共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 134 毫秒
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文章在多层地基固结理论与污染物运移理论相结合的基础上,提出了污染物在成层弹性地基中运移的一维数学模型,其最大特点是考虑了土体受力变形对污染物运移的影响,然后给出了所建模型的解析解,并将计算结果与太湖疏浚污染底泥堆场的实测结果作了比较分析。结果表明堆场的地基土层对太湖疏浚底泥中的污染物具备足够的阻隔能力,在堆场的使用年限内不会对周围环境造成二次污染。实际天然防渗层中以成层土居多,故推导出的污染物在成层土中运移模型具有重要的工程价值和现实意义。 相似文献
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大变形黏土防渗层中的污染物迁移和转化规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
国内湖泊疏浚污染底泥堆场一般以较厚的黏土层作为主要防渗层,由于在上覆底泥作用下黏土层会发生较大的固结变形,因此,在研究黏土防渗层中的污染物运移和转化规律时,应该考虑土体变形的影响。基于Gibson一维大变形固结理论和饱和多孔介质中的污染物对流扩散方程,建立了二者耦合的可变形多孔介质中污染物的运移和转化模型,其中首次考虑了土体自重和生物降解作用的影响。利用所建立模型的数值解,研究了在可变形黏土防渗层中的污染物运移和转化规律,同时分析了模型中不同项和主要参数的作用和影响。研究结果表明,土体大变形对黏土防渗层中污染物的运移有着较复杂的影响,一方面土体变形会加速污染物的运移;另一方面土体固结带来的渗透性减小会增加污染物的穿透时间,二者的不同作用取决于众多的影响因素,如土层厚度和吸附作用等。研究结果对于评估天然黏土防渗层对污染物的阻隔作用有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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考虑土体固结变形的污染物运移模型 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
土体的固结压缩变形对污染物的运移具有重要的影响,而目前国内关于污染物在变形多孔介质中运移规律的研究尚处于空白,在国外也是近几年才有人开始这方面的研究工作。在Biot固结理论和污染物运移理论相结合的基础上,提出了污染物在黏土防渗层中迁移转化的一维数学模型,该模型的最大特点是考虑了土体受力变形对污染物运移的影响,在合理简化的基础上给出了模型的解析解,并将计算结果与太湖疏浚污染底泥堆场的实测结果进行了比较分析,模拟计算的结果在一定程度上能够反映实际土层中污染物的运移情况。 相似文献
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重金属污染物在黏土固化注浆帷幕中的运移规律 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于渗透和弥散作用,探讨了黏土固化注浆帷幕对污染物的阻滞机制,通过土柱试验,分析了注浆帷幕对重金属污染物的渗透性能和弥散性能,采用污染物运移过程数值模拟的一维对流-弥散计算模型,研究了重金属污染物在注浆帷幕中的运移规律。试验表明,不同的污染物质在黏土固化注浆帷幕中的渗透性能和弥散性能不同,镉的迁移速度大于铅。数值计算表明,注浆帷幕的厚度及其渗透性、弥散性和水力梯度等重要控制参数对重金属污染物在帷幕中的运移过程具有显著影响。 相似文献
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吸附离子对粉质粘土及改良土特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用疏浚土有机质含量高、吸附能力强和低渗透性等特点,探讨将其作为填埋场黏土衬垫改性材料的可能性。针对粘土垫层所关心渗透性及强度两个基本问题,比较了粉质黏土、改良土（粉质黏土添加疏浚土）吸附离子前后的变化。吸附K+、Cu2+后粉质黏土、改良土的渗透系数随着土中离子含量的增加而增大,但对改良土渗透系数的影响要小于粉质黏土;吸附离子后,粉质黏土摩擦角增幅不大,黏聚力有较大增长,而改良土的黏聚力增长较少,摩擦角增长较快。总体而言,添加一定量的疏浚土能改善吸附离子对黏土垫层的影响。采用SEM电镜试验拍摄了离子吸附前后土体微观结构的变化,并从扩散双电层理论出发,解释了吸附离子对粉质黏土及改良土的影响。 相似文献
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土层的渗透破坏是龙岗区塌陷（土洞）形成的重要因素，通过在现场取原状样和室内人工配制扰动样的方法，进行室内渗透变形试验，对龙岗区岩溶塌陷成因进行详细分析，深入探讨地下水渗透破坏对岩溶塌陷的影响。在监测区内选取3类主要土层：黏土、粉质黏土、中砂，共设置了11组土样进行室内扰动土渗透变形试验。试验结果表明，土体发生渗透塌陷破坏与土体性质、颗粒级配、土层结构、土体内部空腔大小、土体下部透水基岩孔洞大小以及外部水力梯度等有密切关系。 相似文献
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渗透特性是表征黏性土层防渗能力及防污性能的关键控制因素,黏土衬垫渗透系数的正确选择对保证垫层的防污效果具有极其重要的意义。采用柔性壁渗透仪,通过室内试验研究了混合重金属离子共存情况下侵蚀饱和黏性土的渗透特性变化规律。试验结果表明,将可溶性铜、铬离子混合与铜、锰离子混合溶液作为渗液,黏性土渗透性均随着掺入离子浓度比例的增大而逐渐增强,且相同试验条件下,铜、铬离子混合溶液作为渗液测得的黏土渗透系数值大于铜、锰离子混合溶液作为渗液测得的渗透系数值。混合重金属离子的存在削弱了黏土垫层作为工程防污屏障服役的能力,并对黏土层的水力传导性起到了劣化作用。试验土样微观结构分析表明,渗液特性的改变影响了土样内部的微观结构,随着渗液混合离子质量比的增大,土样中出现了凝聚体且有效输运孔隙通道增大,与宏观渗透特性的变化规律相吻合。研究结果能够为有效评估黏土防污屏障的防渗隔污能力及研究堆场渗液在黏土垫层中的运移机制提供参考。 相似文献
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Backfills of dredged sediments onto a former sand and gravel mine site in Charles City County, VA may have the potential to
contaminate local groundwater. To evaluate the mobility of trace elements and to identify the potential contaminants from
the dredged sediments, a sequential extraction scheme was used to partition trace elements associated with the sediments from
the local aquifer and the dredged sediments into five fractions: exchangeable, acidic, reducible, oxidizable, and residual
phases. Sequential extractions indicate that, for most of the trace elements examined, the residual phases account for the
largest proportion of the total concentrations, and their total extractable fractions are mainly from reducible and oxidizable
phases. Only Cd, Pb, and Zn have an appreciable extractable proportion from the acidic phase in the filled dredged sediments.
Our groundwater monitoring data suggest that the dredged sediments are mainly subject to a decrease in pH and a series of oxidation reactions, when exposed to the atmosphere. Because the trace elements released by carbonate dissolution
and the oxidation (e.g., organic matter degradation, iron sulfide and, ammonia oxidation) are subsequently immobilized by
sorption to iron, manganese, and aluminum oxides, no potential contaminants to local groundwater are expected by addition
of the dredged sediments to this site. 相似文献
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吹填泥浆中土颗粒沉降-固结规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
吹填泥浆中土颗粒沉降-固结过程十分复杂,其中土颗粒的沉降固结规律并不明确。室内沉降试验采用一种改进的方法--分层抽取法,先得到土颗粒体积分布规律,再利用体积通量函数法计算不同粒组颗粒平均沉速。计算结果表明,吹填泥浆在沉降过程中会出现3个区域,分别是干涉沉降区、絮体压缩沉降区和自重固结区;在沉降初期0～1 h和1～7 h内,干涉沉降区内土颗粒沉速远小于Stokes公式沉速计算值,颗粒沉速分别与颗粒直径的0.488 1和0.111 7次方有关。絮体压缩沉降区和自重固结区内颗粒基本不出现分选现象,均属于泥浆颗粒的沉积物;该试验中絮体压缩沉降区的密度约为1.04 g/cm3。 相似文献
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城市生活垃圾中重金属Cd污染修复是我国亟待解决的环境问题之一。为了确定最佳Cd污染修复技术,探究了多种镉修复技术在河道治理中的适用性。以华东地区城市河道疏浚底泥堆土修复工程为例,对重金属镉污染土壤的修复工艺进行了对比和分析。拟选定土壤稳定化修复技术、土壤淋洗技术和植物修复技术三种修复工艺对受污染土壤进行治理。实验结果表明,稳定化修复技术可以使土壤中镉的浸出率从33.3%降低到14.3%,能有效降低其在环境中的生物毒性,但镉的总量并不会降低;采用柠檬酸和草酸的土壤淋洗技术,能够使镉的去除率达到90.1%和92.4%;相比而言,植物修复技术具有更为突出的高效性、易操作和二次污染少的特点,但修复周期较长。从技术、经济、环境安全等多方面出发,分别对三种修复工艺进行了分析讨论,综合考虑了研究场地的现状和未来规划,最终确定土壤淋洗技术为治理河道底泥堆土镉污染的最佳选择。 相似文献
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采用无侧限抗压强度试验和直剪试验,从单轴抗压强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角的角度探求了淤泥固化土重塑时导致的强度折减和重塑后土的强度恢复特性,并分析了重塑前养护龄期（T前）、重塑后养护龄期（T后）、水泥掺灰比（ac）的影响。试验结果表明,重塑时机的选择对淤泥固化土的强度折减程度有显著的影响：T前越长,破碎过程带来的强度折减越严重,且大致满足ac越大、强度折减越严重的规律。从强度恢复特性来看：小水泥掺灰比的固化淤泥土经过T后,其强度恢复较好;大掺灰比的重塑土其强度则较难恢复至固化土的水平,T前越长,强度恢复越不利。从而得出了大掺灰比固化土宜早重塑,小掺灰比的重塑时间可适当延长的规律。 相似文献
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Vertical distribution and water solubility of phosphorus and heavy metals in sediments of the St. Lucie Estuary, South Florida, USA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals and phosphorus in sediments impact water quality. There has been an increasing concern regarding fish health in the St. Lucie Estuary, which is related to increased inputs of nutrients and metals in recent decades. To investigate vertical changes of contaminants (P, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn) in sediments of the St. Lucie Estuary in South Florida, 117 layer samples from six of the 210 to 420 cm depth cores were analyzed for their total and water-soluble P and heavy metals, clay, total Fe, Al, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and pH. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in two sets of analytical data (total and water-soluble contaminant concentrations) to document changes of contaminants in each core of sediments. The PCA of total contaminants and minerals resulted in two factors (principal components). The first and second factors accounted for 61.7 and 17.2 % of the total variation in all variables, and contrast indicators associated with contaminants of P, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn and accumulation of Fe and Al oxides, respectively. The first factor could be used for overall assessment of P and heavy metal contamination, and was higher in the upper 45–90 cm than the lower depths of each core. The concentrations of P and heavy metals in the surface layers of sediments significantly increased, as compared with those in the sediments deeper than 45–90 cm. The PCA of water-soluble contaminants developed two factors. The second factor (Cu–P) was higher in the upper than the lower depths of the sediment, whereas the highest score of the first factor (Cd–Co–Cr–Ni–Pb–Zn–Mn) occurred below 100 cm. The water-soluble Cu and P concentrations were mainly dependent on their total concentrations in the sediments, whereas the water-soluble Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn concentrations were mainly controlled by pH. 相似文献
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Open burning of waste at dumpsites sites may alter many physical and chemical properties of underlining soil layers including
its ability to retard the migration of potential contaminants, such as lead, through the vadose zone. In this study, lead
sorption onto soil samples from Irbid that were subjected to high temperatures has been investigated. These samples were collected
from ground surface and heated to temperatures of 25, 70, 100, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 400, and 550°C. Based on these temperatures
the soil was divided into ten different groups. Each group was first characterized by conducting a set of experiments to estimate
the Atterberg limits (liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index), the organic carbon content, and a set of batch experiments
to study lead adsorption. Results indicate that the LL, PL, total organic carbon are slightly affected by high temperatures
less than 200°C, show an abrupt change between temperature from 200 and 300°C, and then slight change above 300°C. Sorption
of lead onto heated samples, however, was not significantly changed. This may be explained by the fact that adsorption of
heavy metals mainly occurs onto the soil mineral parts which are slightly affected by the temperature range used in this study. 相似文献