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建立了管缝式锚杆在拉拔荷载作用下的受力分析模型,该模型能够反映锚杆破坏的渐进过程。分析表明,在拉拔荷载作用下管缝式锚杆在荷载作用点最先发生相对滑移,且随着荷载的增加滑移段的长度逐渐增加,直到整根锚杆与围岩发生相对滑移。根据能量守恒原理得到了管缝式锚杆在安装入钻孔后对围岩径向作用力的计算公式。对管缝式锚杆进行了非局部摩擦分析,得到了基于非局部摩擦模型的管缝式锚杆界面剪应力分布。研究了管缝式锚杆直径对锚杆界面剪应力分布的影响,同时得到了锚杆最大抗拉拔力与锚杆长度之间的关系。将理论模型预测值与试验结果对比,验证了理论模型的有效性。 相似文献
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在锚杆受力机理研究中,常采用锚杆拉拔试验所得荷载位移曲线(P-S曲线)进行反演,以确定锚杆界面荷载传递模型的合理性、求得模型的参数。对于自由段不为零的锚杆拉拔试验,锚杆杆体的材料变异性对测试结果有一定影响,且影响随自由段长度增大而变得显著,现有研究从未考虑过。本文根据荷载传递法,推导了荷载位移关系理论模型,然后考虑杆体材料弹性模量的变异性,分析了评价自由段长度对于锚固体顶部位移计算结果影响的方法。最后,基于既有实例,分别研究了土层锚杆和岩层锚杆P-S曲线反演结果受自由段长度影响的程度。研究结果表明,P-S曲线反演方法适用于自由段长度小于5 m的土层锚杆,不适用于岩层锚杆。成果可供基于P-S曲线反演方法对锚杆荷载传递特性进行的理论研究参考。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2016,(1):269-278
为使锚杆支护工程的设计计算和数值模拟更加合理,对端锚黏结式锚杆进行了常规拉拔试验和动拉拔荷载试验,分析了静、动荷载下锚杆的受力特征并提出了力学计算模型。结合试验和力学模型计算结果,比选了多单元数2结点杆单元和少单元数高阶次杆单元的计算精度和计算量。试验结果表明,端锚黏结式锚杆在静荷载下轴向应力呈三角形分布,在动荷载下轴向应力呈负指数分布。受力分析表明,静荷载作用下黏锚力可视为均匀分布,动荷载作用下黏锚力可近似简化为三角形分布。对比试验和理论分析结果,高阶杆单元能简洁明了地反映静、动荷载下锚杆的非均匀受力情况,并能有效减少单元数目和结点数目,大大减少计算量,同时提高计算精度,相比多单元数2结点杆(索)单元优势明显。静、动载试验和理论成果为锚杆支护工程的设计计算和数值模拟提供了参考和依据。 相似文献
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基于小波函数伸缩平移的特性,建立了能反映锚杆界面黏结?软化?滑动力学特性的剪应力?位移非线性本构模型,克服了三折线软化界面模型需要分段分析的复杂性。结合锚固体荷载传递的力学微分方程,推导了锚杆拉拔荷载?位移曲线的解析表达式,并提出了锚固体位移、轴力、周边剪应力的数值计算方法和步骤。通过算例分析,得到不同张拉位移作用下的锚固段位移、轴力和剪应力分布,获得的锚杆拉拔荷载?位移和锚杆轴向力分布计算值与实测值进行了对比分析,验证了该方法的有效性。该方法能准确地反映锚杆在不同荷载下的传力机制,模拟锚杆从弹性工作状态到塑性滑移的全过程。最后,通过参数分析,得到了锚杆锚固长度、轴向刚度以及锚固界面本构参数对锚固效果的影响规律。 相似文献
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节理岩体锚杆的综合变形分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在总结国内外对节理岩体中锚杆加固机制的试验研究和理论探讨基础上,综合考虑锚杆的切向和轴向变形能力,建立节理锚固锚杆在剪切荷载作用下的变形模型,将节理锚固锚杆的变形区划分为弹性变形段和挤压破坏段,引入表征挤压破坏段长度的变量,对锚杆与岩体的相互作用机制进行理论分析,推导了剪切荷载与剪切位移和轴向荷载与轴向位移的关系。通过分析锚杆的屈服破坏形式,得到了确定挤压破坏段长度的方法。最后,通过算例分析了挤压破坏段长度与锚杆直径、岩体强度、锚固角度等参数的关系,得到了以下结论：（1）节理锚固锚杆抗剪作用的实质是锚杆调动岩体的抗压强度抵抗节理切向荷载。在抗压强度较高的硬岩中,挤压破坏段局限于节理面附近,锚杆影响范围小;而在抗压强度较低的软岩中,挤压破坏段较大,而且会产生较大的剪切变形,锚杆影响范围较大。（2）锚杆屈服破坏形式与岩质和锚杆直径有关。硬质岩体发生剪切屈服,而较软岩体中容易发生弯曲屈服;小直径锚杆一般直接剪切屈服,而大直径锚杆可能发生弯曲屈服。锚杆屈服破坏后出现塑性铰,挤压破坏段范围在节理一侧约为直径的1～2倍,继续增加剪切荷载,挤压破坏段长度不再增大。（3）随岩质的不同,锚杆锚固节理的最优锚固角变化较大。岩质较硬时,最优锚固角度较小,反之则较大。 相似文献
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通过对含有锚杆的水泥砂浆试件进行单轴压缩试验,系统地研究了锚杆的布置方式对试件强度和变形特性的影响。研究结果表明:(1) 当锚杆横截面的连线呈直线或者正方形时,随着锚杆数量的增加,试件的抗压强度、弹性模量均会逐渐增加,试件峰值应变的变化没有固定规律;(2) 当锚杆横截面的连线呈直线时且试件中的锚杆数量相同时,荷载方向垂直于锚杆横截面的连线时试件的抗压强度和弹性模量,大于荷载方向平行于锚杆横截面的连线时试件的抗压强度和弹性模量。 相似文献
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深埋隧道锚杆支护作用的数值模拟与模型试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以重庆至长沙公路共和隧道为研究对象,研制出环氧-硅橡胶的相似模型材料,在大型真三轴模型试验机上进行了隧道在毛洞和锚杆支护条件下的超载试验,采用应变测量技术对隧道关键部位的应变值和锚杆的应变值进行了测量,据此分析了围岩体在锚杆支护后的应力变化规律和锚杆的轴力变化规律。采用与模型试验相同的边界条件进行了隧道在锚杆支护条件下的数值模拟工作,对围岩体的塑性区、应力场和锚杆轴力随荷载的变化过程进行了研究。结果表明,两种手段反映的围岩体应力变化规律和锚杆轴力随荷载的变化规律是一致的 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献