above. The Ta and Ba contents of the sands and gravels are similar to those of the granite.

In the kaolinite-halloysite clays, the content of Na is depleted relative to the source. Rb, Cs, Ba, Hf and Ta are depleted or enriched in the clays relative to the source, while the REE, Th, Fe, Co, Sc and Cr are enriched. The Eu/Sm (Eu anomaly size) and La/Lu ratios, and the REE patterns of the clays are similar to those of the source.

Thus, the mineralogy and element contents of a siltstone developed from metaluminous, granitic sources during intense weathering would be expected to be more similar to the source rock than the sandstones and conglomerates. Claystones should contain similar REE patterns and Eu/Sm ratios as the source rock, but such fine-grained sediments might represent much larger areas of source rocks than the more locally derived sandstones or conglomerates.  相似文献   


10.
The Nellore–Khammam Schist Belt (NKSB) in South India is a Precambrian greenstone belt sited between the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB) to the east and the Cratonic region to the west. The belt contains amphibolites, granite gneisses and metasediments including banded iron formations. Amphibolites occurring as dykes, sills and lenses—in and around an Archaean layered complex—form the focus of the present study. The amphibolites are tholeiitic in composition and are compositionally similar to Fe-rich mafic rocks of greenstone belts elsewhere. The NKSB tholeiites show highly variable incompatible trace element abundances for similar Mg#s, relatively constant compatible element concentrations, and uniform incompatible element ratios. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the tholeiites range from strongly LREE depleted ((La/Yb) N = 0.19) to LREE enriched ((La/Yb) N = 6.95). Constant (La/Ce) N ratios but variable (La/Yb) N values are characteristic geochemical traits of the tholeiites; the latter has resulted in crossing REE patterns especially at the HREE segment. Even for the most LREE depleted samples, the (La/Ce) N ratios are > 1 and are similar to those of the LREE enriched samples. There is a systematic decrease in FeOt, K2O and P2O5, as well as Ce and other incompatible elements from the LREE enriched to the depleted samples without any variation in the incompatible element ratios and Mg#s. Neither batch and fractional melting, nor magma chamber processes can account for the non-correlation between the LREE enrichment and HREE concentrations. We suggest that dynamic melting of the upper mantle is responsible for these geochemical peculiarities of the NKSB tholeiites. Polybaric dynamic melting within a single mantle column with variable mineralogy is the likely mechanism for the derivation of NKSB tholeiitic melts. It is possible that the NKSB tholeiites are derived from a source with higher FeO/MgO than that of present day ridge basalts.  相似文献   

11.
The accessory minerals apatite and sphene are the main carriers of REE in alkaline rocks.Their chondrite-normalized REE patterns decline sharply to the right as those of the host rocks,In the patterns an obvious negative Eu anomaly and a positive Ce anomaly can be seen in apatite and sphene,respectively.Zircon from alkaline rocks is different in REE pattern,I,e,. a nearly symmetric“V“-shaped pattern with a maximum negative Eu anomaly.Compared with the equivalents from granites,apatite,sphene and zircon from alkaline rocks are all characterized by higher (La/Yb)N ratio and less Eu depletion,As to the relative contents of REE in minerals,apatite,sphene and zircon are enriched in LREE,MREE and HREE respectively,depending on their crystallochemical properties.  相似文献   

12.
The Matomb region constitutes an important deposit of detrital rutile. The rutile grains are essentially coarse (> 3 mm), tabular and elongated, due to the short sorting of highly weathered detritus. This study reports the major, trace, and rare-earth element distribution in the bulk and rutile concentrated fractions. The bulk sediments contain minor TiO2 concentrations (1–2 wt%), high SiO2 contents (∼77–95 wt%) and variable contents in Al2O3, Fe2O3, Zr, Y, Ba, Nb, Cr, V, and Zn. The total REE content is low to moderate (86–372 ppm) marked by high LREE-enrichment (LREE/HREE ∼5–25.72) and negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* ∼0.51–0.69). The chemical index of alteration (CIA) shows that the source rocks are highly weathered, characteristic of humid tropical zone with the development of ferrallitic soils. In the concentrated fractions, TiO2 abundances exceed 94 wt%. Trace elements with high contents include V, Nb, Cr, Sn, and W. These data associated with several binary diagrams show that rutile is the main carrier of Ti, V, Nb, Cr, Sn, and W in the alluvia. The REE content is very low (1–9 ppm) in spite of the LREE-abundance (LREE/HREE ∼4–40). The rutile concentrated fractions exhibit anomalies in Ce (Ce/Ce* ∼0.58 to 0.83; ∼1.41–2.50) and Eu (Eu/Eu* ∼0.42; 1.20–1.64). The high (La/Sm)N, (La/Yb)N and (Gd/Yb)N ratios indicate high REE fractionation.  相似文献   

13.
赵芝  陈郑辉  邹新勇  王登红  陈振宇 《地球科学》2018,43(10):3652-3663
近几年在赣南新元古代浅变质岩风化壳中发现了离子吸附型稀土矿床,对矿区及南岭科学深钻中的浅变质岩样品进行了岩石、矿物及地球化学特征研究.矿区内主要出露神山组和库里组（南华系）,前者以千枚岩为主,含少量片岩,后者以厚层变质沉凝灰岩和中厚层变质砂岩为主;南岭科学深钻1 165~1 170.77 m库里组（青白口系）以变质沉凝灰岩为主夹薄层凝灰质板岩.浅变质岩类中新生变质矿物有绢云母、绿泥石、磁铁矿、堇青石、白云母、黑云母等,稀土矿物有新奇钙铈矿、独居石、磷钇矿、水独居石等;稀土含量为162×10-6~723×10-6,富集轻稀土.新奇钙铈矿是矿体中离子相稀土的主要来源;赣南青白口纪-南华纪中厚层变质沉凝灰岩和变质凝灰岩风化壳具有较好的稀土成矿前景.   相似文献   

14.
We have collected ∼500 stream waters and associated bed-load sediments over an ∼400 km2 region of Eastern Canada and analyzed these samples for Fe, Mn, and the rare earth elements (REE + Y). In addition to analyzing the stream sediments by total digestion (multi-acid dissolution with metaborate fusion), we also leached the sediments with 0.25 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride (in 0.05 M HCl), to determine the REE + Y associated with amorphous Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxide phases. We are thus able to partition the REE into “dissolved” (<0.45 μm), labile (hydroxylamine) and detrital sediment fractions to investigate REE fractionation, and in particular, with respect to the development of Ce and Eu anomalies in oxygenated surface environments. Surface waters are typically LREE depleted ([La/Sm]NASC ranges from 0.16 to 5.84, average = 0.604, n = 410; where the REE are normalized to the North America Shale Composite), have strongly negative Ce anomalies ([Ce/Ce∗]NASC ranges from 0.02 to 1.25, average = 0.277, n = 354), and commonly have positive Eu anomalies ([Eu/Eu∗]NASC ranges from 0.295 to 1.77, average = 0.764, n = 84). In contrast, the total sediment have flatter REE + Y patterns relative to NASC ([La/Sm]NASC ranges from 0.352 to 1.12, average = 0.778, n = 451) and are slightly middle REE enriched ([Gd/Yb]NASC ranges from 0.55 to 3.75, average = 1.42). Most total sediments have negative Ce and Eu anomalies ([Ce/Ce∗]NASC ranges from 0.097 to 2.12, average = 0.799 and [Eu/Eu∗]NASC ranges from 0.39 to 1.43, average = 0.802). The partial extraction sediments are commonly less LREE depleted than the total sediments ([La/Sm]NASC ranges from 0.24 to 3.31, average = 0.901, n = 4537), more MREE enriched ([Gd/Yb]NASC ranges from 0.765 to 6.28, average = 1.97) and Ce and Eu anomalies (negative and positive) are more pronounced.The partial extraction recovered, on average ∼20% of the Fe in the total sediment, ∼80% of the Mn, and 21-29% of the REEs (Ce = 19% and Y = 32%). Comparison between REEs in water, partial extraction and total sediment analyses indicates that REEs + Y in the stream sediments have two primary sources, the host lithologies (i.e., mechanical dispersion) and hydromorphically transported (the labile fraction). Furthermore, Eu appears to be more mobile than the other REE, whereas Ce is preferentially removed from solution and accumulates in the stream sediments in a less labile form than the other REEs + Y. Despite poor statistical correlations between the REEs + Y and Mn in either the total sediment or partial extractions, based on apparent distribution coefficients and the pH of the stream waters, we suggest that either sediment organic matter and/or possibly δ-MnO2/FeOOH are likely the predominant sinks for Ce, and to a lesser extent the other REE, in the stream sediments.  相似文献   

15.
The geochemistry of sediments is primarily controlled by their provenances, and different tectonic settings have distinctive provenance characteristics and sedimentary processes. So, it is possible to discriminate provenances, depositional environments and tectonic settings in the development of a sedimentary basin with the geochemistry of the clastic rocks. The analytical results of the present paper demonstrate that sediments in the Songliao prototype basin are enriched in silica (SiO2=66.48-80.51 %), and their ΣREE are 30-130 dmes of that of chondrite with remarkable Eu anomalies. In discriminating diagrams of Eu/Eu vs eeeeeREE and (La/Yb)N vs ΣREE, most samples locate above the line Eu/ Eu=l, on the right of the line Eu/Eu/ΣREE=1 and under the line La/Yb)N/eeeeeREE=1/8, which indicates that the depositional environment of sediments in the basin was oxidizing. In addition, variations of MgO, TiO2, A12O3, FeO+Fe2O3, Na2O and CaO vs SiO2 reflect a tendency of increasing mineral maturity of sediments  相似文献   

16.
The supracrustal rocks of the Wuyang metamorphic terrain are divided into the Zhao anzhuang,Tieshanmiao and Yangshuwan Formations.These three Formations were dated at 3000-2550Ma,2550-2300Ma and 2300-2200Ma,respectively.∑REE and La/Yb)n of the Zhao anzhuang Formation volcanic rocks are obviously higher than those of the Tiesanmiao Formation equivalents,suggesting a sedimentary gap(2550 Ma boundary)between these two formations,The Zhao‘anzhuang Formation is older than the Tieshanmiao Formation.The sediments of these two Formations show no obvious differences in REE and are generally characterized by low ∑REE and positive Eu anomalies.On the contrary,the sediments of the Yangshuwan Formation are characterized by high ∑REE and negative Eu anomalies.Detailed discussions demonstrate that the Yangshuwan Formation was deposited in an oxidizing environment whereas the other two formations were formed in a reducing environment.At the end of the evolution of the Tieshanmiao Formation about 2300 Ma ago,the sedimentary environment was transformed from reducing to oxidizing .On the basis of the SHAB (soft/hard acid and base)theory,an oxidation-reduction model for sedimentary REE evolution has been established .It is proposed that the mantle tends to become gradually depleted in REE.especially in LREE,and the indices ∑REE and La/Yb) n of mantle-dervived volcanic rocks also tend to become lower and lower.  相似文献   

17.
Geochemical variations in stream sediments (n = 54) from the Mahaweli River of Sri Lanka have been evaluated from the viewpoints of lithological control, sorting, heavy mineral concentration, influence of climatic zonation (wet, intermediate, and dry zones), weathering, and downstream transport. Compositions of soils (n = 22) and basement rocks (n = 38) of the catchment and those of <180 μm and 180–2000 μm fractions of the stream sediments were also examined. The sediments, fractions, soils and basement rocks were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence to determine their As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, V, Sr, Y, Nb, Zr, Th, Sc, Fe2O3, TiO2, MnO, CaO, P2O5 and total sulfur contents. Abundances of high field strength and ferromagnesian elements in the sediments indicate concentration of durable heavy minerals including zircon, tourmaline, rutile, monazite, garnet, pyriboles, and titanite, especially in <180 μm fractions. The sediments show strong correlation between Ti and Fe, further suggesting presence of heavy mineral phases containing both elements, such as ilmenite and magnetite. The basement rocks range from mafic through to felsic compositions, as do the soils. The river sediments lack ultrabasic components, and overall have intermediate to felsic compositions. Elemental spikes in the confluences of tributary rivers and high values in the <180 μm fractions indicate sporadic inputs of mafic detritus and/or heavy minerals to the main channel. Al2O3/(K2O + Na2O) and K2O/Na2O ratios of the sediments and LOI values of the soils correlate well with the climatic zones, suggesting intense weathering in the wet zone, lesser weathering in the intermediate zone, and least weathering in the dry zone. Low Sr and CaO contents and Cr/V ratios in stream sediments in the wet zone also suggest climatic influence. Fe-normalized enrichment factors (EFs) for As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr in stream sediments in the main channel are nearly all <1.5, indicating there is no significant environmental contamination. The chemistry of the sediments, rocks and the soils in the Mahaweli River are thus mainly controlled by source lithotype, weathering, sorting, and heavy mineral accumulation.  相似文献   

18.
The Mazhuangshan area lies in northeast to Aqikekuduke,where are distributed in-termediate-acid rocks,which were formed in the Middle-Late Carboniferous epoch.The magmatic rocks are peraluminous and belong to calcareous series.All values of ACNK(1.03-2.12),ANK(1.67-2.93),SI(4.1-33),δ(0.71-4.82),La/∑REE(0.09-0.26) ∑LREE/∑HREE(1.76-11.01),(La/Sm)N(1.60-6.35),(Sm/Nd)N(0.33-0.58),(La/Yb)N(4.7-12.1),LaN/Lux(5.9-11.8),(Ce/Yb)N(3.14-6.64),δEu(0.38-1.06),RbN/SrN(41-120)and Sr(0.02-0.2)demonstrate they vary with D_I(45-90).S-B diagram also shows that the lithophile elements are abundant in acidic magmatic rocks,Moreover,it is concluded that the primitive magma originated from a subduction zone at the continental edge,and underwent fractional crystallization and contamination,then generated the magmatic rocks,The multi-cation index(R:3055-3993,R2:286-438) shows that the primitive magma originated from the mantle,All these conclusions are beneficial for exploring gold deposits in the area.  相似文献   

19.
Distributions of the rare-earth elements (REE) in omphacite and garnet and REE behaviors during metamorphic processes were discussed. The REE concentrations of garnet and omphacite in six eclogite samples from the Dabie Mountain, central China, were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The correlation of δEu ratios between garnet and omphacite indicated that chemical equilibrium of REE distribution between garnet and omphacite could be achieved during ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Most of the partition coefficients (Kd=CiOmp/CiGrt) of light rare-earth elements (LREE) are higher than 1. However the partition coefficients of heavy rare-earth elements (HREE) are lower than 1. This indicated that the LREE inclined to occupy site M2 in omphacite, but the HREEs tended to occupy eightfold coordinated site in garnet during the eclogite formation. The REE geochemistry of the eclogites indicated that LREE could be partially lost during the prograde metamorphic process of protolith, but be introduced into the rocks during the symplectite formation. LREE are more active than HREE during the UHP metamorphism. The results are favorable to highlighting the REE behavior and evolution of UHP metamorphic rocks.  相似文献   

20.
The geochemistry and mineralogy of a condensed section, ~6 m thick of the West Kasrik member (Coniacian–Santonian) near the uplifted northern flank of the Mardin–Derik anticline (south-eastern Turkey) was studied. The only deposit exploited in Turkey is found in this area. The sediment textures as well as the mineralogical and the geochemical results collectively suggest that these recycled phosphorites accumulated in areas of intensive very early diagenesis of the sediments in highly oxic bottom waters, and almost no detrital apport. The total concentration of redox-sensitive trace metals is very low (<600 μg/g); in addition the structural CO2 and F/P2O5 are unusually high (~5 wt % and 0.14, respectively). REE distribution shows a clear “seawater” pattern with a strongly negative Ce-anomaly (0.20 ± 0.02) and heavy REE enrichment (LuN/LaN = 1.50 ± 0.12), however their total concentration is very low. The low REE contents, quite unexpected in recycled phosphorites, are explained by the scarcity of terrigenous components which leads to minimal incorporation of REEs from detrital clastic phases in the CFA fraction. Weathering previously suggested as responsible for the high P enrichment of the Mazidagi phosphorites is rather improbable in the samples we studied, in view of their high structural CO2, high F/P2O5, high (La/Nd)N and (La/Sm)N ratios, and high Sr/P and Ca/P of separated CFA fractions that all negate post-depositional weathering. More likely, the high P enrichment of some rocks (P2O5 content reaches 34%) was produced by sedimentary and early diagenetic processes acting in oxygenated areas of starved sedimentation on and around tectonic highs.  相似文献   

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