共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Carla Meurk 《The Australian geographer》2014,45(1):37-52
This paper examines invasive animal management institutions, using theories at the interstices of anthropology and geography, to question current approaches to management based on neoclassical and neoliberal economic rationales. I present an analysis of two feral pig management regimes in Far North Queensland, Australia: (i) bounty systems of payment for feral pig control; and (ii) a community-based feral pig trapping program. I show how these management methods reshape important social and cultural processes through their overlapping technological and economic elements. On the basis of this analysis, I propose a conceptual framework for invasive animal management planning that incorporates a beneficiary–benefactor analysis alongside cost–benefit analyses. I argue that ecological-economic theories of pest management may be usefully enhanced by addressing the links between economic and social behaviours. 相似文献
2.
中国干旱区沙化土地绿色环保治理技术综述 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
土地沙化是中国面临的严重生态问题。沙化土地治理是中国生态文明建设的重点和难点,也是建设美丽中国必须要面对和解决的问题。在干旱区使用人工植被和草方格机械沙障等措施治理沙化土地效果显著,但同时也存在一定的局限性。针对这些问题,近年来中国学者研发和探索了人工生物土壤结皮等诸多新型、快速的沙化土地绿色环保治理技术。本文评述了2000年以来中国学者在这一领域开展的系列创新性研究,分析了其研究前沿和未来发展趋势,以期为全面、准确认识和评估绿色环保沙化土地治理技术提供重要依据。 相似文献
3.
From market to multifunctionality? Land stewardship in Australia 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Recent assessments of Australia's land and water resources have revealed widespread patterns of serious decline, much of it directly associated with agricultural practices. The environmental degradation associated with agriculture has both biophysical and socio-economic underpinnings. While there have been calls to attend to the sustainability 'crisis' of Australian agriculture, policy settings remain firmly locked onto a productivist trajectory. We consider the implications of contemporary policy settings for farmland sustainability against the background of debates as to the meaning of 'multifunctionality'. The discussion is then turned to the Land Stewardship project, a strategic policy initiative within the State of Victoria that was looked to as a means of redressing environmental degradation in agricultural landscapes while also being attentive to rural community and economic issues. Towards the end of the paper we reflect on the question of how the Land Stewardship project aligns with theorizations of multifunctionality. 相似文献
4.
Aborigines, because of their population numbers and increasing control over land and resources, are crucial to the sustainable development of rural Australia. However, appropriate Aboriginal development requires the replacement of the ‘top‐down’ approaches generally adopted by government agencies by ‘bottom‐up’ approaches reflecting the needs and aspirations of rural Aboriginal people. Past experience demonstrates that Aborigines have faced many frustrations in reconciling these concepts. But some approaches now being adopted in the use and management of Australia's rangelands provide interesting alternatives which may be more generally applicable in enhancing rangeland sustainability. Examples include land‐use practices conducted by Aborigines living in remote homeland centres on their own freehold land, and the diversity of land uses introduced on pastoral stations now under Aboriginal ownership. Broader recognition of the value of these approaches will depend on widespread acknowledgment of the overall worth of Aboriginal land management knowledge in rural restructuring 相似文献
5.
近50年来毛乌素沙地的沙漠化过程研究 总被引：45，自引：18，他引：45
根据野外考察、应用遥感和地理信息系统技术对毛乌素沙地进行动态研究表明，50年代沙漠化土地面积约为12900km^2，到了70年代中期达41110km^2,80年代后期，减少为32590km^2，至1993年又下降到了30650km^2。50-70年代是沙漠化土地迅速发展的时期，而进入80年代以后，总体上是处于逆转过程中，已有近9460km^2的沙漠化土地得到了治理，这主要得益于“三北”防护林工程的实施和当地政府与干部群众积极开展沙漠化防治的努力，也进一步证明了：沙漠化主要是人类造成的，也只有人类能够控制它。 相似文献
6.
Rachele S. Wilson Kerry Jones Sean Fleischfresser Bridgette Davis Genevieve Jones 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(3):335-350
This article examines roles, opportunities, and challenges for Indigenous land management in rapidly developing landscapes through a case study of Bunya Bunya Country Aboriginal Corporation, a not-for-profit organization on the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia. An analysis of data collected through semistructured interviews, participant observation, and analysis of secondary sources reveals that Aboriginal land managers work in a variety of roles to manage issues affecting the local environment and cultural heritage sites. These efforts are challenged by the absence of Native Title and colonial land management policies, which restrict Aboriginal involvement in land management. We conclude that there is a need for alternative pathways to engage with Aboriginal land managers who cannot, or choose not to, proceed with Native Title. Decolonized decision-making tools and sustainable enterprises are viable opportunities that partially address these challenges and could deliver tangible socio-economic and cultural benefits to local Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. 相似文献
7.
Land use change is the result of the interplay between socioeconomic, institutional and environmental factors, and has important
impacts on the functioning of socioeconomic and environmental systems with important tradeoffs for sustainability, food security,
biodiversity and the vulnerability of people and ecosystems to global change impacts. Based on the results of the First Land
Use Survey in Tibet Autonomous Region carried out in the late 1980s, land use map of Lhasa area in 1990 was compiled for the
main agricultural area in Lhasa valley using aerial photos obtained in April, May and October 1991 and Landsat imagery in
the late 1980s and 1991 as remotely sensed data sources. Using these remotely sensed data, the land use status of Lhasa area
in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1999 and 2000 were mapped through updating annual changes of cultivated land, artificial forest,
grass planting, grassland restoration, and residential area and so on. Land use map for Lhasa area in 2007 was made using
ALOS AVNIR-2 composite images acquired on October 24 and December 26, 2007 through updating changes of main land use types.
According to land use status of Lhasa area in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2007, the spatial and temporal land use dynamics in Lhasa
area from 1990 to 2007 are further analyzed using GIS spatial models in this paper. 相似文献
8.
Land use change is the result of the interplay between socioeconomic, institutional and environmental factors, and has important impacts on the functioning of socioeconomic and environmental systems with important tradeoffs for sustainability, food security, biodiversity and the vulnerability of people and ecosystems to global change impacts. Based on the results of the First Land Use Survey in Tibet Autonomous Region carried out in the late 1980s, land use map of Lhasa area in 1990 was compiled for the main agricultural area in Lhasa valley using aerial photos obtained in April, May and October 1991 and Landsat imagery in the late 1980s and 1991 as remotely sensed data sources. Using these remotely sensed data, the land use status of Lhasa area in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1999 and 2000 were mapped through updating annual changes of cultivated land, artificial forest, grass planting, grassland restoration, and residential area and so on. Land use map for Lhasa area in 2007 was made using ALOS AVNIR-2 composite images acquired on October 24 and December 26, 2007 through updating changes of main land use types. According to land use status of Lhasa area in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2007, the spatial and temporal land use dynamics in Lhasa area from 1990 to 2007 are further analyzed using GIS spatial models in this paper. 相似文献
9.
旅游用地时空演变及其环境效应研究综述 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
旅游用地时空演变及其环境效应研究从20世纪30年代开始逐渐引起国内外学者的关注,并在海滨度假区、游憩商务区、环城游憩带的空间形态变化过程和变化机制以及旅游用地开发对旅游地的生态环境影响等方面取得了一些成果.研究方法以实证研究为主,具体有野外调查、模拟实验和长期监测,野外调查法被采用的最多.先进的3S技术在已被应用于旅游用地及其环境影响研究方面,但仍处于探索阶段.尤其在国内对旅游用地环境的影响研究多以社会经济统计资料、环境监测资料为依据,以野外调查为手段,缺乏对新技术的广泛应用.研究存在动态演变模型构建不足、时空尺度单一、生态环境效应的过程与机理研究薄弱、环境效应数据的动态监测缺乏等的问题.指出未来研究的趋势是:旅游用地时空演变机制的动态模拟;旅游用地时空演变环境效应时空尺度的扩展;旅游用地时空演变的生态环境效应定量评价;旅游用地时空演变环境效应的监测与预测等. 相似文献
10.
Land use change and its eco-environmental responses are foci in geographical research. As a region with uneven economic development, land use change and eco-environmental responses across Jiangsu Province are relevant to China’s overall development pattern. The external function of regional land use changes during different stages of economic development. In this study, we proposed a novel classification system based on the dominant function of land use according to “production-ecology-life”, and then analyzed land use change and regional eco-environmental responses from a functional perspective of regional development. The results showed that from 1985 to 2008, land use change features in Jiangsu were that productive land area decreased and ecological and living land areas increased. Land use changes in southern Jiangsu were the most dramatic. In southern and central parts of Jiangsu the agricultural production function weakened and urban life service function strengthened; in northern Jiangsu, the mining production function’s comparative advantage highlighted that the rural life service function was weakening. Ecological environmental quality decreased slightly in Jiangsu and its three regions. The maximum contribution rate to ecological environmental change occurred in southern Jiangsu and the minimum rate was located in the north. Eco-environmental quality deteriorated in southern and central Jiangsu, related to expanding construction land in urban and rural areas. Ecological environmental quality deterioration in northern Jiangsu is probably due to land development and consolidation. The main reason for improvements in regional ecological environments is that agricultural production land was converted to water ecological land across Jiangsu. 相似文献
11.
Participation in the Indigenous visual arts sector provides one of few market opportunities for Indigenous Australians resident on remote Aboriginal lands. In this article we examine the economic factors that influence this market engagement as they relate to woodcarving in the Maningrida region of Arnhem Land. In particular, we look at the factors that affect participation, production and monetary returns using scan and focal sampling, resource accounting and sales data from the regional art centre. Artists were engaged in a range of activities of which art production was the prominent means of productive cash income generation. An artist's residence and also their language community were found to influence the amount of sculpture production undertaken, with artists residing on ‘country’ in the hinterland being more engaged in sculpture production than those living in the township of Maningrida. The annual income earned by an artist for carving was highly variable and a large proportion of woodcarvers also earned income from producing artwork in other media. Capital costs were relatively minor, with travel costs and labour the main input into carving production. Based on the average return for a single woodcarving, $160, we estimate the average hourly return to artists as between $12 and $14. Whilst this figure is relatively low and comparable to the Australian award wage for unskilled labour, the income earned from arts production makes an important contribution to people's livelihoods. 相似文献
12.
中国生态脆弱带人地关系行为机制模型及应用 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
以农牧交错带为研究对象,通过建立人地关系行为机制模型,探讨外部社会经济因素影响土地退化的机制,并重点就当前正在实施的退耕还林还草政策所带来的生态经济效果进行分析。模型拟合结果显示,利用玉米及农作物秸秆作为饲料,扩大舍饲动物饲养,或者扩大种植葵花或油料作物等商品作物以替代自给性作物糜子,将可以在不加剧水土流失的前提下增加农户收入。模型结果还显示,非农就业机会增加时,农户会减少坡地垦殖。这表明推进农村工业化和城镇化发展,增加农民非农就业机会,鼓励农民进城的政策对于黄土高原的水土保持也是有促进作用的。 相似文献
13.
西藏拉萨市土地沙漠化现状与趋势 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
西藏拉萨市已有17万km2土地沦为沙漠化土地,沙漠化的危害涉及农牧业生产和人民生活的各个方面。研究表明,本区沙漠化过程是在干旱多风的气候条件下,以缓慢的自然沙漠化过程为基础,自然与人为因素共同作用,相互激发,相互促进所形成的人为加速与加剧过程,它是强度的不合理的土地利用与脆弱的生态环境和贫乏的自然资源之间不相协调的产物。在目前的土地利用方式和强度下,拉萨市沙漠化将会进一步加剧。预计到2000年和2025年,拉萨市沙漠化土地面积将分别增加到19.6万km2和28.9万km2,比目前的沙漠化土地面积扩大3.0万km2和11.9万km2,使人类的生存环境进一步恶化。 相似文献
14.
Land use intensity quantifies the impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems, which have become the major driver of global environmental change, and thus it serves as an essential measurement for assessing land use sustainability. To date, land-change studies have mainly focused on changes in land cover and their effects on ecological processes, whereas land use intensity has not yet received the attention it deserves and for which spatially-explicit representation studies have only just begun. In this paper, according to the degree and reversibility of surface disturbance by human activities, there are four main classes of land use intensity: artificial land, semi-artificial land, semi-natural land, and natural land. These were further divided into 22 subclasses based on key indicators, such as human population density and the cropping intensity. Land use intensity map of China at a 1-km spatial resolution was obtained based on satellite images and statistical data. The area proportions of artificial land, semi-artificial land, semi-natural land, and natural land were 0.71%, 19.36%, 58.93%, and 21%, respectively. Human and economic carrying capacity increased with the increase of land use intensity. Artificial land supports 24.58% and 35.62% of the total population and GDP, using only 0.71% of the total land, while semi-artificial land supported 58.24% and 49.61% of human population and GDP with 19.36% of China’s total land area. 相似文献
15.
In Nepal, changing demographic patterns are leading to changes in land use. The high level of outmigration of men in the hills of Kaski District, Western Development Region of Nepal, is affecting the household structure but also land management. Land is often abandoned, as the burden on those left behind is too high. How do these developments affect the state of the land in terms of land degradation? To find out, we studied land degradation, land abandonment caused by outmigration, and existing sustainable land management practices in a subwatershed in Kaski District. Mapping was done using the methodology of the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT). While previous studies expected land abandonment to exacerbate slope erosion, we demonstrate in this paper that it is in fact leading to an increase in vegetation cover due to favourable conditions for ecosystem recovery. However, negative impacts are several, including the increase of invasive species harmful to livestock and a decline in soil fertility. Traditional land management practices such as terraces and forest management exist. To date, however, these measures fail to take account of the changing population dynamics in the region, making the question of how migration and land degradation are linked worth revisiting. 相似文献
16.
17.
华北土地利用十年动态特征分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以遥感与GIS为技术支撑,分析华北地区十年的土地利用动态特征。华北地区耕地增加,以旱地为主,主要分布于河北、河南;林草地减少,尤其是草地的减少集中于内蒙古,表现为耕地大量占用草地;城镇增加迅速,主要表现在城镇用地占用耕地,以农村居民点发展快;华北土地利用转换以耕地变城镇、农村居民点与工矿用地为主。按土地利用变化分区,华北处于两个区:黄淮海耕地-城镇转换区,主要表现在河北旱地变为农村居民点,河南、北京、天津旱地变城镇。华北、黄土高原农牧交错带草地-耕地转换区,集中在内蒙古草地变耕地。从两个时间段看,华北土地利用20世纪80年代末到90年代中期耕地增加速度明显大于华北土地利用90年代中期到90年代末。华北土地利用90年代中期到90年代末城乡、居民工矿用地面积的增加幅度比华北土地利用80年代末到90年代中快。 相似文献
18.
黄河三角洲土地结构分析 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
本文在土地类型划分和土地评价的基础上，对黄三角洲的土地结构（包括土地类型土地结构，土地资源结构，土地空间结构，土地演替结构，土地利用现状结构）进行了分析，由此提出了大农业发展方向，土地利用格局以及促进土地顺向演替等方面的建设性意见。 相似文献
19.
基于土地利用/覆被分类系统估算 碳储量的差异——以海南岛森林为例 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
土地利用/覆被分类系统是碳蓄积研究的依据,然而各种碳蓄积研究所采用的土地利用/覆被分类系统不尽相同。根据1993年海南林业资源二类调查资料,我们按照USGS土地利用/覆被、LCCS土地覆被和中国科学院土地资源三种分类系统所定义的类别进行分类并计算了各自的碳储量和碳密度,为碳储量的进一步精确估算和土地覆被分类系统研制提供重要的科学依据。结果发现,（1）不同的土地利用/覆被分类系统所对应的总碳储量以及平均碳密度都有了明显的差别。林业调查资料的植被分类、FAO 土地覆被分类系统(LCCS)、USGS 土地利用/土地覆被分类系统以及我国学者常用的中国科学院土地资源分类系统的碳蓄积量(Tg C)分别是28.98、28.71、21.04和21.04;碳密度(t C/ha)分别是31.24、30.95、22.68和22.68。（2）土地利用分类系统和土地覆被分类系统之间的结果具有较大差异,其碳储量相差7.67～7.94 Tg C,碳密度则相差8.27～8.56 t C/ha;差距在26.47%～37.74%之间。与其他学者研究结果比较发现,土地利用/覆被分类系统造成的碳蓄积差异的变化方向是不定的,取决于具体的分类系统和材积-生物量函数。不同土地利用/覆被分类系统对于植被划分的不同,导致了材积-生物量回归方程和类别面积的差异是造成碳蓄积和碳密度估算差异的根本原因。目前常用的土地利用/覆被分类系统在估算碳蓄积中存在一定问题,不适合于高精度的碳蓄积计算。体现地表植被生物量差异、植被叶型和外貌特征、种类及树龄差异等内涵的土地利用/覆被分类系统利于陆地碳循环研究的深化。 相似文献
20.
本文以土地资源结构类型研究为基础,探讨了不同结构类型的功能,并以宁夏、甘肃干旱区为例说明之。 相似文献