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1.
徐钰林 《现代地质》2000,14(3):255-262
研究了西藏南部定日地区曲密巴剖面早第三纪遮普惹组上页岩段的钙质超微化石 ,自下而上划分出 3个超微化石组合 :N annotetrina fulgens-Chiasmolithusgigas组合 ;Discoaster bifax-Chiasmolithussolitus组合及 Sphenolithuspseudoradians-Reticulofenestra bisecta组合 ,确定了上述3组合可与 Martini( 1 971 )超微化石分带的 NP1 5、NP1 6及 NP1 7带对比。还确认了第三超微化石组合的层位是西藏地区海相第三纪目前已知的最高层位 ,它的时代应为中始新世晚期 ,即属 Bartonian期。根据超微化石属种的时限分布的分析 ,东特提斯在西藏境内的封闭时间大约在3 8Ma左右 ,即至该时期 ,海水完全退出青藏高原 ,印度板块和欧亚板块完全拼合 ,青藏高原开始大幅度的隆升。  相似文献   

2.
黄土/古土壤的物源研究对于揭示第四纪气候变化和青藏高原隆升历史具有重要意义。本研究以位于黄土高原西部1.4 Ma以来的兰州黄土/古土壤沉积序列为研究对象,基于X射线衍射技术分析了黄土/古土壤中的主要矿物组成,侧重于碳酸盐矿物含量,追溯了兰州黄土/古土壤的直接物源。结果显示: (1)1.4 Ma以来兰州地区黄土/古土壤沉积物的主要直接源区为柴达木盆地沙漠区和阿拉善干旱区。(2)基于二元混合模型计算的潜在原始源区对兰州黄土白云石和总碳酸盐矿物的相对贡献率以及长石与石英比值结果一致支持1.4 Ma以来兰州黄土原始物源发生了多次变化。1.4~1.1 Ma和0.9~0.3 Ma青藏高原东北缘造山带(昆仑山、祁连山)和中亚造山带对兰州黄土的贡献相当,而1.1~0.9 Ma和0.3 Ma以来,中亚造山带对兰州黄土的物源贡献增加,这可能分别是对中更新世气候转型和0.3 Ma以来青藏高原及邻近地区干冷气候增强的响应。1.15 Ma和0.8 Ma兰州黄土/古土壤中高的白云石含量、碳酸盐矿物总含量以及0.8 Ma长石与石英比值的快速升高可能是对“昆黄运动”的响应,进而造成了昆仑山、祁连山对黄土高原物源贡献的增加。  相似文献   

3.
黄土/古土壤的物源研究对于揭示第四纪气候变化和青藏高原隆升历史具有重要意义。本研究以位于黄土高原西部1.4 Ma以来的兰州黄土/古土壤沉积序列为研究对象,基于X射线衍射技术分析了黄土/古土壤中的主要矿物组成,侧重于碳酸盐矿物含量,追溯了兰州黄土/古土壤的直接物源。结果显示: (1)1.4 Ma以来兰州地区黄土/古土壤沉积物的主要直接源区为柴达木盆地沙漠区和阿拉善干旱区。(2)基于二元混合模型计算的潜在原始源区对兰州黄土白云石和总碳酸盐矿物的相对贡献率以及长石与石英比值结果一致支持1.4 Ma以来兰州黄土原始物源发生了多次变化。1.4~1.1 Ma和0.9~0.3 Ma青藏高原东北缘造山带(昆仑山、祁连山)和中亚造山带对兰州黄土的贡献相当,而1.1~0.9 Ma和0.3 Ma以来,中亚造山带对兰州黄土的物源贡献增加,这可能分别是对中更新世气候转型和0.3 Ma以来青藏高原及邻近地区干冷气候增强的响应。1.15 Ma和0.8 Ma兰州黄土/古土壤中高的白云石含量、碳酸盐矿物总含量以及0.8 Ma长石与石英比值的快速升高可能是对“昆黄运动”的响应,进而造成了昆仑山、祁连山对黄土高原物源贡献的增加。  相似文献   

4.
梅冥相 《古地理学报》2016,18(4):513-524
在现行的前寒武纪地质年代表中,由于太古宙底界没有得到很好的定义,只是被粗略地置于大约4000,Ma,因此也造成了一个没有得到较好定义的“冥古宙”。2个重要的发现促使学者们对冥古宙的地层学属性进行修订:(1)在西澳大利亚Jack山脉太古宙砾岩中发现了真正古老的锆石晶体,其不仅可将地层时代延伸到4404,Ma,而且包含了有关地球早期环境条件较为丰富的信息; (2)在加拿大北部发现了大约4030,Ma的Acasta片麻岩。根据这些发现,并结合月球和陨石的测年数据,就产生了大量有关太阳系和地球早期历史的新知识,包括太阳系与地球的形成、初生地球时期的重要变化及其物质记录和生命的起源及早期进化,这成为修订冥古宙地层学属性的重要基础。修订后的冥古宙代表了地球演变历史的最早时段,即从太阳系和地球在T0=4567,Ma的形成,一直延续到地球上最古老岩石的出现(4030,Ma)。冥古宙还可被进一步划分为2个代:(1)“混沌代”(4567,Ma—4404±8,Ma);(2)“杰克山代”或“锆石代”(4404±8,Ma—4030,Ma)。由于没有保存相应的地层记录,因此冥古宙顶界(4030,Ma)与底界(4567,Ma)的年龄值,仅为一个计时性的年代界限。上述这个被赋予了明确地层学属性的冥古宙,不仅代表了前寒武纪地层学研究的一个重要进展,而且也为深入了解地球早期演变历史提供了许多重要的理念。  相似文献   

5.
中太平洋海山区富钴结壳的钙质超微化石地层学研究   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
对“大洋一号”调查船在中太平洋采集的N1-15和N5E-06 2个富钴结壳样品进行了钙质超微化石及其生物地层学的研究与分析.这2个结壳从结构上分为3层: 致密型上层、疏松型中层和致密型下层.在研究中对各结构层和各层中有颜色或细微结构变化的层位都进行了详细的取样和分析.在识别了12个新生代钙质超微化石事件的基础上, 确定了2个结壳致密型上层结壳都为晚更新世以来的沉积, 它们的疏松型中层结壳为上新世到中更新世的沉积.对N5E-06富钴结壳来说, 其致密型下层结壳下部形成于中晚古新世到早渐新世的59.7~ 32.8 Ma期间.N1-15富钴结壳致密型下层的形成时代目前暂时定为中新世.研究注意到在2个结壳中都没有发现可信的晚渐新世到中新世的化石记录, 在个别层位之间存在着沉积间断.   相似文献   

6.
南海北部第三纪钙质超微化石生物地层学研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
段威武  黄永祥 《地质学报》1991,65(1):86-102
本文根据40口钻井剖面的钙质超微化石分析和研究成果,将南海北部海相第三系,划分出上渐新统至上新统18个超微化石带和始新统1个未命名组合。始新统未命名组合仅见于珠江口盆地东北缘。上渐新统至上新统18个超微化石带为连续沉积,但各带的发育程度不尽相同。其中相当于E.Martini(1971)划分的NN4—NN5带,NN11带和NN13—NN15带发育良好,横向稳定,分布广。它们是南海北部上第三系划分和对比的重要标志。结合部分有孔虫分带和岩性资料,探讨了全区海相第三系的沉积特征及沉积间断分布发育情况。文中还讨论了下、上第三系,第三系与第四系的超微化石划分标志以及再沉积超微化石的特点和地质意义。  相似文献   

7.
托阿尔期早期早侏罗世大洋缺氧事件(T-OAE,~183.8 Ma)是一次全球性的地质事件,鄂尔多斯盆地下侏罗统富县组记录了此次地质事件的陆地响应过程。主要基于盆地东缘野外地质调查、扫描电镜及薄片分析,本次研究描述了盆地东北部富县组岩性、颜色和沉积序列,利用前人研究成果总结了富县期岩相古地理变化规律及沉积模式,认为富县期经历了由干旱到湿润的古气候变化: 富县组下部含植物化石较为丰富的白色砂砾岩及黑色、灰色泥页岩沉积于湿润气候时期,对应着盆地下切河谷发育期和填平补齐期; 而上覆的罕见植物化石的杂色、红色泥页岩为(富县期晚期)相对平坦地形条件下的沉积,对应着早、中侏罗世湿润气候背景下的一次干旱气候脉动,为托阿尔期大洋缺氧事件在陆相环境的气候响应,可由此进行富县组区域等时性对比。研究认为“粗富县”为下切谷内河流充填沉积, “细富县”形成于湖泊环境或河漫环境, “黑富县”和“白富县”是湿润气候条件下沉积产物,而“红富县”和“杂富县”为T-OAE期后干旱条件下形成。  相似文献   

8.
托阿尔期早期早侏罗世大洋缺氧事件(T-OAE,~183.8 Ma)是一次全球性的地质事件,鄂尔多斯盆地下侏罗统富县组记录了此次地质事件的陆地响应过程。主要基于盆地东缘野外地质调查、扫描电镜及薄片分析,本次研究描述了盆地东北部富县组岩性、颜色和沉积序列,利用前人研究成果总结了富县期岩相古地理变化规律及沉积模式,认为富县期经历了由干旱到湿润的古气候变化: 富县组下部含植物化石较为丰富的白色砂砾岩及黑色、灰色泥页岩沉积于湿润气候时期,对应着盆地下切河谷发育期和填平补齐期; 而上覆的罕见植物化石的杂色、红色泥页岩为(富县期晚期)相对平坦地形条件下的沉积,对应着早、中侏罗世湿润气候背景下的一次干旱气候脉动,为托阿尔期大洋缺氧事件在陆相环境的气候响应,可由此进行富县组区域等时性对比。研究认为“粗富县”为下切谷内河流充填沉积, “细富县”形成于湖泊环境或河漫环境, “黑富县”和“白富县”是湿润气候条件下沉积产物,而“红富县”和“杂富县”为T-OAE期后干旱条件下形成。  相似文献   

9.
甘肃临夏盆地发现己知最早的披毛犀化石   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
邓涛 《地质通报》2002,21(10):604-608
披毛犀(Coelodonta属)是已绝灭的最著名的冰期动物之一:然而,披毛犀的早期记录只有少量材料来自几个约1.7Ma BP的中国地点。本项研究从甘肃临夏盆地最早的黄土沉积中发现一个带下颌骨的完整披毛犀头骨和一个具乳齿列的幼年头骨,古地磁年龄测定约为2.5MaBP,是世界上目前发现的最早的披毛犀遗存,将披毛犀的历史向前推进了o.8Ma。这一发现对了解披毛犀的早期进化具有重要意义,因为其进步的特征显示Coelodonta属至少在上新世就已经从真犀族中分离出来。这些Coelodonta属的化石发现代表干冷气候条件的黄土中,应是大冰期出现和青藏高原隆升所引起的结果。披毛犀起源于华北地区,在更新世时期广泛地扩散到欧亚大陆北部。  相似文献   

10.
基于对东濮凹陷97口钻井岩心的详细观察和分析,在古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段湖相沉积中识别出滑动、滑塌、碎屑流和浊流共4种类型的重力流沉积。各种类型沉积的主要判识特征如下: (1)滑动沉积以保留部分原始沉积构造、层内准同生小型断裂构造及较大角度的地层倾角(陡倾构造)发育、伴生Skolithos-Palaeophycus遗迹组合或Planolites-Taenidium遗迹组合为主要特征; (2)滑塌沉积以砂岩层顶、底面均与暗色泥岩呈突变接触以及岩层内部发育各种同生软沉积物变形构造(如包卷层理、火焰状构造、泄水构造、液化脉和各种撕裂屑等)为主要鉴别特征;(3)碎屑流沉积以砂岩呈块状构造、顶部发育漂浮砾石、底部泥岩撕裂屑发育并可见“泥包砾”现象、砂岩顶、底面均与暗色泥岩突变接触为特征;滑塌沉积和碎屑流沉积序列的上部常常伴生Mermoides-Parapaleodictyon遗迹组合; (4)浊流沉积以发育完整或不完整的鲍马序列为主要特征,浊积砂体下部见正粒序层理,底面见有冲刷痕、不规则槽模、重荷模等沉积构造,中上部发育深湖沉积中常见的Semirotundichnus-Puyangichnus遗迹组合。综合分析上述各种重力流沉积特征和伴生遗迹化石组合所体现的水深变化规律,认为遗迹化石组合随着湖水深度的增加呈分带性,与重力流沉积随水深增加而出现的滑动—滑塌—碎屑流—浊流沉积序列具有明显的一致性,且伴随重力流沉积而产生的生物扰动作用是增强的。因此,生物扰动构造(遗迹化石)的研究不仅对湖相沉积中储集层物性的分析具有重要意义,而且针对重力流沉积类型的判识还能提供重要的生物遗迹学信息。  相似文献   

11.
This study investigated the decadal relationship between the East Asian (EA) summer precipitation (EASP) and global sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) patterns. Maximum covariance analysis (MCA) was used to identify the coupling relationship between EASP and global SSTA. Four leading coupling modes were identified by MCA and they explained 27.7%,12.5%,8.9%,and 7.3% of the total variance, respectively. The spatial pattern of EASP of the first leading mode exhibited more-than-normal precipitation in most regions of EA. The second mode of EASP depicted a north-south “-+-” tripole pattern. The third one showed a “wet south and dry north” pattern, and the fourth mode exhibited a north-south “+-+” tripole pattern. The four coupling modes were suggested to be modulated by the global warming, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), respectively.The atmospheric processes and mechanisms underlying such modulations were also investigated. In the first coupling mode, global warming was favorable for increasing water vapor and precipitation over most parts of EA. In the second mode, PDO weakened the EA summer monsoon circulation, and it decreased precipitation in northern and southern EA regions and increased precipitation in the central EA region. The third mode was affected by AMO, which displaced the EA trough southward and weakened the convective activity over the northern EA region, thus leading to deficient precipitation in northern EA region. In the fourth mode, the EA summer monsoon was strengthened by NPGO, thus increasing precipitation in the northern and southern regions and decreasing precipitation in the central region.  相似文献   

12.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(5-6):808-827
During the Late Pliocene–Middle Pleistocene, 56 species and 15 genera of elongate, cylindrical benthic foraminifera disappeared from the deep sea in the South China Sea (ODP Sites 1143 and 1146) as part of the last global extinction in the deep sea. This extinction group (Ext. Gp) exhibited a pulsed decline in abundance and species richness mostly during glacials, and often associated with periods of expansion of polar ice that resulted from increased cooling of the Earth's climate since ∼2.5 Ma, particularly during the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition (MPT, 1.2–0.6 Ma). We infer that the Ext. Gp decline in abundance and disappearance was a result of the increased glacial cooling and consequent increased ventilation of the deep-sea water masses. The detailed record of withdrawal of the Ext. Gp differs between the two sites, with far more disappearances occurring prior to the MPT in the deeper Site 1143 (2772 m) than in the shallower Site 1146 (2092 m). The Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene declines in deeper parts of the South China Sea (Site 1143) may have resulted from enhanced glacial production of deep, southern-sourced water passing over the sill into the basin from the North-west Pacific. During the MPT however, the Ext. Gp declines and disappearances were of similar timing and magnitude in both sites, implying that both were influenced by the same deep-water mass during glacials at this time. This could have been North Pacific Deep Water, which many workers infer was formed in the northern Pacific during the last glacial, and may have begun forming during MPT glacials, in association with the progressively enhanced cooling of the Northern Hemisphere.  相似文献   

13.
选取大洋钻探ODP184航次在南海北部采集的1144站为研究材料,通过分析中更新世0.4~1.4Ma期间506个样品中浮游有孔虫氧、碳稳定同位素的变化特征,并与南海南部ODP 1143站和西太平洋暖池ODP 807站的同位素资料进行比较,发现南海北部的氧、碳稳定同位素及其差值的变化响应中更新世气候转型事件,在中更新世距今约0.9Ma之后100ka的偏心率周期明显增强。在中更新世气候转型之前,南海北部、南海南部和赤道西太平洋都呈现出典型的热带气候特征,具有岁差和半岁差的气候周期;转型之后,随着北半球冰盖的进一步扩张,南海北部受东亚冬季风增强的影响而导致温度下降、温跃层变深,但南海南部与赤道西太平洋的温度变化较小且温跃层变浅,说明同属季风区的南海北部和南部对气候变化的响应有所不同。  相似文献   

14.
Global atmospheric and oceanic circulation effects of expansion of continental ice sheets initiated upwelling in the western equatorial Pacific and simultaneously intensified upwelling in the eastern equatorial Pacific; contraction of the ice sheets reversed the process. Published Pleistocene paleoclimatic stratigraphies correlated across the entire equatorial Pacific exhibit eight such cycles in the Brünhes epoch. The extrapolated chronostratigraphies for the equatorial Pacific compare favorably with published paleoclimatic schemes for the southeastern, eastern, and northern Pacific Ocean. The Southern Ocean record exhibits fewer, and possibly also consistently older, climatic variations. A time progression or lack of synchrony of marine Pleistocene climatic events is not inconsistent with modified “Milankovitch” hypotheses, such as that involving Antarctic ice-sheet instability.  相似文献   

15.
陈芳  庄畅  周洋  苏新  段虓  刘广虎  吴聪  荆夏 《地球科学》2016,41(3):416-424
2013年我国首次在南海东北部东沙陆坡实施天然气水合物钻探,并获取块状等可视天然气水合物样品.为了解钻区地层、天然气水合物产出带(the zone of gas hydrate occurrence)或天然气水合物储层的地层时代和沉积速率特征,对其中5个站位(GMGS05、GMGS07、GMGS08、GMGS09和GMGS16) 的岩心沉积物进行钙质超微化石、有孔虫生物地层学和沉积速率变化的研究.钻孔取心最大深度为213.55 m.共识别出第四纪中更新世以来3个钙质超微化石事件和2个有孔虫事件,确定了钻探区所钻达最老地层为中更新统;天然气水合物产出带的地层时代为中更新世-全新世约0.44 Ma以来.钻区0.12 Ma以来的沉积速率介于36.9~73.3 cm/ka之间,平均值高达54.2 cm/ka,0.44 Ma以来平均沉积速率为47.4 cm/ka,表明东沙海域天然气水合物钻探区位于一高沉积速率堆积体上,高沉积速率更有利于天然气水合物的成藏,该结论与前人研究结果一致.   相似文献   

16.
A marine stratigraphic sequence across the Pliocene / Pleistocene boundary has been found in the north-ern continental shelf of the South China Sea. The marine Quaternary deposits in the Yinggehai Basin may ex-ceed 2,000 m in thickness, probably providing the best section for studying the lower boundary of the marinePleistocene in South China. The vertical succession with planktonic foraminifers and nannofossils revealed inboreholes in the basin has been well correlated with that in the international stratotype section of thePliocene / Pleistocene boundary at Vrica, Italy, resulting in the acquirement of a biostratigraphic boundary at1.64 Ma. This boundary, however, does not coincide with any prominent lithological palaeoenvironmentalchanges in the study area and can hardly be used in geological practice. There are, in contrast, significantchanges at the level of LAD of Globorotalia multicamerata sensu lato located below the above-mentionedboundary. The percentage of planktonic foraminifers in the total population and preservation of foraminiferaltests display great changes at this level corresponding to a clear onlap on the seismic profiles and indicating adepositional hiatus at ca. 2.0-2.5 Ma. Since the level can be widely traced in the Pearl River Mouth Basin andthe Beibu Gulf Basin and well corresponds with the marked depositional environmental changes recorded inthe west Pacific and other regions, it is recommended that the Plio / Pleistocene boundary be drawn at the levelof Gr. multicamerata sensu lato LAD, roughly concurrent with the Gauss / Matuyama turn.  相似文献   

17.
陈芳  苏新  周洋 《地球科学》2013,38(1):1-9
2007年我国首次在南海北部陆坡神狐海域实施了天然气水合物钻探, 并钻取水合物实物样品.为了解钻区地层、水合物产出带(the zone of gas hydrate occurrence)或水合物储层的地层时代以及沉积速率特征, 对其中4口钻孔(SH1B、SH2B、SH5C和SH7B)岩心沉积物进行钙质超微化石年代地层学和沉积速率变化的研究.本次工作识别出17个新近纪钙质超微化石事件, 确定了神狐钻探所钻达最老地层为新近系上中新统; 水合物产出带的地层为上中新统-上新统.这4个钻井地层沉积速率的变化特征因站位和时期而异.中新世以来各地质时期沉积速率差异较大, 全新世最高(20~34.16 cm/ka之间), 其次为更新世和晚中新世(3.14~5.74 cm/ka), 上新世最低(1.88~3.27 cm/ka).此外, 水合物产出带地层的沉积速率在各钻孔也有差异, SH2B孔为4.18 cm/ka, SH7B孔为1.88 m/ka.表明南海水合物产出层位沉积速率差异较大, 沉积速率与水合物成藏的关系可能比前期的认识更为复杂.   相似文献   

18.
<正>Based on field geological survey,stratigraphic section measurement and indoor comprehensive investigation,the Zanda Basin's tectonic location in the Himalaya Plate was ascertained,and the formation and evolution of the Zanda Basin during the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene was classified as six stages:(a) primary rift-faulting stage,(b) quick rift-faulting Stage,(c) intensive rift-faulting stage,(d) stasis stage,(e) secondary rift-faulting stage,and(f) secondary quick rift-faulting stage.Based on this six-staged formation-evolution theory of the Zanda Basin,the upwelling process of the Western Himalaya Mountains from the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene was classified as the following five stages:(a) slow upwelling stage(5.4-4.4 Ma),(b) mid-velocity upwelling stage(4.4-3.5 Ma),(c) quick upwelling stage(3.5-3.2 Ma),(d) upwelling-ceasing stage(3.2-2.7 Ma), and(e) quick upwelling stage(2.7 Ma).Research has shown that in the duration from the Early Pliocene(4.7 Ma) to the End of Pliocene(2.67 Ma),which lasted 2.03 million years,the Himalaya Mountains had uplifted 1500 m at a velocity of 0.74 mm/a;this belongs to a mid-velocity upwelling. During the 1.31 million years in the Early Stage of the Early Pleistocene,the Himalaya Mountains had risen up another 1500 m at a velocity of 1.15 mm/a;this is a rather quick upwelling.All of these data have shown that the upwelling of the Western Himalaya Mountains is along a complicated process with multi-stages,multi-velocities,and non-uniformitarian features.  相似文献   

19.
甘肃酒泉Q_(y1)钻孔磁性地层划分与对比   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
曹兴山 《地层学杂志》1997,21(4):259-266,F003
甘肃第四纪地质研究取得了丰硕成果,但因各家对第四纪地层划分的原则和依据不统一及其他原因,致使第四纪划分的一些基本问题尚无统一意见。为建立河西走廊地层层序,本文依据酒泉Qy1钻孔磁性地层特征、热释光测试成果、14C资料及岩石地层特征进行地层划分。依据区域地质资料和古地磁成果,确定第四纪下限为2.48Ma,中更新世下限为0.73Ma,晚更新世下限为0.20Ma,全新世下限为0.012Ma。  相似文献   

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