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1.
Groundwater management is of fundamental importance to meet the rapidly expanding urban, industrial and agricultural water requirements in semi-arid areas. To assess the current rate of groundwater withdrawal and possibility of recharge of potential aquifer in the semi-arid regions is essential for water management. The present study aimed to identify potential area for groundwater recharge structure in the Gwalior area based on land use, rainfall variation, hydrological component and statistical analysis. In this work, a stream survival approach was used for the assessment of water channel by using triangulated network and regression analysis to find out the correlation of individual component with reference to water management. Land use/land cover (LULC) map prepared from multispectral satellite images of the study area and used to validate the hydrological component and the results observed through the regression model shows good correlation. Therefore, immediate and effective water management schemes are required for sustainable water resource development and management in the area. 相似文献
2.
Md. Hasan Imam Delwar Hossain A. S. M. Woobaid Ullah 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(3):290-294
This study has been conducted to find out the aquifer characteristics of Bagerhat Sadar and adjacent areas in Bangladesh using geoelectrical resistivity method and borehole logs. The interpretation of resistivity soundings (14 nos.) shows that the sub-surface lithological sequence can be divided into four geoelectric units. The deepest geoelectric unit (with resistivity from 8 Ohm-m to 18 Ohm-m) represents the deep aquifer with usually fresh water. Resistivity values of 12 ?m or more for this unit may indicate formation water as acceptable for coastal people. In the study area, the shallow aquifer inferred is not suitable for groundwater development. 相似文献
3.
地电场的变化与台址环境的水文、气象及地质背景等相关,在青藏高原东北部季节冻土区,11个地电场台站处于较高的海拔,据台址下覆场地属性分为A类（黄土型）和B类（高原草场型）台站。通过对青藏高原季节冻土区域的地电场和大地电流场的计算和分析,联系区域构造活动和地质环境得出以下认识：青藏高原东北部季节冻土区地电场变化对水热环境响应明显,冬、夏两季测值可能发生跃变;长周期的地电场变化曲线可能与台址附近气温变化相关;台站大地电流矢量在冻土部分冻融交替过程中发生方向和幅度值的改变。A类和B类台址显示出不同的季节变化规律,地电场曲线上升和下降的时间节点各异,这种现象可应用于监测该区域冻土冻融情况和冻土的时空演变。 相似文献
4.
应用地下水模拟软件GMS建立山东济南明水泉域的三维地下水流数值模拟模型,对泉域内岩溶地下水进行数值模拟和水平衡分析,评价了泉域岩溶地下水资源总量和在保持泉水常年喷涌条件下的岩溶地下水可采资源量。在此基础上,应用时间序列分析法对泉水水位动态进行了预测。结果表明:明水泉域多年（2003-2014年）地下水补给量为1.23×108 m3·a-1,排泄量为1.36×108 m3·a-1,均衡差为-1.30×108 m3·a-1;模型预测未来20年泉水最低水位为55.65 m,最高水位为68.72 m,平均泉流量为34.6×104 m3·d-1。 相似文献
5.
The protection of karst water resources: the example of the Larzac karst plateau (south of France) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wide karst plateaus extend in the carbonate rocks of the Grands Causses area, north of Montpellier (south of France). They are surrounded by a hard rock base that feeds important rivers, such as the Tarn River and tributaries, and crosses the plateaus creating deep gorges. The Larzac plateau, the most southern, makes a link with the Mediterranean region. It is traversed by one of the main national roads and another main road under construction from Clermont-Ferrand to Montpellier and Spain. The karst water resource of the plateau, from springs, is used as a water supply for the Millau area (30,000 inhabitants); but it also recharges surface rivers, mainly during the summer and fall when the water level is low, in a region that is well known for water recreation activities, for fish farming and, above all, for sheep farming and Roquefort cheese production. The fundamental question was should the karst and its water resource be fully protected by strict regulations (for example as a nature reservation) in land-use management of the plateau based upon the knowledge of its hydrogeological functioning and its karst structure? Decisions, concerning the ～500-km2 area were elaborated from detailed hydrogeological studies, which included natural and artificial tracing, analysis of karst aquifer functioning, landscape analysis, and risk assessment and mapping. Recommendations were proposed to local and regional decision makers to define what were the preferences in terms of water resource protection and water quality restoration. Following such an approach in a karst area is not easy for hydrogeologists or for decision makers. In non-karstic regions, protection zones currently extend over small areas of a few square kilometers, which can be easily placed under the control of a small municipality. In the present example, the main water supplies are two springs that recharge areas that extend respectively over 100 and 110?km2. Included are several municipalities, some of which use them for their water supply, whereas others are concerned with pollution risks and land management projects. The recent French Water Act, which considers water as a common heritage, allows for general management by all the users, and it deals with the water and the terrain in which it flows. The regulation tools seem very well suited to karst region management. However, time is needed to educate users and decision makers, and with the help of karst scientists, to work together in a framework that is larger than the usual municipal limits. 相似文献
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7.
Ambe Emmanuel Cheo Hans-Jürgen Voigt Roy Lyonga Mbua 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(3):1211-1217
Water resources in northern Cameroon have continuously been reducing over the past years. Many studies have suggested two principal causes: (1) human activities such as poor farming practices, unsustainable use of water resources, increased demand of water, deforestation, land-use change, etc., (2) human-induced climate change. Northern Cameroon in this study includes: the Adamawa, North and Far North regions located closer to the Sahel regions of Africa. These regions are already water stressed because of their location and any further change in climate with rising temperature would impact water resource either positively or negatively. Time series analysis and a 12-month standardized precipitation index (SPI12) with digital data between 1957 and 2006 were used to investigate the variation of water resources in northern Cameroon. Results obtained varies between the different regions with an increased annual trend in temperature and precipitation for Ngaoundere (Adamawa region) and Garoua (north region), whereas Maroua (far north region) had a decreased annual trend in both precipitation and temperature. Further variability results obtained from a SPI12 show that wetter period out number drought period in all three regions. The study concluded that water resources vary with the changing climatic condition and the severity of the impact varies from region to region. Furthermore, water deficiency in northern Cameroon might not be due to climate change. The reasons might be a combination of poor water management and other factors such population growth, the environmental condition, etc. 相似文献
8.
为了解决传统水资源需求驱动因素分析中存在难以直观反映城市空间相互作用的问题,运用水资源需求场理论,分析地区水资源需求空间特征;结合社会经济势能探讨水资源需求的驱动因素,并以2014年广东省用水、社会经济数据为例进行计算与分析。研究表明:①广东省水资源需求场呈现以珠三角地区为中心向外辐射的分布特征,各城市周围的场强方向指向各城市中心点;②水资源需求场的叠加会改变城市的场强大小与方向;③社会经济势能与水资源需求场相关系数达0.924。结果证实,社会经济是水资源需求的主要驱动力;在其驱动下,水资源在空间上向发达地区与城市中心流动。该结果可为水资源需求的准确预测、水资源管理提供基础支撑。 相似文献
9.
The voltage stability problem in long-distance transmission systems can be exacerbated by geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) even in middle and low latitude areas where the effects of GMDs are considered to be mild compared to auroral areas. With the high voltage and the long-distance transmission lines, power system in China has to face the voltage instability risk. To clarify and measure the risk from GMD represented by geoelectric field, method for analysis of relationship between voltage stability of the long-distance transmission system and the size and direction of geoelectric field is provided. On the basis of calculation for geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) of power system and the additional reactive power losses of transformer due to GIC, the model of long-distance transmission line affected by geoelectric field is established. To measure the impact on the voltage stability of power system and the sensitivity of voltage to geoelectric field, the voltage stability index and the set of voltage limit violation nodes are proposed and calculated considering different geoelectric field and different initial operation conditions of power system. By taking the Northwest 750 kV power system in China as an example, voltage stability with geoelectric field magnitude from 1 V/km to 10 V/km, direction (0°) from north to south (180°) is analyzed and the voltage stability index is calculated, and the set of voltage limit violation nodes are summarized as well. The results show that the method is feasible and the index can reflect actually the relationship between the long-distance transmission system voltage stability and the geoelectric field, and the set of the voltage limit violation nodes can indicate which nodes are most susceptible to GMD. 相似文献
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11.
我国水资源量占世界水资源总量的8%,但要维持占世界人口总数21.5%的人类活动。除人均水资源少外,我国人口、耕地和水资源分布不均衡,长江以北耕地面积占全国耕地面积63.5%的重要农耕地区,仅有水资源的19%。此外,水资源与化石能源呈逆向分布,主要的煤炭、石油产区都在缺水区域。我国的降水在时间上不均衡,降雨量的60%以上集中在6~9月,易形成洪水,不仅无法利用,而且易形成洪涝灾害。 我国目前年用水量约5700亿m3,但北方地下水已严重超采,北方各主要河流的泾流利用率都超过国际上的通行标准,污水排放量增加而污水治理欠帐过多。用水结构中,产值低的农业耗水过大,使我国水资源形势十分严峻。据此,全社会应从政治、法律上重视水资源问题,用经济手段管理水资源,并在全社会重视节约用水的教育和措施。 相似文献
12.
我国北方地区农业生态系统水分运行及区域分异规律研究的内涵和研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
概述了国家自然科学基金重大项目"我国北方地区农业生态系统水分运行及区域分异规律研究"的内涵及初步研究进展,提出要通过对我国北方地区农业生态中水分运行和转换规律的综合田间试验及联网研究,确立北方地区农业生态系统水平衡、水循环过程的机制,确立北方地区有限水环境下作物生产力模型,对北方地区农业生态系统中水分运行与农业可持续发展及其区域分异规律作出评估,研究给出了我国北方地区主要作物的耗水、需水规律,夏玉米的水肥优化耦合模式和农田生态系统综合模型;获得了近40年来我国北方蒸发潜力自东向西逐渐递增的空间变化和自90年代以来北方部分地区潜在蒸发有明显下降趋势的时间变化特征;得出了黄土高原旱作高产农田土壤干燥化是高产田产量产生波动性的主要原因,比较了森林和草地的水文效应差异,指出在郁闭度相同的情况下,森林小流域较自然牧草小流域有较小的径流量、较大的蒸散量和较低的3 m土层平均含水量。 相似文献
13.
基于野外调查、取样分析以及遥感影像等,介绍了银川平原水文地质条件及水资源利用概况,探讨了土壤盐渍化、湖泊湿地萎缩、地下水盐化、地下水超采以及土地荒漠化等水环境问题及其演化成因。结果表明：银川平原地下水主要接受渠系渗漏及灌溉入渗、大气降水入渗、平原周边地下侧向径流、洪水散失、黄河水等补给,地下水排泄方式主要是排水沟排泄、蒸发和人工开采等,大部分地区潜水埋深在3 m以内;地表水主要来源于黄河引水,水资源利用效率不高;土壤盐渍化总面积8.17×104hm2,呈逐年缩减的趋势,主要分布于银川平原北部,平原南部仅分布在邵岗东部、灵武东部秦渠和东干渠等;湖泊湿地总体呈逐渐减少趋势,主要分布在银川平原北部,永宁以北、平罗以南区域比较集中,滩涂沿黄河两岸分布;潜水总含盐量自西向东、自南向北不断增大;银川和石嘴山深层地下水超采严重,地下水降落漏斗面积已超过500 km2;沙漠化土地分布在银川平原的东西两侧;土壤盐渍化及地下水盐化主要由潜水位埋深过浅,蒸发强烈造成的。最后,提出了防治上述水环境问题的对策：进一步加强水资源管理以及地表水与地下水联合调配;提高农业水资源利用效率;完善田间工程配套,实现渠道防渗管道化;改进田间灌溉技术;严格污水排放,积极开展污水净化处理,实行污水资源化;加强对水土环境质量的系统监测。 相似文献
14.
奎屯市地下水位动态变化及自动监测系统应用探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,在生活、生产和生态供水中发挥着不可替代的作用。地下水监测是地下水资源调查评价、地下水超采区划定、地下水超采区治理规划、地下水合理开发利用和有效保护的基础依据,是实现地下水科学管理的前提。奎屯市位于天山北坡经济带中心,随着区域社会经济的快速发展,需水量剧增,地下水超采严重,在奎屯河冲洪积倾斜平原区下部的农业井灌区形成大的地下水降落漏斗,地下水问题目益凸现。应用地下水位自动监测系统监测地下水位动态变化特征,为奎屯市地下水资源的科学管理、合理开发利用及水资源保护提供基本的参考依据。 相似文献
15.
喀斯特地区的水资源承载力评价研究——以贵州省为例 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
喀斯特地区水文运动规律特殊,生态环境脆弱,其水资源承载力也不同于非喀斯特地区。本文从喀斯特地区的水资源承载力入手,选取了供水模数、需水模数、水资源开发利用程度、人均供水量、工业用水重复利用率、耕地灌溉率、生态环境用水率等评价指标,并用多目标灰色关联投影法对贵州省各地区的水资源承载力状态进行了合理排序。最后对人口、GDP、水资源量和喀斯特面积与评价结果进行了灰色关联度分析,得出以上四因素与喀斯特地区的水资源承载力具有一定的关系,其关联程度大小顺序为: 水资源量> 人口> GDP> 喀斯特分布面积;喀斯特分布面积对其水资源承载力具有一定程度的影响,喀斯特地区经济发展的落后导致其经济发展与水资源承载力关系不明显; 随着经济技术水平的提高,喀斯特分布面积对水资源承载力的影响将逐渐减小。 相似文献
16.
Water resources in Taiwan are unevenly distributed in spatial and temporal domains. Effectively utilizing the water resources
is an imperative task due to climate change. At present, groundwater contributes 34% of the total annual water supply and
is an important fresh water resource. However, over-exploitation has decreased groundwater availability and has led to land
subsidence. Assessing the potential zone of groundwater recharge is extremely important for the protection of water quality
and the management of groundwater systems. The Chih-Pen Creek basin in eastern Taiwan is examined in this study to assess
its groundwater resources potential. Remote sensing and the geographical information system (GIS) are used to integrate five
contributing factors: lithology, land cover/land use, lineaments, drainage, and slope. The weights of factors contributing
to the groundwater recharge are derived using aerial photos, geology maps, a land use database, and field verification. The
resultant map of the groundwater potential zone demonstrates that the highest recharge potential area is located towards the
downstream regions in the basin because of the high infiltration rates caused by gravelly sand and agricultural land use in
these regions. In contrast, the least effective recharge potential area is in upstream regions due to the low infiltration
of limestone. 相似文献
17.
由于历史原因,煤炭资源整合矿区老窑采空区分布及积水情况不清,成为煤矿安全生产的重大隐患。利用煤炭采空区电性特征,选择以瞬变电磁勘探为主的大面积勘探,可以发挥其高效率、高精度的特点,辅以其它勘探手段进行综合勘查,能快速有效地确定采空区的位置及赋水情况。本次研究是采用瞬变电磁勘探为主的勘探方法对山西一煤矿区水患情况进行调查。首先根据矿区的测井资料对地电条件进行分析,通过针对性的试验,选择合理的施工参数。利用多种方法将采集数据进行处理分析,得到反应不同地质特征的剖面及平面图件,特别是利用专用软件得到煤层富水性目标分析对比图,更明确直观地反应采空区的位置及富水性。此次水患调查,基本查明了矿区内采空区及积水区位置、范围等情况,部分分析成果得到钻孔验证,证明采用瞬变电磁法勘探为主的勘查手段,在本矿区进行水患调查成果显著,为矿井的水患防治工作提供了可靠的资料依据。 相似文献
18.
随着我国经济的不断发展以及人口的不断增长,水资源短缺状况变得愈发严峻,许多地区都面临着水资源危机。为了解决这一问题并给出对水资源安全情况的动态评估方案,本文首先对水资源进行定性分析,根据国家统计局上的分类将其分为消费水平及供给水平两部分,再对每个部分进行更加详细的分类,随后选取相应数据进行具体分析,拟合得出其随时间变化的函数。由此建立微分方程组,从动态的角度综合考量各指标及互相间的关系,进而得出评估一个地区是否能够提供满足其需求的水资源的数学模型同时进行假设检验。最后,选取北京市作为研究对象,应用该模型进行水资源安全评估,得到北京市在未来10a左右的时间内水资源安全情况的趋势,同时给出相应的政策建议。 相似文献
19.
In Mexico, open dumps that are maintained by the municipality but provide no covering of waste are not uncommon. Further, disposal at these sites is often performed by burning. The aim of this study was to determine the leachate plume from an open dump located in a depositional deltaic environment, with arid climate, low rainfall and where the water table is about 2 m below the surface. The methodology comprised analysis of groundwater monitoring wells and geophysical and geochemical prospecting techniques. The 3D geoelectric interpretation shows a typical area of these depositional environments with low resistive values (10–20 Ω-m) associated with the presence of sands and clays interbedded. However, there is a very low resistivity zone associated with the dump’s impact which reaches values below 5 Ω-m, and it is located where the disposal and burning of wastes occurred. Another zone with values above 16 Ω-m appears as a limit for the advance of the saline. This is interpreted as a sandy lenses area. These sandy lenses with higher porosity transport aquifer’s water. Thus the dump is in direct contact by this conduct with clean groundwater. Piper diagrams constructed with the chemical data analysis reveal that the groundwater in the area corresponds to the chlorinated and/or sulfated sodium type, showing the impact caused by the dump. The monitoring well (NP8, on-site) with the highest dissolved solids content behaves anomalously and belongs to the more conductive zone according to the geoelectric profiles. The subsoil geochemical behavior is influenced by the seasonal water table variations provoking the dissolution of burned and unburned wastes, but the effects of slow flows in the direction of the regional flow are not discarded. Although the most impacted area within the dump is characterized to a depth of 10 m, there is a slow flow in the direction of the regional flow that has been moving pollutants out of the dumpsite during its almost 20 years of operation. The results of this study provide valuable information for the authorities to carry out an appropriate restoration project. 相似文献
20.
准格尔煤田含煤岩系高岭岩资源丰富,高铝矿物来源备受关注。采用高分辨率电感耦合等离子质谱等技术对石炭-二叠系太原组6号和山西组4号煤夹矸及顶底板中的稀土元素进行分析,并探讨了其物质来源。结果表明,6号煤夹矸及顶底板中稀土元素总量（ΣREY）均值为167.69μg/g,接近上地壳ΣREY值（168.4μg/g）;4号煤夹矸及顶底板中ΣREY均值为210.22μg/g,高于上地壳的ΣREY值。4号煤夹矸及顶底板中轻稀土含量均值与6号煤相当,中稀土和重稀土含量均值为6号煤两倍以上。6号煤夹矸及顶底板分层样中δCe为0.82～0.94,δEu为0.53～0.87;4号煤中δCe为0.88～0.98,δEu为0.74～0.97;均为Ce、Eu负异常。6号煤层夹矸及顶底板稀土元素主要来源于盆地北西侧阴山地区元古界花岗岩和北东侧下古生界沉积岩。4号煤层夹矸及顶底板稀土元素物源主要为盆地北侧阴山地区下古生界和元古界的沉积岩和火成岩系。 相似文献