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1.
黄河深切于青藏高原东北缘的构造山地中,留下了山地和黄河形成演化的记录,但其高阶地年龄因超出常规测年技术的范围而存在困难。文章尝试用原地成因宇宙核素10 Be和26 Al以及垂直剖面取样技术,通过剖面X2最小统计同时求出了年龄、侵蚀速率、继承浓度以及阶地沉积物密度等参数,所获得的黑山峡口247m最高基座阶地的参考年龄和剥蚀速率分别约为2.4Ma和15.5 +8 -4 m/Ma,这是该河段高阶地测年的一次新探索。根据这一结果及相关的构造地貌特征,认为香山-天景山断裂带西段2.4Ma前以逆冲为主,以后逐渐过渡到左旋走滑,该段黄河诞生于逆冲作用减弱时期。  相似文献   

2.
青藏高原第四纪冰川时空演化问题广受关注。应用宇宙成因核素暴露年龄测定方法开展高原古冰川的年代学研究,对青藏高原聂拉木、唐古拉山、义敦海子山和折多山等4个地区的第四纪冰碛物进行了\{10 Be\},26 Al和21 Ne暴露年龄测定,获得了青藏高原不同地点第四纪冰川发育的年代学数据,结果表明青藏高原出现了多期第四纪冰期,分别为YD事件、末次冰期晚阶段、末次冰期早阶段、倒数第2次冰期和倒数第3次冰期。  相似文献   

3.
地表剥蚀速率是衡量地貌演变的一个重要因子.本研究利用原地生成宇宙成因核素10Be对青藏高原东南部地区地表岩石剥蚀速率进行了首次测定.结果显示,自末次间冰期以来,青藏高原东南部地区的地表岩石剥蚀速率不超过60 mm/ka,平均剥蚀速率值约为27.1±10.2 mm/ka,这一结果与其他高海拔地区基岩剥蚀速率值一致.高原东南部地区地表岩石剥蚀率同时受构造活动和气候尤其降水量等因素的制约.与高原内部干旱、半干旱地区相比,青藏高原东南部地区的剥蚀速率偏大,但均在同一个数量级范围内.高原东南部地区较高原内部干旱区剥蚀速率大的原因主要是由于降水量的差异所致.  相似文献   

4.
宇宙成因核素10 Be(半衰期1.5Ma)不但是古环境变化的示踪剂,而且具有确定地质年龄的能力。80个全岩样品的10 Be和化学分析数据表明,黄土高原约6Ma以来的红粘土和黄土序列中年龄校正的10 Be浓度与沉积物粒度和风化程度的化学指标具有显著的关系。根据这种关系建立的10 Be浓度与化学指标的经验回归线性模型,可以估计红粘土和黄土形成时的10 Be浓度,确定红粘土和黄土形成的10 Be放射性年龄。  相似文献   

5.
10Be和26Al在地表形成和演化研究中的应用   总被引:28,自引:4,他引:24       下载免费PDF全文
地球表面丰富多样的地形、地貌是地球内外动力相互作用的结果。宇宙射线辐射地表岩石、沉积物等产生的10Be和26Al放射性核素(半衰期分别为1.5Ma和0.71Ma),它们的浓度主要取决于由地理位置和地形、地貌条件所决定的宇宙射线辐射的通量和时间,从而能够记录地表的形成和演化历史。因此,宇宙成因核素是研究地表形成历史和作用过程的有力工具。  相似文献   

6.
宗务隆构造带南侧的成矿环境与"马尔康-雅江-喀喇昆仑巨型锂矿带"具有很大的相似性,新发现的茶卡北山伟晶岩型锂多金属矿床证实此带是青藏高原北部的一条重要的锂、铍矿成矿带,该矿床内含矿伟晶岩主要为含锂辉石花岗伟晶岩和含绿柱石白云母花岗伟晶岩,形成于晚三叠世。对含矿白云母伟晶岩进行白云母40Ar-39Ar同位素测年结果显示,随着温度从750 ℃逐渐升到1100 ℃,白云母40Ar-39Ar年龄坪非常平坦,其年龄值为210.4 Ma—212.7 Ma,坪年龄为212.60 Ma±0.64 Ma,与晚期伟晶岩结晶年龄相近,基本限定茶卡北山伟晶岩型锂稀有多金属矿床的成矿年龄为晚三叠世晚期。  相似文献   

7.
利用氧同位素作为古高度计重建造山带的古高度是近年发展起来的应用比较广泛的方法。本文通过对青藏高原河水δ18Ow(SMOW)的空间分布特征分析,表明高原南北δ18Ow(SMOW)由于水汽来源和水汽循环方式不同存在显著差异。以中央分水岭山脉为界,南部δ18Ow(SMOW)平均值为-15.6‰左右,北部为-8.6%左右;   南部氧同位素值随高度的平均变化率为-0.24‰/100m,北部为-0.15‰/100m。分别建立了藏北地区和藏南地区河水氧同位素和高度的关系,同时应用可可西里及昆仑山口现代食草动物牙齿釉质、尼玛盆地现代土壤碳酸盐的氧同位素值对所建立的经验模型进行了检验,表明这两个模型分别应用于藏北和藏南地区古高度的恢复是可行的,为今后青藏高原古高度研究工作的开展提供了定量的计算方法。  相似文献   

8.
青藏高原第四纪冰川的宇宙核素暴露年龄首次测定   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
青藏高原在第四纪时期究竟发育了几次冰期及时代研究深受国内外地球科学家关注,然而,老冰碛物的年代测定问题一直未突破。近年来发展成熟的就地成因宇宙核素(10Be,26Al)及宇宙气体(21Ne)的表面暴露年龄测定方法为冰碛物测年提供了条件。我们对青藏高原东部及腹地的第四纪冰川漂砾进行了核素年龄测试研究,并初步讨论了高原第四纪冰川发育及古环境变迁。   相似文献   

9.
东昆仑断裂带秀沟段晚第四纪滑动速率研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
东昆仑断裂带是青藏高原北部一条大型左旋走滑断裂带,其滑动速率对于断裂地震危险性评价和青藏高原的地球动力学研究具有重要意义。已有的研究认为东昆仑断裂带中西段晚第四纪滑动速率稳定、均一(10~13 mm/a),但对中段精确的滑动速率研究较少。以东昆仑断裂带中段秀沟盆地一个被断错的洪积扇为研究对象,基于高分辨率卫星影像和SPOT7立体像对提取的高精度数字高程模型(DEM)恢复位错量,利用宇宙成因核素测年厘定了断错洪积扇的年龄。结果表明,该洪积扇被左旋断错(1 862±103)m,年龄为(76.55±3.20)~(106.37±3.38)ka,据此得到的平均左旋滑动速率为(20.3+3.5/-2.3)mm/a。东昆仑断裂带中段的左旋滑动速率从晚更新世到全新世存在明显的减慢趋势。  相似文献   

10.
青藏高原的隆升是新生代最壮观的地质事件,关于青藏高原隆升研究一直是地学界的研究焦点.河流阶地的发育记录了丰富的构造运动和气候变化的信息,近年来被广泛应用于构造运动和气候演变的研究,但前人研究的河流阶地基本分布在青藏高原的周缘,阶地的形成可能是气候与构造运动共同作用的结果.本文通过高分辨率卫星影像的解译,在青藏高原内部的西昆仑阿什库勒地区发现了多达七级的河流阶地.对该处河流阶地结构、沉积特征、几何特征的研究表明该阶地是典型的构造成因阶地.野外利用全站仪对河流阶地地貌形态进行了精细的测量,获得了各级阶地的拔河高度分别为4~5m(T1)、9~ 10m(T2)、16 ~ 18m(T3)、28~31m(T4)、45~48m(T5).通过宇宙成因核素10Be测年方法对各级阶地面的暴露年龄进行了测定,获得了各级阶地的形成时代分别为7.7±0.7ka(T1)、32.7±3.lka (T2)、53.6±2.5ka(T3)、115.7±23.2ka(T4)、166.8±10.4ka (T5)、19.5±8.5ka (T6).由此确定了晚第四纪166.8ka以来不同时期的河流下切速率总体介于0.2~0.35mm/yr,该速率代表了青藏高原西北部晚第四纪166.8ka以来的平均隆升速率.  相似文献   

11.
《China Geology》2021,4(1):32-43
When and how the Tibetan Plateau formed and maintained its thick crust and high elevation on Earth is continuing debated. Specifically, the coupling relationship between crustal thickening and corresponding paleoelevation changing has not been well studied. The dominant factors in crustal thickness changing are crustal shortening, magmatic input and surface erosion rates. Crustal thickness change and corresponding paleoelevation variation with time were further linked by an isostatic equation in this study. Since 120 Ma crustal shortening, magmatic input and surface erosion rates data from the central Tibetan Plateau are took as input parameters. By using a one-dimensional isostasy model, the authors captured the first-order relationship between crustal thickening and historical elevation responses over the central Tibetan Plateau, including the Qiangtang and Lhasa terranes. Based on the modeling results, the authors primarily concluded that the Qiangtang terrane crust gradually thickened to ca. 63 km at ca. 40 Ma, mainly due to tectonic shortening and minor magmatic input combined with a slow erosion rate. However, the Lhasa terrane crust thickened by a combination of tectonic shortening, extensive magmatic input and probably Indian plate underthrusting, which thickened the Lhasa crust over 75 km since 25 Ma. Moreover, a long-standing elevation >4000 m was strongly coupled with a thickened crust since about 35 Ma in the central Tibetan Plateau.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

12.
Throughout the last 1.1 million years repeated glaciations have modified the southern Fennoscandian landscape and the neighbouring continental shelf into their present form. The glacigenic erosion products derived from the Fennoscandian landmasses were transported to the northern North Sea and the SE Nordic Seas continental margin. The prominent sub‐marine Norwegian Channel trough, along the south coast of Norway, was the main transport route for the erosion products between 1.1 and 0.0 Ma. Most of these erosion products were deposited in the North Sea Fan, which reaches a maximum thickness of 1500 m and has nearly 40 000 km3 of sediments. About 90% of the North Sea Fan sediments have been deposited during the last 500 000 years, in a time period when fast‐moving ice streams occupied the Norwegian Channel during each glacial stage. Back‐stripping the sediment volumes in the northern North Sea and SE Nordic Seas sink areas, including the North Sea Fan, to their assumed Fennoscandian source area gives an average vertical erosion of 164 m for the 1.1–0.0 Ma time period. The average 1.1–0.0 Ma erosion rate in the Fennoscandian source area is estimated to be 0.15 mm a?1. We suggest, however, that large variations in erosion rates have existed through time and that the most intense Fennoscandian landscape denudation occurred during the time period of repeated shelf edge ice advances, namely from Marine Isotope Stage 12 (c. 0.5 Ma) onwards.  相似文献   

13.
通过对临夏盆地黑林顶剖面晚新生代沉积物的岩石磁学研究, 揭示在11.8~8.6 Ma 磁化率波动较小, 基本保持相对稳定的低值(0.58~6.9/10-8 m3kg-1); 从8.6 Ma 开始受软磁性矿物控制明显持续增加(0.75~10.6/10-8 m3kg-1)。通过沉积物磁学性质与环境变化之间的模式分析, 结合盆地周围构造条件研究, 认为物源的变化可能是造成黑林顶剖面磁化率增强的主要原因。  相似文献   

14.
阿尔金-祁连山位于青藏高原北缘, 其新生代的隆升-剥露过程记录了高原变形和向北扩展的历史, 对探讨高原隆升动力学具有重要意义。本文采用岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹测年分析, 利用岩屑的统计特征限定阿尔金-祁连山新生代的隆升-剥露过程。磷灰石裂变径迹测试结果表明, 阿尔金-祁连山地区存在4个阶段的抬升冷却: 21.1~19.4 Ma、13.5~10.5 Ma、9.0~7.3 Ma、4.3~3.8 Ma。其中, 4.3~3.8 Ma抬升冷却事件仅体现在祁连山地区, 9.0~7.3 Ma抬升冷却事件在区内普遍存在, 且9.0~7.3 Ma隆升-剥露造就了现代阿尔金-祁连山的地貌。区域资料分析表明, 9~7 Ma(或者8~6 Ma)期间, 青藏高原北缘、东缘, 甚至整个中国西部地区发生了大规模、区域性的抬升, 中国现今"西高"的构造地貌形态可能于当时开始形成。阿尔金-祁连山地区4期抬升冷却事件与青藏高原的隆升阶段有很好的对应关系, 应该是对印度-欧亚板块碰撞的响应。  相似文献   

15.
The thick, Eocene to Pliocene, sedimentary sequence in Qaidam Basin at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau records the surface uplift history of the northeastern Tibetan plateau. In this study, we present detailed geochemistry, heavy mineral, and clay mineralogy data of the well preserved sedimentary record in the Dahongou section in the northeast of the Qaidam Basin. The results suggest that the sedimentary sequence recorded a 30 Ma young uplift/unroofing event in the northern edge of the Qaidam Basin, which is characterized by high ZTR index value and chlorite content, and low CIW`. The results are consistent with previous sedimentological studies of the Qaidam Basin, which indicated rapid increase of the accumulation rates around 30 Ma. Based on past thermochronological data from the mountains around the Qaidam Basin and the accumulation rates of the Cenozoic basins in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we infer a regional uplift and denudation event along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during early Oligocene (~30 Ma), indicating that the Tibetan Plateau had expanded north-eastward of the study area at that time.  相似文献   

16.
The apatite fission track (AFT) ages and thermal modeling of the Longshoushan and deformation along the northern Hexi Corridor on the northern side of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau show that the Longshoushan along the northern corridor had experienced important multi-stage exhumations during the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The AFT ages of 7 samples range from 31.9 Ma to 111.8 Ma. Thermal modeling of the AFT ages of the samples shows that the Longshoushan experienced significant exhumation during the Late Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic (~130–25 Ma). The Late Cretaceous exhumation of the Longshoushan may have resulted from the continuous compression between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks and the flat slab subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic plate, which affected wide regions across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. During the Early Cenozoic, the Longshoushan still experienced exhumation, but this process was caused by the Indian-Eurasian collision. Since this time, the Longshoushan was in a stable stage for approximately 20 Ma and experienced erosion. Since ~5 Ma, obvious tectonic deformation occurred along the entire northern Hexi Corridor, which has also been reported from the peripheral regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, especially in the Qilianshan and northeastern margin of the plateau. The AFT ages and the Late Cenozoic deformation of the northern Hexi Corridor all indicate that the present northern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is situated along the northern Hexi Corridor.  相似文献   

17.
青藏高原北部风火山花岗斑岩与逆冲推覆构造存在密切关系,岩浆侵位发生在区域地质构造演化的重要历史时期。对风火山北麓花岗斑岩及暗色包体,在显微观测和矿物鉴定的基础上,通过单颗粒锆石离子探针U-Pb同位素测年,获得高精度的测年资料。测得早期岩浆锆石结晶平均年龄为(34.5±1.4) Ma,对应于岩浆源区地壳局部熔融时代;晚期岩浆锆石结晶平均年龄为(27.6±0.5)Ma,对应于岩浆向上侵入雅西错群的岩浆侵位时代。风火山北麓花岗斑岩属青藏高原北部出露的最年轻花岗岩,岩体内部不同类型锆石的U-Pb同位素测年为区域地层、区域构造和高原隆升的研究提供了重要的年代学约束。  相似文献   

18.
为了探讨不同暴露时间对利用原地生宇生核素估算地表基岩至大侵蚀速率(maximum erosion rates,指假设样品达到侵蚀平衡状态下的侵蚀速率)的差异,本文选择青藏高原东南部稻城古冰帽区至少暴露年代(minimum exposure ages,指利用宇生核素暴露测年法所估算的在不考虑侵蚀速率影响时的暴露年代)为500 ka、100ka、10 ka的样品进行估算,并对前人的研究结果进行统计.研究表明:①研究区地表基岩在500 ka尺度、100 ka尺度和10 ka尺度的至大侵蚀速率分别约为1 mm/ka、5mm/ka和40 mm/ka,该结果与前人研究结果相一致.②文献统计显示百万年尺度和万年尺度地表岩石侵蚀速率可相差100倍.因此,基于原地生字生核素所估算的侵蚀速率是在某个暴露时间(假设该暴露时间已达到侵蚀平衡状态)内的至大侵蚀速率,而不同的暴露时间尺度所估算的结果相差较大,因此在进行区域至大侵蚀速率对比时一定要注意样品的至少暴露年代尺度是否一致.本研究可为青藏高原地区地表侵蚀速率的研究提供参考.  相似文献   

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