共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 259 毫秒
1.
在常规地震采集中,被动源地震波场往往被视为噪声而去除,这就造成了部分有用信息的丢失.在目标区进行主动源和被动源弹性波地震数据的多分量混合采集,并对两种数据进行联合应用,使其在照明和频带上优势互补,能显著提高成像和反演的质量.本文针对两种不同类型的主被动源混采地震数据,分别提出了相应的联合全波形反演方法.首先,针对主动源与瞬态被动源弹性波混采地震数据,为充分利用被动源对深部照明的优势,同时有效压制被动震源点附近的成像异常值,提出了基于动态随机组合的弹性波被动源照明补偿反演策略.然后,针对低频缺失主动源与背景噪声型被动源弹性波混采地震数据,为充分利用被动源波场携带的低频信息,并避免对被动源的定位和子波估计,提出了基于地震干涉与不依赖子波算法的弹性波主被动源串联反演策略.最后,分别将两种方法在Marmousi模型上进行反演测试.结果说明,综合利用主动源和被动源弹性波混采地震数据,不仅能增强深部弹性参数反演效果,还能更好地构建弹性参数模型的宏观结构,并有助于缓解常规弹性波全波形反演的跳周问题. 相似文献
2.
The paper discusses microseismic monitoring during oil well stimulation by hydraulic fracturing, an emergent technology used
for hydraulic fracturing layer control. The passive monitoring is a new widely developing technology of HFL control. The main
factor affecting the results of passive seismic monitoring is the event location accuracy. The passive monitoring acquisition
system utilizes one three components seismic probe deployed into the observation well. To evaluate the location accuracy of
induced events for one observation well we applied traditional kinematic approach based on picking of earthquake P- and S-waves arrivals. The influence of geometric parameters of geophones location in a borehole, their quantity, picking errors
of waves arrivals on the accuracy of microearthquakes location is studied. 相似文献
3.
本文提出了两种情况下主动源数据和被动源数据的插值方法,并研究了两种数据在偏移成像中的互补效果.基于互相关法被动源数据重构原理,本文提出了结合多域迭代去噪技术的重构方法.提出了两种时间域主动源和被动源数据的插值方法,分别是共炮点域能量匹配插值和共检波点域最小平方匹配插值.然后对获得的主动源和被动源联合地震数据进行叠前深度偏移成像.在被动源活跃度不是很高的地区进行被动源地震勘探时,少量的主动源地震数据可以有效控制和补充被动源数据的成像效果.在稀疏炮点的主动源勘探中,有效利用被动源的信息能够在成像中增加更多的细节信息,提高成像质量. 相似文献
4.
Site survey and assessment for the planned seismogeodynamic monitoring network in the Republic of Armenia 
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下载免费PDF全文 We present results of a detailed analysis of data obtained from seismic geodynamic field studies conducted at proposed sites for the development of advanced seismic monitoring stations in the Republic of Armenia. These studies aim to determine the background seismic and geodynamic noise level around such sites. Finally, based on the received data and international standards, nine survey points were classified into respective classes according to their noise level. We also calculated minimum significant earthquake magnitude detectable by the proposed seismic network in different regions of Armenia and mapped it based on recorded regional earthquakes. The resulting map indicates that the proposed seismic monitoring network will provide homogenous initial data for the various seismically active regions of the territory of the Republic of Armenia. 相似文献
5.
I. Ya. Chebotareva 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(3):199-215
Two new algorithms of seismic emission tomography and the results of their numerical testing are presented. The algorithms
allow eliminating of the screening effect caused by spatially correlated noise, and imaging of deep weak sources. Both algorithms
invoke spatial filters, calculated on the basis of singular decomposition of the spectral matrix of the wave field. The key
parameter of such a filter is the number of eigenvectors of the spectral matrix, which must be rejected in the process of
seismic emission imaging in order to eliminate the screening effect. Consecutive increasing in the number of rejected eigenvectors
enables imaging of ever weaker seismic sources. 相似文献
6.
M. Behm 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(2):563-580
The analysis of seismic ambient noise acquired during temporary or permanent microseismic monitoring campaigns (e.g., improved/enhanced oil recovery monitoring, surveillance of induced seismicity) is potentially well suited for time‐lapse studies based on seismic interferometry. No additional data acquisition required, ambient noise processing can be automatized to a high degree, and seismic interferometry is very sensitive to small medium changes. Thus there is an opportunity for detection and monitoring of velocity variations in a reservoir at negligible additional cost and effort. Data and results are presented from an ambient noise interferometry study applied to two wells in a producing oil field in Romania. Borehole microseismic monitoring on three component geophones was performed for four weeks, concurrent with a water‐flooding phase for improved oil recovery from a reservoir in ca. 1 km depth. Both low‐frequency (2 Hz–50 Hz) P‐ and S‐waves propagating through the vertical borehole arrays were reconstructed from ambient noise by the virtual source method. The obtained interferograms clearly indicate an origin of the ambient seismic energy from above the arrays, thus suggesting surface activities as sources. It is shown that ambient noise from time periods as short as 30 seconds is sufficient to obtain robust interferograms. Sonic log data confirm that the vertical and horizontal components comprise first arrivals of P‐wave and S‐waves, respectively. The consistency and high quality of the interferograms throughout the entire observation period further indicate that the high‐frequency part (up to 100 Hz) represents the scattered wave field. The temporal variation of apparent velocities based on first‐arrival times partly correlates with the water injection rate and occurrence of microseismic events. It is concluded that borehole ambient noise interferometry in production settings is a potentially useful method for permanent reservoir monitoring due to its high sensitivity and robustness. 相似文献
7.
Among engineers there is considerable interest in the real-time identification of “events” within time series data with a low signal to noise ratio. This is especially true for acoustic emission analysis, which is utilized to assess the integrity and safety of many structures and is also applied in the field of passive seismic monitoring (PSM). Here an array of seismic receivers are used to acquire acoustic signals to monitor locations where seismic activity is expected: underground excavations, deep open pits and quarries, reservoirs into which fluids are injected or from which fluids are produced, permeable subsurface formations, or sites of large underground explosions. The most important element of PSM is event detection: the monitoring of seismic acoustic emissions is a continuous, real-time process which typically runs 24?h a day, 7?days a week, and therefore a PSM system with poor event detection can easily acquire terabytes of useless data as it does not identify crucial acoustic events. This paper outlines a new algorithm developed for this application, the so-called SEED? (Signal Enhancement and Event Detection) algorithm. The SEED? algorithm uses real-time Bayesian recursive estimation digital filtering techniques for PSM signal enhancement and event detection. 相似文献
8.
R.E. Jackson A.W. Gorody B. Mayer J.W. Roy M.C. Ryan D.R. Van Stempvoort 《Ground water》2013,51(4):488-510
Unconventional natural gas extraction from tight sandstones, shales, and some coal‐beds is typically accomplished by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing that is necessary for economic development of these new hydrocarbon resources. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential for contamination of shallow groundwater by stray gases, formation waters, and fracturing chemicals associated with unconventional gas exploration. A lack of sound scientific hydrogeological field observations and a scarcity of published peer‐reviewed articles on the effects of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas activities on shallow groundwater make it difficult to address these issues. Here, we discuss several case studies related to both conventional and unconventional oil and gas activities illustrating how under some circumstances stray or fugitive gas from deep gas‐rich formations has migrated from the subsurface into shallow aquifers and how it has affected groundwater quality. Examples include impacts of uncemented well annuli in areas of historic drilling operations, effects related to poor cement bonding in both new and old hydrocarbon wells, and ineffective cementing practices. We also summarize studies describing how structural features influence the role of natural and induced fractures as contaminant fluid migration pathways. On the basis of these studies, we identify two areas where field‐focused research is urgently needed to fill current science gaps related to unconventional gas extraction: (1) baseline geochemical mapping (with time series sampling from a sufficient network of groundwater monitoring wells) and (2) field testing of potential mechanisms and pathways by which hydrocarbon gases, reservoir fluids, and fracturing chemicals might potentially invade and contaminate useable groundwater. 相似文献
9.
将基于倾角扫描的奇异值分解与经验模式分解法相结合应用到地震资料随机噪声压制中。首先利用经验模式分解法消除部分噪声,增强地震道有效信号的相关性,再利用奇异值分解对地震信号进行同相轴自动追踪,截取小时窗数据体,并进行同相轴拉平处理,经SVD计算小时窗数据中心点的值来代替计算样点的值,最终实现随机噪声的压制。理论模型试算和实际资料处理表明,本文提出的EMD-SVD方法简单易行,比单一的SVD方法去噪效果更显著有效地消除了地震资料中的随机噪声,提高了地震资料的信噪比,并改善了叠加剖面的质量。 相似文献
10.
A. F. Kushnir A. V. Varypaev M. V. Rozhkov A. G. Epiphansky I. Dricker 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2014,50(3):334-354
The world experience shows that hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is an efficient tool for increasing oil and gas production of low-permeable reservoirs in hydrocarbon fields. The fracking-induced fractures in the rock, which are hydrodynamically connected with the wells, significantly enhance the volumes of extracted hydrocarbons. Controlling the processes of fracture formation and propagation is a vital question in the oil and gas reservoir management. A key means to implement this control is provided by microseismic monitoring of fracking, which makes it possible to promptly reconstruct the geometry of the fractures from the data on seismic waves from the microearthquakes induced by the formation and propagation of fractures. 相似文献
11.
I. Ya. Chebotareva 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(3):187-198
Two new algorithms of seismic emission tomography and the results of their numerical testing are presented. The algorithms allow eliminating of the screening effect caused by spatially correlated noise, and imaging of deep weak sources. Both algorithms invoke spatial filters, calculated on the basis of singular decomposition of the spectral matrix of the wave field. The key parameter of such a filter is the number of eigenvectors of the spectral matrix, which must be rejected in the process of seismic emission imaging in order to eliminate the screening effect. Consecutive increasing in the number of rejected eigenvectors enables imaging of ever weaker seismic sources. 相似文献
12.
13.
Ambient noise as the new source for urban engineering seismology and earthquake engineering: a case study from Beijing metropolitan area 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In highly populated urban centers, traditional seismic survey sources can no longer be properly applied due to restrictions in modern civilian life styles. The ambient vibration noise, including both microseisms and microtremor, though are generally weak but available anywhere and anytime, can be an ideal supplementary source for conducting seismic surveys for engineering seismology and earthquake engineering. This is fundamentally supported by advanced digital signal processing techniques for effectively extracting the useful information out from the noise. Thus, it can be essentially regarded as a passive seismic method. In this paper we first make a brief survey of the ambient vibration noise, followed by a quick summary of digital signal processing for passive seismic surveys. Then the applications of ambient noise in engineering seismology and earthquake engineering for urban settings are illustrated with examples from Beijing metropolitan area. For engineering seismology the example is the assessment of site effect in a large area via microtremor observations. For earthquake engineering the example is for structural characterization of a typical reinforced concrete high-rise building using background vibration noise. By showing these examples we argue that the ambient noise can be treated as a new source that is economical, practical, and particularly valuable to engineering seismology and earthquake engineering projects for seismic hazard mitigation in urban areas. 相似文献
14.
Greater attention has been paid to vintage-merge processing of seismic data and extracting more valuable information by the geophysicist. A match filter is used within many important areas such as splicing seismic data, matching seismic data with different ages and sources, 4-D seismic monitoring, and so on. The traditional match filtering method is subject to many restrictions and is usually difficult to overcome the impact of noise. Based on the traditional match filter, we propose the wavelet domain L1 norm optimal matching filter. In this paper, two different types of seismic data are decomposed to the wavelet domain, different detailed effective information is extracted for L1-norm optimal matching, and ideal results are achieved. Based on the model test, we find that the L1 norm optimal matching filter attenuates the noise and the waveform, amplitude, and phase coherence of result signals are better than the conventional method. The field data test shows that, with our method, the seismic events in the filter results have better continuity which achieves the high precision seismic match requirements. 相似文献
15.
由于城市化进程加快,人为干扰因素逐渐增多,地震观测数据质量受到严重的影响。通过对赵县地震台地表及深井地震计记录的数据进行幅频、功率谱分析,并对比二者的地震监测能力等,分析发现:与地面观测相比,深井地震计在避免噪声及提高地震监测能力范围方面具有更大优势,观测数据精度能提高1—2个数量级。通过总结分析地表及深井地震计记录的优缺点,为测震台网今后的发展方向提供依据。 相似文献
16.
Passive seismic has recently attracted a great deal of attention because non‐artificial source is used in subsurface imaging. The utilization of passive source is low cost compared with artificial‐source exploration. In general, constructing virtual shot gathers by using cross‐correlation is a preliminary step in passive seismic data processing, which provides the basis for applying conventional seismic processing methods. However, the subsurface structure is not uniformly illuminated by passive sources, which leads to that the ray path of passive seismic does not fit the hyperbolic hypothesis. Thereby, travel time is incorrect in the virtual shot gathers. Besides, the cross‐correlation results are contaminated by incoherent noise since the passive sources are always natural. Such noise is kinematically similar to seismic events and challenging to be attenuated, which will inevitably reduce the accuracy in the subsequent process. Although primary estimation for transient‐source seismic data has already been proposed, it is not feasible to noise‐source seismic data due to the incoherent noise. To overcome the above problems, we proposed to combine focal transform and local similarity into a highly integrated operator and then added it into the closed‐loop surface‐related multiple elimination based on the 3D L1‐norm sparse inversion framework. Results proved that the method was capable of reliably estimating noise‐free primaries and correcting travel time at far offsets for a foresaid virtual shot gathers in a simultaneous closed‐loop inversion manner. 相似文献
17.
微地震监测被广泛应用于非常规油气资源的水力压裂作业、油藏描绘和水驱前缘监测工程中.微地震定位采用的初始速度模型一般是基于地震测井记录和射孔数据建立,该速度模型的不准确性易引起定位误差.为降低这种定位误差,本文发展了一种微地震定位和各向异性速度结构同时反演的方法.研究对象为1-D的层状TI介质,其中对称轴方向任意.利用改进的分区多步最短路径算法计算qP、qSV和qSH波的到达时间和射线路径,结合共轭梯度法求解带约束的阻尼最小二乘问题.数值模拟结果表明,该算法能同时进行各向异性速度结构模型(每层的Thomsen参数和界面深度)和微震震源参数(空间坐标和发震时刻)的反演,并且对随机噪声不敏感,有利于实际工程应用. 相似文献
18.
Abstract Large volumes of groundwater are contained in the deep intermontane valleys of Basin and Range regions. Determining the shape and storage capacity of these basins by drilling can be expensive and difficult because of the depth of alluvium and large areas involved. These difficulties can often be overcome by combining gravimetric and seismic refraction interpretations. The basin boundaries are determined by gravimetric methods, with bulk density samples taken of all representative formations. Density values can then be correlated with seismic velocities to estimate subsurface porosities. Studies indicate that seismic velocity varies inversely with porosity for the alluvial deposits. These values can be correlated with their respective formations in the basin from geologic sections derived from the seismic refraction survey. Thus, with volume and porosity of the alluvium known, storage capacity (both present and potential) can be computed. 相似文献
19.
通过收集广东及其邻域104个固定地震台站近10个月的垂直分量连续波形数据资料, 使用地震背景噪声互相关格林函数方法, 获得了大部分台站对的背景噪声互相关曲线. 基于这些对称叠加的互相关曲线, 利用时频分析方法, 进一步提取了该地区周期为5—40 s的基阶瑞雷波群速度频散曲线. 其噪声来源分析结果显示: 广东及其邻域的噪声场来源有很强的方向性, 短周期(5—10 s)噪声主要来自东南方向, 范围基本与海岸线分布一致, 可能是由于近海水陆相互作用产生的;较长周期 (15—30 s) 噪声主要来自三大洋的方位. 以这些提取的噪声面波资料为基础, 采用噪声面波层析成像方法反演得到了该地区周期为5—28 s的瑞雷波群速度层析成像图, 从该图可以看出, 广东及其邻域地下结构的横向变化总体较小, 沉积层厚度较薄, 地壳中可能普遍存在一个低速层;从研究区历史地震的分布及其表层地质构造的发育特征来看, 地震主要分布在高、低速过渡带附近, 表明面波群速度与地震之间具有较强的耦合关系;从群速度的低速异常特征来看, 广东及其邻域普遍分布的温泉和高地热主要受深部构造的控制和影响. 相似文献
20.
W. Cao S. M. Hanafy G. T. Schuster G. Zhan C. Boonyasiriwat 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(1):1-17
Time reversal mirrors can be used to backpropagate and refocus incident wavefields to their actual source location, with the subsequent benefits of imaging with high‐resolution and super‐stacking properties. These benefits of time reversal mirrors have been previously verified with computer simulations and laboratory experiments but not with exploration‐scale seismic data. We now demonstrate the high‐resolution and the super‐stacking properties in locating seismic sources with field seismic data that include multiple scattering. Tests on both synthetic data and field data show that a time reversal mirror has the potential to exceed the Rayleigh resolution limit by factors of 4 or more. Results also show that a time reversal mirror has a significant resilience to strong Gaussian noise and that accurate imaging of source locations from passive seismic data can be accomplished with traces having signal‐to‐noise ratios as low as 0.001. Synthetic tests also demonstrate that time reversal mirrors can sometimes enhance the signal by a factor proportional to the square root of the product of the number of traces, denoted as N and the number of events in the traces. This enhancement property is denoted as super‐stacking and greatly exceeds the classical signal‐to‐noise enhancement factor of . High‐resolution and super‐stacking are properties also enjoyed by seismic interferometry and reverse‐time migration with the exact velocity model. 相似文献