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1.
环厦门海域沉积物放射性核素分布与沉积速率   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用HPGe探测器γ谱仪测定了厦门海域两个沉积物岩心的放射性核素,研究了40K、137Cs、210Pb、226Ra、228Ra、228Th和238U 7种放射性核素的垂直分布特征.综合文献数据与我们的研究结果给出沉积物中7种核素的比活度分别为510~1 096、2.64~4.01、48.4~129、9.6~40.0、49.9~94.3、56.3~89.2、11.5~82.3Bq/kg.用210Pbex方法计算得到的厦门西南和东北海域的沉积速率为2.62、2.43cm/a.文献给出的环厦门海域沉积速率范围值为0.07~13.2cm/a,算术平均值为3.2cm/a,主要集中在0.07~2.5、3.5~6.0cm/a范围内.  相似文献   

2.
南海东北部表层沉积物天然放射性核素与137Cs   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
用HPGeγ谱仪测定了南海东北部表层沉积物中的放射性核素.结果给出7种核素的平均比活度分别为40K:538Bq/kg,210Pb:116Bq/kg,226Ra:27.7Bq/kg,228Ra:4.49Bq/kg,228Th:42.0Bq/kg,238U:35.4Bq/kg和137Cs:1.16Bq/kg,210Pb的比活度随离岸距离增大,226Ra比活度随离岸距离没有明显变化,其余核素比活度随离岸距离减小.与对我国近海其他海域报道的沉积物放射性核素含量相比,40K和137Cs稍低于其他海域,其余核素为中等水平.  相似文献   

3.
南海东北部表层沉积物天然放射性核素与~(137)Cs   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
用HPGeγ谱仪测定了南海东北部表层沉积物中的放射性核素 .结果给出 7种核素的平均比活度分别为40 K :538Bq/kg ,2 10 Pb :1 1 6Bq/kg ,2 2 6Ra:2 7 7Bq/kg ,2 2 8Ra:4 4 9Bq/kg ,2 2 8Th :4 2 0Bq/kg ,2 38U :35 4Bq/kg和137Cs:1 1 6Bq/kg ,2 10 Pb的比活度随离岸距离增大 ,2 2 6Ra比活度随离岸距离没有明显变化 ,其余核素比活度随离岸距离减小 .与对我国近海其他海域报道的沉积物放射性核素含量相比 ,40 K和137Cs稍低于其他海域 ,其余核素为中等水平 .  相似文献   

4.
兴化湾西岸潮间带沉积物岩心放射性核素分布与沉积速率   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用2007年8月31日采集于福建兴化湾西岸的潮间带沉积物岩心样品,用γ谱方法测量了其放射性核素含量,对岩心中核素的分布及其成因进行了讨论,估算了研究区沉积物的沉积速率,探讨了沉积物的物源,结果表明:(1) 238U、228Th、228Ra、226Ra、210Pb、137Cs和40K的含量分别为35.0~60.6、52.6~69.3、49.0~66.5、22.7~36.2、26.3~84.8、0.5~1.3和775~831 Bq/kg;(2) 用238U、226Ra、137Cs和40K作为示踪剂进行物源分析发现,兴化湾潮间带沉积物主要源于邻近的福州和莆田地区的土壤,所占比率分别为54%和46%;(3) 用210Pbex和137Cs方法估算得兴化湾西岸潮间带沉积物的平均沉积速率分别为0.38 cm/a和0.36 cm/a.岩心中210Pbex分布表明,自20世纪末,研究区潮间带沉积速率加快.  相似文献   

5.
为揭示中国东南沿海地区210Po和210Pb的大气沉降时空变化特征,探讨该地区气溶胶的停留时间,于2013年1月至2014年12月对厦门地区210Po和210Pb的大气沉降通量进行了时间序列研究。结果发现,210Po和210Pb的平均日沉降通量分别为(65.38±4.79) mBq/(m2·d)(n=54)和(0.78±0.09) Bq/(m2·d)(n=54),表现出明显的周年变化。东北季风期间,210Po和210Pb的沉降通量较高,而西南季风期间其通量较低。2013年和2014年,210Po的年沉降通量分别为19.29 Bq/(m2·a)和9.25 Bq/(m2·a),210Pb的年沉降通量分别为159.2 Bq/(m2·a)和189.6 Bq/(m2·a)。两核素的年沉降通量表现出不同程度的年际差异。210Po与210Pb沉降通量之间存在显著的线性正相关关系,揭示了大气中210Po和210Pb具有相同的迁出机制,降雨和大气中核素含量是影响210Po和210Pb沉降通量的主要因素。该研究结果可以为探求台湾海峡海水中210Po与210Pb的收支平衡提供大气来源项。  相似文献   

6.
胶州湾沉积物-海水界面硅的交换速率及其影响因素探讨   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
采用实验室培养法在原位温度和溶氧条件下测定了胶州湾沉积物-海水界面硅的交换速率,并探讨了相关环境因子对界面交换速率的影响机制。结果表明,胶州湾沉积物-海水界面硅的交换表现为从沉积物向水体释放,其交换速率在947~4 889 μmol/(m2·d)范围内,平均速率为1 819 μmol/(m2·d)。表层沉积物中叶绿素a(Chl a)和总有机碳(TOC)是影响胶州湾沉积物-海水界面硅交换速率的主要环境因子,同时表层沉积物的含水率(φ)、生源硅(BSi)和粘土含量以及间隙水中溶解硅酸盐(DSi)对沉积物-海水界面硅的交换也有重要影响。由此可推知,胶州湾沉积物-海水界面硅的交换速率主要受生物活动和溶解-扩散双重过程调控,而表层沉积物粒度与底层水体中DSi对胶州湾硅的释放影响较小。  相似文献   

7.
通过采用两种不同的粒度预处理方案,对南海南部表层沉积物进行了粒度分析,探讨了生物硅对南海南部表层沉积物粒度结果的影响。结果表明,生物硅无论是对粒度组分、粒度参数,还是对沉积物类型都有显著的影响。同时,结合显微镜镜下涂片鉴定的硅质生物碎屑含量,认为要获取有效的南沙陆坡区的陆源沉积物的粒度分布特征需去除掉生物硅。通过对比发现南海南部表层沉积物生物硅的主要粒级分布范围为8~90μm。  相似文献   

8.
通过采用两种不同的粒度预处理方案,对南海南部表层沉积物进行了粒度分析,探讨了生物硅对南海南部表层沉积物粒度结果的影响。结果表明,生物硅无论是对粒度组分、粒度参数,还是对沉积物类型都有显著的影响。同时,结合显微镜镜下涂片鉴定的硅质生物碎屑含量,认为要获取有效的南沙陆坡区的陆源沉积物的粒度分布特征需去除掉生物硅。通过对比发现南海南部表层沉积物生物硅的主要粒级分布范围为8~90μm。  相似文献   

9.
采用共沉淀法分析测定了阳江核电站邻近海域2012—2013年海水样品总α、总β的放射性比活度、表层沉积物样品中总β的放射性比活度以及2013年生物样品中总β的放射性比活度。结果表明:2012—2013年两年间阳江核电站邻近海域海水中总α的放射性比活度范围为:0. 083~0. 205 Bq/L,平均值为0. 134 Bq/L;总β的放射性比活度范围为:0. 029~0. 059 Bq/L,平均值为0. 043 Bq/L。与渤海、黄海、东海、珠江口等其他海域相比,阳江核电邻近海域总α、总β放射性比活度水平相对较低。2012—2013年阳江核电站邻近海域表层沉积物中总β的放射性比活度范围为:620~1 125 Bq/kg (干重),平均值为814 Bq/kg (干重)。与渤海、黄海、东海、珠江口等各海域沉积物相比,研究海域沉积物中总β的放射性比活度位于中等水平。2013年阳江核电站邻近海域生物样品总β的放射性比活度范围为:16. 1~74. 7 Bq/kg,平均值为39. 4 Bq/kg,其中鱼类的总β平均值为64. 6 Bq/kg,虾类的总β平均值为36. 8 Bq/kg,贝类的总β平均值为16. 7 Bq/kg,呈现鱼类虾类贝类的分布趋势。  相似文献   

10.
渤海表层沉积物中的生物硅   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用0.1 mol/L HCl和1%Na2CO3两步连续提取法,对103个渤海表层沉积物样品的生物硅含量进行了分析,结果表明,渤海表层沉积物中生物硅含量范围为7.3~54.7 g/kg,均值31.5 g/kg,高于其他相关调查,原因可能是由于采用0.1 mol/L HCl提取过程中,破坏了生物硅表面的金属氧化膜。对沉积物生物硅含量的空间分布表征显示,莱州湾是沉积物生物硅的低值区、而渤海湾与辽东湾之间的河北沿岸海域是相对高值区,初步认为是陆源营养物质的输入与黄河泥沙长期不断输入干扰沉积环境的稳定性,造成了该海域表层沉积物生物硅分布差异。主成分分析显示,生物硅含量与沉积物黏粒含量、细粉砂、有机氮、有机碳的含量均呈极显著正相关(P0.01),进一步证实沉积物粒度特征和营养环境对生物硅积累的影响。  相似文献   

11.
冲绳海槽海底热液喷出口附近海水中210Pb和210Po的行为   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
讨论了在冲绳海槽伊平屋海岭和南奄西海丘两处海底热液喷出口附近海水中的铀系子体放射性核素210Pb和210Po浓度的垂直分布剖面.在伊平屋海岭,甲烷及222Rn的数据表明海底热液活动不强,总210Pb和210Po放射性均低于它们各自母体的放射性,210Pb和210Po在海水中的平均停留时间分别为20和2~5a,而在以“黑色烟雾”为特征的海底热液活动强烈的南奄西海丘,在”烟雾”中的总210Pb含量(0.167×10-3~2.50×10-3Bq/kg)相对其母体226Ra贫乏,而总210Po含量(1.83×10-3~2.83×10-3Bq/kg)则相对其母体210Pb过剩.该处海水中的210Po的放射性高于东海陆架区及冲绳海槽其他海区,并且显示了210Po过剩.210Pb/226Ra以及210Po/210Pb放射性比值的范围分别为0.1~0.4和1.1~7.8.在热液扩散带中210Pb被优先从海水中清除.控制南奄西海丘海水中210Pb浓度的可能机制涉及到210Pb通过扩散作用的横向输送.在热液扩散带中高210Po/210Pb放射性比值表明210Pb的耗尽及210Po从海底热液喷出口的加入.  相似文献   

12.
于2009年至2011年在黄河下游采集溶解及颗粒态营养盐样品,分析了黄河下游各形态营养盐的浓度变化及营养盐入海通量,结果表明各形态氮的浓度多呈丰水期低、枯水期高,溶解无机氮是溶解态氮的主要存在形式;受黄河高悬浮颗粒物含量的影响,磷以颗粒态占绝对优势,而溶解态磷以溶解无机磷为主要存在形态;生物硅的含量平均约占硅酸盐与生物硅之和的20%,硅的浓度丰水期高于枯水期.颗粒态磷与生物硅的含量与悬浮颗粒物含量呈正相关.营养盐的组成具有高氮磷比、高硅磷比、低硅氮比的特点.近年来黄河下游溶解无机氮浓度显著升高而溶解无机磷变化不大,硅酸盐的浓度有所下降.黄河下游水沙通量、营养盐入海通量有明显的季节变化,丰水期占全年总入海通量的42%~84%.调水调沙期间,各营养盐的浓度和组成均有明显变化,氮的浓度、DIN/PO4-P下降,磷与硅的浓度、SiO3-Si/DIN、SiO3-Si/PO4-P升高,颗粒态营养盐的比例明显增加.短期内大量水沙及营养盐入海通量对黄河口及渤海生态系统产生重要影响.  相似文献   

13.
2017年6月在珠江口及近岸海域61个站位采集了悬浮颗粒物生物硅(BSi,biogenic silica)和叶绿素a(Chl a)。利用RAGUENEAU et al(2005)提出的碱提取法测定了悬浮颗粒物生物硅,探讨不同环境条件下BSi浓度以及碱性提取液中岩源硅(LSi,lithogenic silica)的干扰程度。结果显示,Chl a质量浓度范围为0.06~8.64 μg·L-1,悬浮颗粒物BSi浓度从低于检测限到14.3 μmol·L-1,LSi浓度范围为0.00~9.56 μmol·L-1;LSi/(LSi+BSi)比均值为0.38 mol·mol-1。提取液中测得的Si/Al比均值为2.42 mol·mol-1,与RAGUENEAU et al(2005)报道值接近。研究区域内的表层BSi反映了硅藻的生物量,与Chl a存在显著线性相关。LSi对BSi测量的干扰程度存在明显的空间差异,总体上近岸BSi和LSi高,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比低;外海BSi和LSi低,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比高;河口内BSi低,LSi高,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比高;上升流区BSi和LSi高,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比高;底层较表层具有更高的LSi和LSi/(LSi+BSi)比。最后,对常用的几种碱提取法在应用时存在的问题作了探讨。  相似文献   

14.
The Kongsfjorden is highly sensitive region to climate variability, however, the study of gamma-ray radionuclides in related areas is relatively scarce. In this study, the grain size, total organic carbon(TOC), 13 Corg isotopes, and specific activities of seven gamma nuclides were analysed in surface sediments of the Kongsfjorden in the Arctic during the summer of 2017. The specific activities of 210 Pbex, 137 Cs, 238 U, 226 Ra, 228 Ra, 228 Th, and 40 K were 12–256 Bq/kg, 0–3.8 Bq/kg, 25–42 Bq/k...  相似文献   

15.
长江水下三角洲沉积层中高分辨生物硅(Bio-Si)曲线具有明显的波动规律,记录了该区硅藻生物量的季节性差异,据此对近14年来的沉积速率进行了估算。在1992~2005年里,该处沉积速率变化于1.2~3.4 cm/a之间,平均沉积速率2.1 cm/a,沉积速率与长江入海沙量具有较好的对应关系。研究结果表明长江水下三角洲Bio-Si沉积记录类似于季节性湖泊中的"年纹",可作为沉积速率估算的新指标。  相似文献   

16.
Biogenic silica sediment constitutes one of the critical sources of particle income in the oceans. In this paper, satellite remote sensing of primary production, sinking flux, and molar ratio of Si/C were utilized to elucidate potential biogenic silica sediment in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta. Primary production retrieval showed that daily primary production in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Delta was 3.3–10.8?Mt?d?1, with 5.8?Mt?d?1 on average. Sinking flux, retrieved with in situ observations and satellite remote sensing, was within the range of 109–657?mg?Cm?2?d?1, or about 23% of total primary production, on average. A molar ratio of Si/C of 0.11–0.45 interval was used in the area, for the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Delta was similar to coastal water and affected by many factors. Considering that phytoplankton in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta is mainly diatom (80% on average), about 0.21–0.88 billion tons of biogenic silica source sediment is produced in the area annually. With the reduction of land source sediment occurring in recent years in the area, biogenic silica sediment may be one of the dominant sediment sources for maintaining the future stability of the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta.  相似文献   

17.
Understanding phosphorus dynamics in marine environment is of great importance, and appropriate tracers for phosphorus cycling in oceans are invaluable. In this study, two methods were developed for extraction, purification, and determination of naturally occurring 32P and 33P in rainwater, marine plankton and sediments using both a low-level beta counter (LBC) and an ultra-low-level liquid scintillation spectrometer (LSS). Blanks, chemical yields and counting efficiencies were quantified for both methods. The chemical purification of 32P and 33P separated by both procedures was validated by their decay curves. The absorber thickness of aluminum for LBC was assessed as 39.2 mg/cm 2 . 32P and 33P specific activities in some rain samples were determined by both methods and showed good consistent results. The advantage of the LSS over the LBC is apparent in its high counting efficiency and in determining samples with high concentration of stable phosphorus. However, when measuring environmental samples with low concentration of stable phosphorus, such as rainwater, both methods can be used and each has its distinct advantage.  相似文献   

18.
A one-dimensional sediment model was developed by introducing the CIP-CSL2 scheme in the advection term. This enables us to represent fluctuations of the vertical profiles of 100 cm depth, which needs integrations on a longer timescale than 10 kyr, because this scheme avoids smoothing of the vertical profiles due to no numerical diffusion, instead of a commonly used forward scheme. Using the models with 10 and 100 cm depths (hereafter, called the 10 cm model and the 100 cm model, respectively) to predict the contents of biogenic silica and clay, we have evaluated the sedimentary responses to an abrupt change in the biogenic silica rain flux. When the rain flux of biogenic silica abruptly decreases, the 10 cm model underestimates the dissolution flux of biogenic silica compared with the 100 cm model. This is because only clay is supplied from the bottom boundary associated with excess dissolution and also because dissolution of biogenic silica below 10 cm depth is neglected by the 10 cm model. When we consider dissolved matter inputs from sediments to marine biogiochemical cycles, simulations by the 100 cm model would lead to more realistic responses in sediments.  相似文献   

19.
Salt marshes are widely studied due to the broad range of ecosystem services they provide including serving as crucial wildlife habitat and as hotspots for biogeochemical cycling. Nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) are well studied in these systems. However, salt marshes may also be important environments for the cycling of another key nutrient, silica (Si). Found at the land–sea interface, these systems are silica replete with large stocks in plant biomass, sediments, and porewater, and therefore, have the potential to play a substantial role in the transformation and export of silica to coastal waters. In an effort to better understand this role, we measured the fluxes of dissolved (DSi) and biogenic (BSi) silica into and out of two tidal creeks in a temperate, North American (Rowley, Massachusetts, USA) salt marsh. One of the creeks has been fertilized from May to September for six years allowing us to examine the impacts of nutrient addition on silica dynamics within the marsh. High-resolution sampling in July 2010 showed no significant differences in Si concentrations between the fertilized and reference creeks with dissolved silica ranging from 0.5 to 108 μM and biogenic from 2.0 to 56 μM. Net fluxes indicated that the marsh is a point source of dissolved silica to the estuary in the summer with a net flux of approximately 169 mol h−1, demonstrating that this system exports DSi on the same magnitude as some nearby, mid-sized rivers. If these findings hold true for all salt marshes, then these already valuable regions are contributing yet another ecosystem service that has been previously overlooked; by exporting DSi to coastal receiving waters, salt marshes are actively providing this important nutrient for coastal primary productivity.  相似文献   

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