共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 462 毫秒
1.
电阻率法在地基处理工程中的应用探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
土的电阻率相关参数指标与土的工程力学指标紧密相连,并可反映土的一些特殊性质,如土的污染特征、地基液化特征等。本文首先简要介绍了土的电阻率理论,分析了土电阻率的室内外测试原理与方法。在归纳相关文献与工作的基础上,探讨土电阻率法在地基处理及其相关领域中的应用。深入分析了电阻率法在水泥土搅拌桩质量评价、地基处理效果评价、地基液化评判、压实土质量评价以及地基污染中的应用特征以及评价方法。并讨论了土的电阻率理论研究中存在的问题,展望了土电阻率理论的研究与应用前景。 相似文献
2.
化学改性土的工程分类研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在已有研究成果和课题组工作的基础上,确立了化学改性土的分类原则,并将其分为5类:即无机类改性土、有机类改性土、无机有机复合类改性土、化学物理类改性土和污染土;给出了各类土的定义,并对它们的成因、工程性质、机理、用途以及优缺点进行了比较详细的分析.研究表明:5类化学改性土具有各自的工程性质特点和形成机理,并适用于不同的工程用途;其改性效果取决于改性材料的性质、被改性土的性质以及改性工艺等,其中化学-物理类改性土的工程性质最具有优势,而污染土一般不能满足工程的环境和强度要求,需要采取一定的措施后,才能作为工程材料使用.化学改性土在环境岩土工程领域中具有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
3.
污染土的工程性质研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
随着我国经济的持续发展,环境污染不断加剧,城市土地被污染亦屡见不鲜。因此,研究污染土的污染机制、勘察评价和处理措施,对保护环境有重要意义。对污染土的物理力学性质、污染机制、试验测试技术、风险评价的研究现状进行了总结,并提出今后的研究方向。 相似文献
4.
5.
重金属工业污染场地固化/稳定处理研究进展 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
目前在发达国家,固化/稳定处理技术已被广泛应用在重金属工业污染场地的修复工程中,而在国内则不多见。通过文献回顾,对重金属-土-胶结物的相互作用机制进行了综述,对比了各种标准淋滤试验参数,总结了国内外对固化重金属污染土性能的评价标准。同时论述了固化污染土的无侧限抗压强度的影响因素,并归纳了有关固化污染土溶出特性、耐久性及长期性状的国内外研究成果。针对国内已有研究现状,建议在制定国内重金属工业污染土修复技术标准时,需要明确固化污染土的最小强度要求,并制定相应的动态和半动态淋滤试验规范。 相似文献
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7.
阐述了酸溶液对水泥的影响机理，科学地选择了对地基土酸污染的处理方法，地基处理效果较好。对施工过程及效果进行了介绍。 相似文献
8.
合肥新桥国际机场膨胀土石灰改良研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
合肥新桥国际机场地基膨胀土采用了石灰改良处理,本文通过对改良前后膨胀土的工程性质的研究,利用扫描电镜分析,从微结构的角度来解释了石灰改良膨胀土的机理。 相似文献
9.
宝鸡某场地污染土的分析评价 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
宝鸡某场地由于长期堆放食盐，造成地基上污染、通过勘察，查明了污染土层，进行了腐蚀性测试和评价，对场地污染区与非污染区土的物理力学性质指标进行了对比，并分析了土的污染机理，提出了防护措施。 相似文献
10.
试论软弱路基土的水泥稳定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
软弱路基土的处理是公路建设的关键问题，本文在论述土的工程性状的基础上，侧重研究了水泥稳定土的加固机理。同时，结合水泥加固土的内配比试验和工程应用，论述了水泥稳定土的工程性状，从而为水泥稳定土在工程中的广泛应用提供了可靠的理论依据和工程实践经验。 相似文献
11.
污水土壤处理试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
污水土壤处理试验,主要是利用透水性较强的土壤层的生物化学作用,其次是淋滤吸附。通过离子交换等作用去除污染质,这一研究在我国属于新的领域,本文通过对污水土壤处理的工作原理,运行效果及环境保护作用等进行了综合论述。 相似文献
12.
In the present study, an attempt was made to delineate soil contamination around the ash pond of a coal-based thermal power plant. The topsoil in the study area was found to be contaminated to varying degrees from ash disposal. The soil drawn from various profiles was largely contaminated by ash fall out, predominantly in the prevalent wind direction. Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, V and Ba were found to be enriched in the topsoil around the ash pond with respect to the crust as well as the background, while Mn, V, Cr, Co and Ni were enriched compared to their maximum permissible concentrations prescribed for agricultural soils. These observations have been further strengthened from the contamination index map and lognormal distribution pattern of the elements. As a consequence of this contamination, many of the important physicochemical properties of topsoil in the direction of the wind have been modified significantly.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 相似文献
13.
Alexandre Lisboa Lago Vagner Roberto Elis Welitom Rodrigues Borges Giovanni Chaves Penner 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(2):407-417
Geophysics has been shown to be effective in identifying areas contaminated by waste disposal, contributing to the greater efficiency of soundings programs and the installation of monitoring wells. In the study area, four trenches were constructed with a total volume of about 25,000 m3. They were almost totally filled with re-refined lubricating oil waste for approximately 25 years. No protection liners were used in the bottoms and laterals of the disposal trenches. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the potential of the resistivity and ground penetrating radar (GPR) methods in characterizing the contamination of this lubricant oil waste disposal area in Ribeirão Preto, SP, situated on the geological domain of the basalt spills of the Serra Geral Formation and the sandstones of the Botucatu Formation. Geophysical results were shown in 2D profiles. The geophysical methods used enabled the identification of geophysical anomalies, which characterized the contamination produced by the trenches filled with lubricant oil waste. Conductive anomalies (smaller than 185 Ωm) immediately below the trenches suggest the action of bacteria in the hydrocarbons, as has been observed in several sites contaminated by hydrocarbons in previously reported cases in the literature. It was also possible to define the geometry of the trenches, as evidenced by the GPR method. Direct sampling (chemical analysis of the soil and the water in the monitoring well) confirmed the contamination. In the soil analysis, low concentrations of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were found, mainly naphthalene and phenanthrene. In the water samples, an analysis verified contamination of the groundwater by lead (Pb). The geophysical methods used in the investigation provided an excellent tool for environmental characterization in this study of a lubricant oil waste disposal area, and could be applied in the study of similar areas. 相似文献
14.
环境温度影响石油黏滞性,改变石油污染土的力学特性。借助无侧限抗压强度试验,研究不同温度条件下石油污染滨海盐渍土的强度及变形特性。结果证实:温度对石油污染盐渍土力学性质影响显著,温度越高,污染土抗压强度越低,20℃时,含油率15%污染土的抗压强度较未污染土下降近70%;石油污染滨海盐渍土的抗压强度随含油率的增加先增大后减小,环境温度与污染土强度峰值点处的含油率反相关,10℃、20℃、30℃条件下,强度峰值点处的含油率分别为15%、10%和5%;石油污染盐渍土表现为应变软化型破坏,含油率及环境温度影响石油污染盐渍土的抗变形能力,土样的破坏面积和裂缝宽度随含油率增加及温度升高而增大。 相似文献
15.
以四川省成都平原区农田生态系统水稻土剖面为例,探讨了Cd分配系数及其影响因素。结果表明:Cd分配系数(Kd)在污染土壤环境和本底土壤环境中是不同的,在剖面PM-3、PM-6和PM-8剖面中污染环境中分配系数(Kd)大于本底环境中的分配系数,而在剖面PM-7中,本底环境中的分配系数(Kd)大于污染环境中的值。在污染环境Cd分配系数受土壤pH值、交换性Mg和铁硅氧化物的影响比较大,而在非污染环境中分配系数受到土壤可溶性Al、Cd全量和铁锰铝氧化物的影响较大。这些土壤的物化性质对分配系数造成影响,使得土壤滤渣和土壤原土中Cd形态含量存在差异。 相似文献
16.
《Applied Geochemistry》1997,12(3):243-254
Column flow-through experiments reacting wastewater solutions with sandy loam soil samples were performed to study heavy metal attenuation by two soils with different physical and chemical properties. Reacted soil columns were leached with synthetic acid rain to study the mobility of attenuated heavy metals under leaching conditions. This study demonstrates that cation exchange, surface adsorption, chelation with solid organic material, and precipitation were the important attenuation mechanisms for the heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ph, and Zn). Adsorption on soil hydrous oxide surfaces was the primary attenuation mechanism for Cd and Zn in both soils, and for Cu in a soil with low organic matter content. Wastewater solution pH is also an important factor that influences the retention of heavy metals. Cadmium, Cu, Cr, and Zn became mobile after prolonged application of spiked wastewater solution, either through saturation of soil adsorption sites or due to decreasing pH. Only Cr, Pb, and Mo, which are attenuated primarily through precipitation, show significant net retention by soil. Acid rain water removed heavy metals left in the column residual pore solution and weakly sorbed heavy metals in the soils, and has the ability to mobilize some strongly attenuated heavy metals, especially when the soil organic matter content is high. The results have important applications in predicting heavy metal mobility in contaminated soil, the disposal of acid mine drainage, and assessing the risks of landfall leachate leakage. 相似文献
17.
Ana Horta Pedro Correia Luís Menezes Pinheiro Amílcar Soares 《Mathematical Geosciences》2013,45(5):575-590
Soil contamination assessments can be improved with new methods aimed at the accurate estimation of the volume and extension of contaminated soil to be remediated. Geostatistical models that use secondary information to characterize soil contamination are incorporated into a new integration model to provide accurate three-dimensional maps. The proposed integration model is based on a stochastic inversion approach and uses sequential indicator simulation. A two-dimensional reference image representing the areal extension of the contamination is combined with local measurements of contamination in the vertical direction, to render a three-dimensional contamination map. To demonstrate how well the integration model performs, the case study presented focuses on geophysical data and how it can be integrated with soil contamination measurements to improve the characterization of a contaminated site. The results show that the model reproduces successfully the reference image thus providing an accurate three-dimensional contamination map. 相似文献
18.
太湖疏浚底泥堆场黏土防渗层阻隔污染物的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
底泥疏浚是治理太湖污染的必要途径之一。限于目前国内的经济与技术条件以及疏浚底泥的数量巨大,太湖雪浪底泥堆场只能直接采用下部的天然黏性土层作为防渗层而不加任何处理。为了确保疏浚污染底泥在堆放期间不对周围环境和地下水造成污染,采用渗透与阻隔、静态吸附、动态土柱等试验测定和分析了黏土层对底泥中主要污染物（总氮、氨氮、硝氮、亚硝氮、总磷、化学耗氧量（COD））渗透和运移的阻隔能力,同时得到了可用于分析污染物在土层中运移和转化规律的一些重要参数。试验结果表明,雪浪堆场下部的黏土层对疏浚底泥中的主要污染物具有较强的吸附和阻隔能力。 相似文献
19.
Helmut Kerndorff Stephan Kühn Thomas Minden Dagmar Orlikowski Thomas Struppe 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):291-301
The aim of this research project is to identify, characterize and quantify natural attenuation (NA) processes in groundwater
affected by emissions of abandoned waste disposal sites in Berlin-Kladow/Gatow, Germany. It is part of the funding priority
called KORA established by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) to explore the extent to which NA can be
used for remedial purposes for varied forms of soil and groundwater contamination. Information on the emission behaviour of
individual parameters is generated on the basis of hydrogeochemical comparison of 20 years old and new data. Using groundwater-modelling
and CFC-analysis, information on the transport and retention of pollutants in groundwater is compiled. The microbial colonization
of contaminated aquifers is characterized by molecular biological methods [polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing
gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)] to differentiate between contaminated and not contaminated zones. 相似文献
20.
Geoenvironmental site investigation using different techniques in a municipal solid waste disposal site in Brazil 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Giulliana Mondelli Heraldo Luiz Giacheti Maria Eugênia Gimenez Boscov Vagner Roberto Elis Jorge Hamada 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(5):871-887
Different geoenvironmental site investigation techniques to assess contamination from a municipal solid waste disposal site
in Brazil are presented here. Superficial geophysical investigation (geoelectrical survey), resistivity piezocone penetration
tests (RCPTU), soil samples collected with direct-push samplers and water samples collected from monitoring wells were applied
in this study. The application of the geoelectrical method was indispensable to identify the presence and flow direction of
contamination plumes (leachate) as well as to indicate the most suitable locations for RCPTU tests and soil and water sampling.
Chemical analyses of groundwater samples contributed to a better understanding of the flow of the contaminated plume. The
piezocone presented some limitations for tropical soils, since the groundwater level is sometimes deeper than the layer which
is impenetrable to the cone, and the soil genesis and unsaturated conditions affect soil behavior. The combined interpretation
of geoelectrical measurements and soil and water samplings underpinned the interpretation of RCPTU tests. The interpretation
of all the test results indicates that the contamination plume has already overreached the landfill’s west-northwest borders.
Geoenvironmental laboratory test results suggest that contamination from the solid waste disposal site has been developing
gradually, indicating the need for continuous monitoring of the groundwater. 相似文献