共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
《应用地球物理》2015,(4)
被动源地震数据包含丰富的低频信息,本文有效地提取并利用这些信息对缺失低频的主动源地震数据进行低频重构,提出了基于多正弦窗的被动源多窗谱重构方法,并给出了相应的多震源多道重构公式。与常规互相关法和常规反褶积法重构的被动源记录相比,该方法能重构出更为准确的相对振幅信息。通过分析被动源数据重构前后的频谱特性,发现被动源的低频特性在重构和去噪处理后能更明显的体现出来。并提出了一种用被动源数据重构主动源低频信息的方法,即在功率谱上进行匹配,并在频域进行补偿和平滑。最后进行了数值算例的验证,对低频重构后的数据进行了叠前深度偏移处理。能量匹配方法能够用被动源的低频信息有效地重构主动源缺失的低频信息,低频重构后的记录在偏移成像中能体现更多的细节信息和深部构造。 相似文献
2.
《应用地球物理》2019,(3)
随着地震勘探技术的进步,被动源数据越来越受到重视,噪声型被动源数据在自然界和工业生产中广泛存在,利用好被动源数据对随钻测井,大尺度构造勘探等领域有重要意义。本文针对噪声性被动源地震数据等特性,提出了基于波场分离归一化成像条件的被动源数据多次波逆时偏移成像方法。不同于地震干涉法,本方法不需要重构虚拟炮集,对噪声型被动源数据本身偏移成像。将逆时偏移结合多次波成像的边界条件应用于被动源地震数据,并采用波场分离的方法消除逆时偏移的低频噪声问题,同时采用能量归一化的成像条件,克服了被动源震源分布不均匀导致成像能量比例失调问题,同时增强了边缘和深部地层成像质量,且计算效率高。最后用Marmousi模型进行测试,证明了本方法的有效性。 相似文献
3.
基于常规地震干涉法和地震超越干涉法,提出了SI和BSI的结合方法SIBSI,即在SI被动源低频信息提取的基础上,重构主动源BSI地震数据,并利用BSI进行格林函数重构和面向目标的Marchenko成像.研究了基于频率优势的主动源低频重构方法,在完整保留了主动源信号高频信息的基础上,有效重构了低频信息,拓宽了地震数据的频带范围.讨论了含有自由表面多次波的地震数据在Marchenko成像中应用的方法.设计了一个含有高阻抗地层的模型,在该模型上使用SI低频信息重构BSI主动源地震数据,最后与纯主动源地震数据的格林函数重构和Marchenko成像进行了对比,证明了本文所提出方法的有效性、抗噪性以及在提高成像效果中的优势. 相似文献
4.
在常规地震采集中,被动源地震波场往往被视为噪声而去除,这就造成了部分有用信息的丢失.在目标区进行主动源和被动源弹性波地震数据的多分量混合采集,并对两种数据进行联合应用,使其在照明和频带上优势互补,能显著提高成像和反演的质量.本文针对两种不同类型的主被动源混采地震数据,分别提出了相应的联合全波形反演方法.首先,针对主动源与瞬态被动源弹性波混采地震数据,为充分利用被动源对深部照明的优势,同时有效压制被动震源点附近的成像异常值,提出了基于动态随机组合的弹性波被动源照明补偿反演策略.然后,针对低频缺失主动源与背景噪声型被动源弹性波混采地震数据,为充分利用被动源波场携带的低频信息,并避免对被动源的定位和子波估计,提出了基于地震干涉与不依赖子波算法的弹性波主被动源串联反演策略.最后,分别将两种方法在Marmousi模型上进行反演测试.结果说明,综合利用主动源和被动源弹性波混采地震数据,不仅能增强深部弹性参数反演效果,还能更好地构建弹性参数模型的宏观结构,并有助于缓解常规弹性波全波形反演的跳周问题. 相似文献
5.
被动源面波和体波成像在内蒙古浅覆盖区勘探应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地震勘探具有勘探深度和分辨率的优势,在矿产勘探中多被采用.但主动源反射地震具有成本高、在矿区采集困难等难题,限制了其广泛应用.无需主动源激发、利用天然噪声的被动源地震应用于勘探,可成为其低成本替代选项.本文在内蒙古浅覆盖区矿区进行了被动源勘探试验,采用相关计算获得拟炮集记录,并基于频率域信噪比计算,在生成拟炮集前实现了面波和体波甄选,分离了面波和体波.应用面波反演的横波速剖面识别了覆盖层厚度.体波数据经反射波常规处理,获得了成像剖面.经与主动源反射剖面对比,主要结构的反射特征呈现了良好的一致性.本文试验验证了被动源勘探在内蒙浅覆盖区具有良好应用前景,为低成本的面积性勘探实施提供了新的选择. 相似文献
6.
当前的三维VSP地震数据偏移成像实现都是在共炮点道集或共检波点道集中逐个道集循环进行的,计算效率相对较低.根据三维VSP观测系统中炮点和检波点布置的特殊性和地震波场满足线性叠加的特性,本文提出了一种三维VSP数据的高效偏移成像方法,即首先通过对三维VSP共接收点道集进行地震数据的广义合成得到一种超道集,然后在共接收点道集的波场深度外推过程中逐步应用多震源波场对超道集进行偏移成像,即利用一次波场深度外推循环完成对所有共检波点道集数据的偏移成像.通过三维VSP模型数据与实际地震数据的偏移成像试验验证了这种高效的超道集偏移成像方法可取得与常规共检波点道集相当的偏移成像效果,还具有极高的计算效率,其计算量与单个共检波点道集的偏移成像计算量相当. 相似文献
7.
逆时偏移成像(RTM)常用来处理复杂速度模型,包括陡倾角及横向速度变化剧烈的模型.与常规偏移成像方法(如Kirchhoff偏移)相比,逆时偏移成像能提供更好的偏移成像结果,近些年逆时偏移成像越来越广泛地应用到勘探地震中,它逐渐成为石油地震勘探中的一种行业标准.电磁波和弹性波在动力学和运动学上存在相似性,故本文开发了基于麦克斯韦方程组的电磁波逆时偏移成像算法,并将其应用到探地雷达数据处理中.时间域有限差分(FDTD)用于模拟电磁波正向和逆向传播过程,互相关成像条件用于获得最终偏移结果.逆时偏移成像算法中,偏移成像结果受初始模型影响较大,而其中决定电磁波传播速度的介电常数的影响尤为重要.本文基于时间域全波形反演(FWI)算法反演获得了更为精确的地下介电常数模型,并将其反演结果作为逆时偏移成像的初始介电常数模型.为了验证此算法的有效性,首先构建了一个复杂地质结构模型,合成了共偏移距及共炮点探地雷达数据,分别应用常规Kirchhoff偏移算法及逆时偏移成像算法进行偏移处理,成像结果显示由逆时偏移成像算法得到的偏移结果与实际模型具有较高的一致性;此外本文在室内沙槽中进行了相关的物理模拟实验,采集了共偏移距及共炮点探地雷达数据,分别应用Kirchhoff和叠前逆时偏移成像算法进行处理,结果表明叠前逆时偏移成像在实际应用中能获得更好的成像效果. 相似文献
8.
多分量地震资料叠前深度偏移技术可以对地下复杂地质构造进行更准确的成像,精确成像的前提是获取准确的纵横波偏移速度。本文采用高斯束偏移方法对多波地震数据进行偏移速度分析,首先分别给出纵波和转换波共偏移距域高斯束叠前深度偏移方法原理,在此基础上抽取纵波和转换波偏移距域共成像点道集;然后根据共成像点道集拉平准则,分别对纵波和横波速度进行更新;当两种波成像深度不一致时,对纵波和转换波成像剖面进行深度匹配,完成高精度的纵横波偏移速度分析。模型数据和实际资料试算表明,该方法是一种有效的多波偏移速度分析方法。 相似文献
9.
针对井间地震数据成像技术的一些缺陷并根据井间地震数据的特点,利用井间上、下行反射波信息,提出了一种基于波动方程的井间地震反射波偏移成像技术,该技术既考虑了井间地震数据的运动学特征(时间信息),又考虑了动力学特征(振幅信息).以PC机集群为计算平台,Linux为操作系统,设计了井间地震炮域波动方程偏移成像并行计算流程,并且在64位联想机群上用井间模型数据和某油田的实际数据对该技术和计算流程进行了测试和试处理,试验结果表明成像方法和并行算法正确、实用且计算效率高. 相似文献
10.
与声波被动源数据相比,弹性波被动源数据含有更加丰富的地下地质信息.弹性波被动源数据合成的虚拟炮记录中,同样存在表面相关多次波,影响数据的后续处理以及对地下地质构造的准确判断.对弹性波被动源数据合成的虚拟炮记录进行多次波的预测与匹配相减,将比声波数据更加困难.本文提出弹性波被动源数据一次波估计方法,针对各向同性介质条件下的弹性波被动源数据进行研究,依据声波被动源数据一次波估计方法的研究思路,推导弹性波被动源数据一次波估计方法的理论过程,充分考虑弹性波被动源数据所包含的波场成分,包括纵波、横波以及在传播过程中产生的转换波.在传播过程中,由于能量的损失,略去多次传播的高阶项,进而给出相应的目标函数.利用数据的稀疏性,结合L_1范数约束的最优化问题求解方法,避免对弹性波虚拟炮记录进行多次波的预测与匹配相减,解决多次波影响问题.本文通过合成的弹性波被动源数据,进行一次波估计的测试,并与主动源和合成的虚拟炮记录进行对比,验证本文提出方法的有效性与准确性. 相似文献
11.
Utilizing data from controlled seismic sources to image the subsurface structures and invert the physical properties of the subsurface media is a major effort in exploration geophysics. Dense seismic records with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high fidelity helps in producing high quality imaging results. Therefore, seismic data denoising and missing traces reconstruction are significant for seismic data processing. Traditional denoising and interpolation methods rarely occasioned rely on noise level estimations, thus requiring heavy manual work to deal with records and the selection of optimal parameters. We propose a simultaneous denoising and interpolation method based on deep learning. For noisy records with missing traces, we adopt an iterative alternating optimization strategy and separate the objective function of the data restoring problem into two sub-problems. The seismic records can be reconstructed by solving a least-square problem and applying a set of pre-trained denoising models alternatively and iteratively.We demonstrate this method with synthetic and field data. 相似文献
12.
地震勘探目标日趋复杂化和精细化,"两宽一高"等采集技术获得了广泛应用,从而导致当前地震数据采集周期越来越长、成本越来越高,如何解决日益增长的勘探成本问题成为当前地震采集领域的研究热点之一.针对上述问题,本文首先开展了基于稀疏性的地震数据高效采集方法理论研究,对地震数据稀疏性基本理论、稀疏约束下随机采样及其数据重建方法进行了深入探讨,提出使用改进的分段随机采样方法灵活地进行实际地震采集测网设计;详细阐述了多源地震激发方法,对多源地震数据分离方法开展了深入研究,提出了基于小窗口中值滤波与稀疏约束联合随机去噪的多源数据分离方法,并在数据分离处理中取得了较好的效果;将上述两种地震数据采集方案有机结合,提出了1)规则多源、随机检波点(DmsRg)、2)随机多源、规则检波点(RmsDg)和3)随机多源、随机检波点(RmsRg)等三种高效采集方案及相应的数据重建方案,满足了后续常规化数据处理的要求,并讨论了多源激发对数据成像的影响.基于Marmousi模型数据的数值试验表明,本文构建的基于稀疏约束和多源激发的高效采集方法理论对于提高地震数据采集效率、降低勘探成本具有重要的应用价值,建立的数据重建方法流程可以取得和常规数据接近的成像结果.本文方法虽然在数值试验中取得了较为理想的效果,但还需要得到野外实际数据采集的进一步检验. 相似文献
13.
Passive seismic has recently attracted a great deal of attention because non‐artificial source is used in subsurface imaging. The utilization of passive source is low cost compared with artificial‐source exploration. In general, constructing virtual shot gathers by using cross‐correlation is a preliminary step in passive seismic data processing, which provides the basis for applying conventional seismic processing methods. However, the subsurface structure is not uniformly illuminated by passive sources, which leads to that the ray path of passive seismic does not fit the hyperbolic hypothesis. Thereby, travel time is incorrect in the virtual shot gathers. Besides, the cross‐correlation results are contaminated by incoherent noise since the passive sources are always natural. Such noise is kinematically similar to seismic events and challenging to be attenuated, which will inevitably reduce the accuracy in the subsequent process. Although primary estimation for transient‐source seismic data has already been proposed, it is not feasible to noise‐source seismic data due to the incoherent noise. To overcome the above problems, we proposed to combine focal transform and local similarity into a highly integrated operator and then added it into the closed‐loop surface‐related multiple elimination based on the 3D L1‐norm sparse inversion framework. Results proved that the method was capable of reliably estimating noise‐free primaries and correcting travel time at far offsets for a foresaid virtual shot gathers in a simultaneous closed‐loop inversion manner. 相似文献
14.
A new seismic interpolation and denoising method with a curvelet transform matching filter, employing the fast iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (FISTA), is proposed. The approach treats the matching filter, seismic interpolation, and denoising all as the same inverse problem using an inversion iteration algorithm. The curvelet transform has a high sparseness and is useful for separating signal from noise, meaning that it can accurately solve the matching problem using FISTA. When applying the new method to a synthetic noisy data sets and a data sets with missing traces, the optimum matching result is obtained, noise is greatly suppressed, missing seismic data are filled by interpolation, and the waveform is highly consistent. We then verified the method by applying it to real data, yielding satisfactory results. The results show that the method can reconstruct missing traces in the case of low SNR (signal-to-noise ratio). The above three problems can be simultaneously solved via FISTA algorithm, and it will not only increase the processing efficiency but also improve SNR of the seismic data. 相似文献
15.
利用分形插值方法对稀疏采样的地震记录进行了插值加密处理,并对原始记录和分形插值重建记录进行了叠前逆时偏移处理．数值实验表明,分形插值重建的地震图是原始地震图的良好近似,而分形插值叠前偏移剖面是原始记录偏移剖面的良好近似,二者的分辨率几乎一样．利用分形插值重建技术可以在节约经济成本的情况下,得到地下结构的高精度成像结果． 相似文献
16.
Utilising ambient seismic energy naturally propagating in the Earth as an alternative approach to active body-wave seismic investigations has been a topic of interest for a number of decades. However, because ambient surface-wave arrivals typically are of much greater amplitude than ambient body-wave energy, significant data signal processing and long recording times are required to mitigate this and other coherent noise sources, and to correlate sufficient reflected body-wave energy to converge to a stable image. Even for these scenarios, identifying and validating imaged body-wave reflection events remain challenging. In active-source investigations, extended imaging condition gathers are used to examine velocity (in)accuracy. Herein, we develop an ambient direct migration approach that uses a novel ambient (deconvolution) extended imaging condition. We simulate synthetic ambient-wavefield seismic data for two different models and use a field data set from Lalor Lake in Manitoba, Canada, to conduct a series of numerical experiments to demonstrate the velocity sensitivity and long-term stationarity of ambient-wavefield seismic data in the migration image domain. Tests with varying global velocity perturbations show a characteristic reflector moveout in deconvolution extended imaging condition gathers that can serve as a diagnostic of reflected ambient body-wave energy. We illustrate that this imaging formalism, under idealised circumstances, gives comparable results to conventional seismic methods, which extends the use of extended imaging condition gather-based image validation to ambient-wavefield seismic data scenarios. We assert that this may be a valuable tool for the validation of ambient migration techniques that to date have yielded largely inconclusive results. 相似文献
17.
随着地震勘探目标复杂化和精细化程度的提高以及"两宽一高"等采集技术的广泛应用,当前地震数据采集的时间越来越长、成本越来越高.针对此问题,本文基于压缩感知理论开展了地震数据高效采集方法的改进和探索研究.根据波动方程解的一般表示式,从波场传播的角度给出了地震数据具有稀疏性的数学物理依据及寻找适应地震数据稀疏变换的一般方案;在稀疏性先验信息的指导下,发展了具有"蓝色噪声"频谱特征的改进的分段采样方法,并基于最优化理论提出了地震数据重建方法.地震数据的稀疏性理论、稀疏约束下的高效采集方法以及地震数据的重建方法构成了相对完善的地震数据高效采集理论.把该理论用于指导地震数据采集,即利用稀疏约束的随机采样方法改变常规规则密集测网中炮点和检波点(或二者之一)的分布,设计了三种随机且均匀的高效采集测网,提出了利用相应测网获取的地震数据重建为常规规则密集测网地震数据的针对性方案,并使用重建精度、高效采集数据的直接成像和重建后再成像的结果对比证明了上述重建方案的有效性.基于Marmousi模型的高效采集试验检验了本文构建的基于稀疏约束的地震数据高效采集方法理论框架在提高当前地震数据采集效率、降低勘探成本上的优势以及方法的有效性和可行性. 相似文献
18.
Seismic synthetic records represent wave-front components which contain abundant damageable directional information about important geologic substances. However, the information is often polluted by random noises. Unlike coherent noise, random noise may be incoherent in space and time, and sometimes unpredictable. One of the main tasks in seismic denoising is to eliminate the random noise and useless interferential wave components while preserving or recovering the important seismic features. In this paper, we investigate multi-resolution (MR) methods including wavelets, contourlets and curvelets for seismic denoising of random noise. Discussions and interpretations for these methods are presented in detail to evaluate their performances. Furthermore, a combination scheme of wavelets and curvelets is applied to seismic random denoising by solving an l1 norm optimization problem. The combined scheme aims at taking advantage of the respective merits of wavelets and curvelets in order to obtain better effects. Experimental results indicate that the directional wavelets such as contourlets and curvelets are prominent for seismic profiles containing textural features and the combination method shows promising performances than individual transforms. 相似文献
19.
Weak Seismic Signal Extraction Based on the Curvelet Transform 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Seismic signal denoising is a key step in seismic data processing. Airgun signals are easy to be interfered with by noise when it travels a long distance due to the weak energy of active source signal of the airgun. Aiming to solve this problem, and considering that the conventional Curvelet transform threshold processing method does not use the seismic spectrum information, we independently process the Curvelet scale layer corresponding to valid data based on the characteristics of the Curvelet transform of multi-scale, multi-direction and capable of expressing the sparse seismic signals in order to fully excavate the information features. Combined with the Curvelet adaptive threshold denoising the algorithm, we apply the Curvelet transform to denoising seismic signals while retaining the weak information in the signal as much as possible. The simulation experiments show that the improved threshold denoising method based on Curvelet transform is superior to the frequency domain filtering, wavelet denoising and traditional Curvelet denoising method in detailed information extraction and signal denoising of low SNR signals. The calculation accuracy of the relative wave velocity variation of underground medium is improved. 相似文献