共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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早在50年代, Kellogg, Scheyil1l, Evans和Norris等人分别记录和研究了海豚的声信号, Schevill和 Lawrence通过实验有力地证实了海豚具有很好的回声定位能力。60年代以来,各国对海豚动物声呐进行了广泛研究,取得了很大进展。多年来,不少国外学者在实验工作的基础上对海豚的声发射与接收机制提出了一些近似的物理模型,不同程度地解释了一些海豚声呐系统中的现象,但与仿生学的综合研究的目标还相距甚远。对海豚水下声信号进行深入的定量测量与分析,仍是海豚仿生学中一项重要的基础工作,它对进一步研究、改进水下声学探测设备和强背景噪声下弱信号的识別与检测都有着实际指导意义。目前在大约五十余种海豚中,除对胆鼻海豚(Tursiops truncates)国外有过较多的研究外,对其他海豚的研究则很少。
江豚属齿鲸亚目,是体型最小的一种海豚。它主要分布在日本海和中国及东南亚各国沿岸海域,在中国长江口分布最为集中。每年3,4月份江豚到长江口一带生殖,有时沿江深入甚远。日本学者 Kazuhiro Mizue等(1968)和英国的Purves(1983)都对江豚的水下声信号作过记录与测量,但Kazuhiro Mizue等只记录到4kHz, Purves也只记录了30Hz-35kHz的信号;遗憾的是,由于信噪比太低,他们都没有进行详细的频谱分析。本实验所记录到的江豚声信号,由于记录器频带范围的限制,频率范围仅是40Hz-70kHz,其中包括了几种不同波形的较高频和低频脉冲信号,本实验对其频谱和周期作了较为详细的分析测量。 相似文献
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根据2017年中国第33次南极科考期间获取的普里兹湾虎鲸声信号观测资料,采用Teager能量算子法对虎鲸回声定位信号进行了检测,并分析了其脉冲间隔的统计特征。对115段回声定位信号的参数分析结果显示:脉冲间隔的范围为10.5～183.5 ms,均值与标准差分别为67.5和27.6 ms。进一步分析,发现脉冲间隔数值的变化具有显著的规律性,根据拟合表达式可以将信号分成5种类型:加速型、减速型、匀速型、先减速后加速型、先加速后减速型。其中减速型的总体占比最高,为58.3%;其次为匀速型与加速型,分别为20.0%,14.8%;其余2类占比最低,均仅为3.5%。普里兹湾虎鲸回声定位信号脉冲间隔规律性变化可能是虎鲸调节其信号以适应活动海域多海冰环境的结果。此外,加速型、减速型、匀速型与先减速后加速型、先加速后减速型的脉冲间隔参数存在较大差异,且后2种类型的-3 dB带宽以及峰值频率与脉冲间隔存在显著的负相关关系,这表明虎鲸在发出后两种类型的回声定位信号时处理的情况与前3种类型相比可能更为复杂与特殊。 相似文献
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江豚(Neophocaena phocaenoides G. Cuvier)俗称江猪,属鲸目(Cetacea),齿鯨亚目(Odontoceti),鼠海豚科,是海豚类中最小型的一种,也是我国沿海最常见的一种近岸小型无鰭鼠海豚。一般体长不超过2米,体重约30-80公斤,如图1照片所示。
江豚与其他海洋哺乳动物一祥,能发出多变的声信号,而且每一种声信号都受其生态行为的支配。发声系统是它们赖以生存的重要官能。海豚用其发射的声信号测定水下目标的距离、方位和大小,以至判断其形状,因而能有效的绕过障碍,避开或驱逐来犯之敌。依靠其声信号能更有效的捕获足够的食物,营养自身,抚育后代。声信号是海洋哺乳类动物在自然界进行生存斗争的有利武器。声信号又是海洋哺乳动物的语言,借以进行“社会”联络和通讯,甚至教育它们的后代。为此。人们把它们的这种功能称作“第六官能”(sixth sense)。
观察海兽类的声学行为,测试分析其声信号的结构和物理特性,是揭示它们的回声定位系统的机制,破译其“语言”奥密所必不可少的一步。从而将为驯养它们成为人类的水下得力“助手”提供可靠的实验方案,也将为仿生学等新的学科研究提供有效的理论依据。
本实验是为了把江豚驯养成“水下警犬”使其在海湾、河口进行人工放养鱼群的放牧,以及协助人类进行水下作业等目的而进行的基础工作,也是研究海洋哺乳动物回声定位的发射与接收机制的探索。实验工作是在一定的半自然条件下,对江豚某些生态行为下的声信号作了较详细的记录与分析。 相似文献
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简要介绍了液电效应及等离子体声源的一些基本情况，并根据实验采集到的不同等离子声源数据，选取了其中 2 组进行分析。对实验采集到的等离子声源单次脉冲声信号和脉冲串声信号进行了时域信号分析，通过 MATLAB 软件计算了信号在不同时刻的能量幅值。随后，在频域对信号进行频谱分析，通过 FFT 变换分析了信号在频域范围内的能量分布。之后，对信号的功率谱进行了估计，用 PSD 算法分析了能量在不同频率上的分布信息，得出了等离子体声源信号频率范围广、低频能量大的结论。最后，结合等离子体声源信号频率及能量分布情况，对等离子体声源在水声领域的应用前景进行了分析。 相似文献
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研究液体中声吸收对三种具有不同波形的脉冲光声信号的影响，把吸声介质视为一个线性、时空不变的低通滤波器，得到了考虑声吸收后光声脉冲的幅值和波形随传播距离变化的表达式。 相似文献
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赵冬艳 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2021,4(5):416-420
介绍了一种猎雷声呐脉冲信号被动定位的测向方法。反猎水雷采用被动声自导方式,利用猎雷声呐发射的窄带脉冲信号,采用自适应 notch 滤波器估计信号的包络、频率、相位差。采用时延差粗测与相位差精测相结合的方法实现时延估计。此方法不仅对 CW 脉冲信号可测向、测距,还可适用于调频、跳频信号。 该方法已通过仿真及实测数据验证有效。 相似文献
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针对主动声探测脉冲偶发、短时、超声、单频、大动态的特点，传统的微弱信号采集电路已不能满足对其探测捕获的需求。提出了一种多级放大多路同步采集的电路系统，对预处理的信号进行多级放大。 由 DSP 同时对多级输出信号进行采集与识别，将采集的某路合适信号进行分析并重构回波。该方法有效地提高了系统的实时性，满足实际情况下对主动探测脉冲的捕获与分析重构。 相似文献
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白鱀豚哨叫声的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于1996年1月,在中国科学院水生生物研究所白暨豚馆人工饲养池和湖北省石首市天鹅洲长江故道,使用频响范围分别为0－100kHz和0－16kHz的磁带记录系统,记录了一头成年雄性和一头成年雌性白暨豚的哨叫声。采用计算机信号分析系统详细分析了哨叫声的结构和声谱图,并与其它鲸类哨叫声进行比较。结果表明,白暨豚哨叫声的最大和最小频率平均值分别为5841Hz和4975Hz,频率变化幅度一般小于1000Hz。哨叫声平均持续时间为907ms。频率随时间变化不连续,且较平缓,起伏很少,有部分重叠现象。白暨豚哨叫声的结构与另一种淡水豚─—亚河豚相近,但相对于一些海洋性种类（如宽吻海豚）则呈现较大的差异,表现出对环境的高度适应性。 相似文献
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浅地层剖面系统在海洋工程勘察、海洋矿产资源探测等方面发挥着重要的作用。美国EdgeTech公司生产的3200系列是一种应用较为广泛的Chirp信号浅地层剖面系统,该仪器原始记录的JSF格式数据与传统的SEGY地震数据格式存在很多不同的地方,具体体现在文件头和道头部分,特别是数据记录方式上它同时记录了包络信号和振幅信号两种类型的数据。因此,编写适用的C程序代码将JSF原始数据转换为包络信号和振幅信号两种类型的SEG-Y标准地震数据,并运用该程序读取并转换了南海北部某区域的实测浅剖数据,并分析了浅剖资料解释中采用包络信号数据的原因,为利用振幅信号数据反演海底反射系数等后续工作奠定了基础。 相似文献
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本文设计了一套基于FPGA的鲸豚声信号实时数据采集与分析系统,在采集存储水族馆内声信号的同时,应用改进的HHT算法处理鲸豚叫声中的click信号,实现实时的甄别瓶鼻海豚和白鲸功能,可用于针对大型哺乳动物的远洋实时跟踪科考。 相似文献
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L. J. Paul 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):343-348
The ultrasonic signals of dolphins show as “interference noise” on an echo‐sounder record. Some records obtained from Delphinus delphis in Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, suggest that these emissions were being used for echo‐ranging, a phenomenon well established by previous work. Possible uses of such records in studying dolphin behaviour are explained. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
For more than a decade, interactions between humans and Hawaiian spinner dolphins in their resting bays have been a concern for members of the general public, managers, scientists, policymakers, and tour operators. Hawaiian spinner dolphins are the target of a large wildlife tourism industry due to their predictable daytime resting behavior and presence in coastal areas. Using results from passive acoustic monitoring between January 2011 and March 2013 on the Kona coast of Hawai‛i Island, USA, the relative importance of four known Hawaiian spinner dolphin resting bays, the contribution of anthropogenic noise including vessel noise to the four bay soundscapes, and the dolphins' response to human activities were assessed. Here the findings are summarized and visualized and recommendations are provided for action to regulate directed dolphin watching and ensuing unauthorized takes under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. These findings and recommendations have implications for the federal government's ongoing efforts to implement rules that protect Hawaiian spinner dolphins in their resting bays. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(8):1421-1444
Toothed whales produce short, ultrasonic clicks of high directionality and source level to probe their environment acoustically. This process, termed echolocation, is to a large part governed by the properties of the emitted clicks. Therefore derivation of click source parameters from free-ranging animals is of increasing importance to understand both how toothed whales use echolocation in the wild and how they may be monitored acoustically. This paper addresses how source parameters can be derived from free-ranging toothed whales in the wild using calibrated multi-hydrophone arrays and digital recorders. We outline the properties required of hydrophones, amplifiers and analog to digital converters, and discuss the problems of recording echolocation clicks on the axis of a directional sound beam. For accurate localization the hydrophone array apertures must be adapted and scaled to the behavior of, and the range to, the clicking animal, and precise information on hydrophone locations is critical. We provide examples of localization routines and outline sources of error that lead to uncertainties in localizing clicking animals in time and space. Furthermore we explore approaches to time series analysis of discrete versions of toothed whale clicks that are meaningful in a biosonar context. 相似文献
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Many odontocetes die annually in gillnet fisheries. Why they become entangled is not yet clear. Maybe some species detect the nets too late to avoid collision. Therefore, the target strength of 11 types of bottom-set gillnets was measured under 0 and 45 degrees angles of incidence. From these target strengths and from knowledge on the echolocation abilities of two odontocete species (harbour porpoises, bottlenose dolphins), the detection ranges of the nets by these small cetaceans could be estimated. The 90% detection range by echolocating harbour porpoises, approaching the nets at right (perpendicular) angles under low noise level conditions, varied between 3 and 6 m depending on the net type. For bottlenose dolphins, under high noise conditions, the 90% detection range varied between 25 and 55 m. At other angles of approach, the estimated detection ranges are shorter. The study suggests that echolocating bottlenose dolphins can detect nets in time to avoid collision, whereas echolocating harbour porpoises cannot in most cases. Suggestions for future research to reduce small cetacean bycatch by improving the nets' detectability by echolocation are given. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):393-401
The presence and movement of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus were investigated using shore-based observations made during a humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae migration survey at Cape Vidal, South Africa, undertaken between June and October 1988–1991. Occurrence was analysed as counts of dolphin sightings per hour within a generalised estimating equation framework. Bottlenose dolphin sightings decreased throughout the daily survey period, and there was a small seasonal peak in sightings during August. Data on movement trajectory were collected using a theodolite for 60% of the groups of dolphins sighted. Most groups were observed travelling in a northerly direction, with few groups recorded moving south. A generalised linear model indicated that northward-travelling dolphins were located closer to shore, travelled at higher speeds, and occurred in bigger groups under low-tide conditions, than those seen moving in a southerly direction. The southward-flowing Agulhas Current is close to shore at Cape Vidal, where the continental shelf is particularly narrow. We suggest that bottlenose dolphins in this area have adopted a specific movement regime to cope with the consistent fast-flowing currents that dominate their environment at Cape Vidal. 相似文献
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A central question to any understanding of ecology is how animals use their habitat, and how habitat use is influenced by temporally changing features of the environment. Previous research on Hector's dolphins at Akaroa Harbour, New Zealand suggested that dolphins leave inshore, harbour environments during or after rough weather. To test this hypothesis, visual sightings (2000–2012) and acoustic detections (2007–2008) of Hector's dolphins in Akaroa Harbour were modelled to test for a relationship with swell height and swell direction. Sighting rates and acoustic detection rates in Akaroa Harbour were significantly lower on days after big swell events and in some linear models after swell events from the south. These results indicate that swell events influence Hector's dolphin movements in and around Akaroa Harbour. Possible reasons for this behaviour are diverse and need further investigation. However, this information can be used both to predict daily dolphin movement for conservation and research purposes, and to suggest how dolphins may react in future if extreme weather events are becoming frequent. 相似文献
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Behavioral response of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) to vessel traffic 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A series of land-based surveys were conducted at two vantage points of known dolphin abundance in Hong Kong. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavioral response of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) to vessel traffic. Results indicated that dolphins dove for a longer duration in areas of heavy vessel traffic or when there was the presence of an oncoming vessel. Dependent upon the type of vessel and the relative distance, dolphins might flee, continue their ongoing activity, perform a new activity, or approach the vessel. Whilst slow-moving vessels appeared not to cause immediate stress on the dolphin community, fast-moving vessels often cause disruption of behavior and social life. In order to ensure a better environment for the animals, we suggest that proactive conservation measures such as the creation of a marine park, rules and regulations for dolphin watching activities, and regional control of vessel speed should be implemented. 相似文献