共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Energy harvesting is a topic of global interest in both academic research and practical application across many fields. The main concept in energy harvesting is to convert wasted ambient energy into useful electrical energy. In particular, piezoelectric materials can be used to convert strain energy into electric power directly, and piezoelectric materials can be used to harvest external vibration forces.This paper proposes and develops a highly flexible piezoelectric energy device (FPED) to harvest flow-induced vibration by converting ambient kinetic energy such as ocean, current and wind energy into electric power. The energy harvesting device uses piezoelectric layers (e.g. PVDF) and elastomer materials (e.g. rubber or silicone) to achieve high electric performance and efficiency. The design of the FPED was optimized by considering the aspect ratio, support system, initial tension and incorporates a bluff body to generate turbulence. A theoretical model based on the transfer matrix method was used with the initial tension force and natural frequency of the harvester. The model demonstrated the maximum electric performance and optimized the structural layers and size under the parameter studies. Numerical and experimental results proved the potential of the highly flexible piezoelectric energy device to convert ambient kinetic energy from flow-induced vibration into useful electrical energy. 相似文献
2.
Uzgur E. Markley D.C. Guo M. Snyder B. Meyer R.J. Dogan A. Newnham R.E. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2007,32(2):408-415
The hydrostatic pressure limit that a receiver can withstand without failure is of major importance in underwater sonar systems. In this paper, the hydrostatic pressure tolerance and sensitivity of cymbal receivers were investigated. The failure mode in cymbal transducers under hydrostatic pressure is described. Effects of cavity geometry and material selection on hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients and pressure limits were evaluated using both experimental data and finite-element analysis (FEA). It was found that cavity depth has a very strong effect on the stability of underwater sensitivity and pressure tolerance of these devices. Cymbals made with soft piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) possess higher figures of merit and better pressure tolerance than those made with hard PZTs. Alternatively, the cymbal sensitivity and pressure tolerance can be improved by changing the cap material. 相似文献
3.
Lane D.M. Davies J.B.C. Robinson G. O'Brien D.J. Sneddon J. Seaton E. Elfstrom A. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1999,24(1):96-111
This paper describes the mechanical design, finger modeling, and sensor signal processing for a dextrous subsea robot hand incorporating force and slip contact sensing. The hand uses a fluid-filled tentacle for each finger, which has inherent passive compliance, and no moving parts. Force sensing uses strain gauges mounted in the fingertip, potted within a silicon elastomer. Slip sensing uses a piezoelectric strip to detect vibration, embedded 1 mm below the elastomer surface. Static models of finger motion are presented and validated based on bending moments and hydraulic pressure. The design of a stochastic estimator is also described for sensor fusion of contact force magnitude and direction data, obtained using redundant strain gauges in the fingertip. Finally, linear dynamic models of the finger dynamics in contact with a rigid surface are obtained using least squares and recursive least squares parameter estimation, as a precursor to closed-loop force control during grasping 相似文献
4.
运用表观弹性法,采用二次径向谐振频率计算表观弹模量,设计高度与直径可比拟,谐振频率不满足压电晶片和金属圆片最低径向谐振频率方程的多维耦合振动复合电振子。用本方法设计垂直探鱼仪的换能器和提高优质单胞藻饲料多不饱和脂肪酸含量的超声辐射仪换能器。计算结果表明,理论与值与实验值相符合。这种方法简单,方地压电晶片的径向谐振频率低于换能器揩能器谐振频率的多维耦合振动复合压电振的设计。 相似文献
5.
D.A. Chapman 《Ocean Engineering》1984,11(4):327-361
The results of dynamic and steady-state cable simulations are used to show that a towed system can behave in either of two different ways on entering a turn. In a large radius turn the system maintains its straight-tow equilibrium configuration but in a slightly perturbed form. In a turn of small radius the system effectively collapses resulting in a large increase of fish depth and cable tension. A formula is included by which the approximate minimum radius of turn that does not precipitate collapse can be quickly calculated.Non-dimensional tables are presented giving details of the equilibrium configuration adopted by the cable when the ship maintains a circular course.Graphs are presented from which the time constants for the decay of lateral and longitudinal disturbances of 2-D cable profiles can be easily calculated. These can be used to estimate the time taken for a towed system to return to equilibrium following a manoeuvre.The derivation of the equations for the steady-state configurations and the time constants are included in appendices. 相似文献
6.
Taylor G.W. Burns J.R. Kammann S.A. Powers W.B. Welsh T.R. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2001,26(4):539-547
The Energy Harvesting Eel (Eel) is a new device that uses piezoelectric polymers to convert the mechanical flow energy, available in oceans and rivers, to electrical power. Eel generators make use of the regular trail of traveling vortices behind a bluff body to strain the piezoelectric elements; the resulting undulating motion resembles that of a natural eel swimming. Internal batteries are used to store the surplus energy generated by the Eel for later use by a small, unattended sensor or robot. Because of the properties of commercially available piezoelectric polymers, Eels will be relatively inexpensive and are easily scaleable in size and have the capacity to generate from milli-watts to many watts depending on system size and flow velocity of the local environment. A practical Eel structure has been developed that uses the commercially available piezoelectric polymer, PVDF. Future Eels may use more efficient electrostrictive polymer. Every aspect of the system from the interactions between the hydrodynamics of the water flow and structural elements of the Eel, through the mechanical energy input to the piezoelectric material, and finally the electric power output delivered through an optimized resonant circuit has been modeled and tested. The complete Eel system, complete with a generation and storage system, has been demonstrated in a wave tank. Future work on the Eel will focus on developing and then deploying a small, lightweight, one-watt power generation unit, initially in an estuary and then subsequently in the ocean. Such Eels will have the ability to recharge batteries or capacitors of a distributed robotic group, or remote sensor array, thus extending the mission life indefinitely in regions containing flowing water 相似文献
7.
An expedient piezoelectric coupled buoy energy harvester from ocean waves is developed. The harvester is made of several piezoelectric coupled cantilevers attached to a floating buoy structure, which can be easily suspended in the intermediate and deep ocean for energy harvesting. In the buoy structure, a slender cylindrical floater is attached on a large sinker. The energy harvesting process is realized by converting the transverse ocean wave energy to the electrical energy via the piezoelectric patches mounted on the cantilevers fixed on the buoy. A smart design of the buoy structure is developed to increase the energy harvesting efficiency by investigation of the effects of the sizes of the floater and the sinker. A numerical model is presented to calculate the generated electric power from buoy energy harvester. The research findings show that up to 24 W electric power can be generated by the proposed expedient buoy harvester with the length of the piezoelectric cantilevers of 1 m and the length of the buoy of 20 m. The technique proposed in this research can provide an expedient, feasible and stable energy supply from the floating buoy structure. 相似文献
8.
Eguchi Takao Fujinawa Yukio Fujita Eisuke Iwasaki Sin-Iti Watabe Isao Fujiwara Hiroyuki 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1998,20(2):73-94
We installed a real-time operating regional observation network of Ocean-Bottom-Seismometers, connected to an electro-optical fiber communication cable, at the Sagami trough subduction zone, just south of the Tokyo metropolitan area, central Japan. The network, called ETMC, has six seismic observation sites at approximately 20 km spacing. In addition, there are three tsunami observation sites along the ETMC network to monitor the propagation process of tsunamis around the Sagami trough region.The on-line data from the ETMC has been improving the detection capability of smaller-magnitude earthquakes even at areas close to the margin of the trough. The ETMC data analyzing system, which has a function of real-time digital filtering for each seismic channel, can read the arrival times of P- and S-waves precisely, constraining well the automatic on-line hypocenter locations. The network has been providing useful information regarding the bending and downgoing process of the Philippine sea plate at the Sagami trough subduction zone.The pressure sensors of the installed network have a detection capability of tsunami wave trains with an amplitude of less than 1 cm. For example, the sensors recorded the full time history of tsunami wave trains, with mm order resolution, originating from a tsunami earthquake with 5.7 MW and the tsunami magnitude of 7.5 occurred near Tori Shima (Tori Is.) of the Izu-Bonin Is. arc on September 4, 1996. The maximum amplitude of the tsunami signals on the trough-floor was approximately 1 cm (P-P), in contrast with approximately 20 cm (0-P) at a coastal site on Izu-Oshima, near the trough. Also, the pressure sensors observed tsunamis due to a large tsunami earthquake (7.1 MW) at the northern New Guinea, on July 17, 1998. 相似文献
9.
10.
The investigation of abyssal bedforms and sediment drifts as a tool for understanding the deep flow characteristics allows us to interprete that a benthic storm is primarily related to sediment distribution, development of longitudinal ripple marks, and concentration of suspended particulate matter. There explicitly exists a strong and periodical bottom flow which is called the benthic storm having a current speed of over 15 cm sec?1 and duration of more than two days. Hydrodynamic regime has been thought to affect underlying sediment textural natures which can be used to distinguish between bottom currents with different velocities. Therefore, concentration of medium silt mode (0.010–0.017 mm in size) delineates a high-velocity core of the benthic storm in the deep sea bottom. Bottom current measurements in most of the North Pacific Ocean indicate that present bottom current speeds are generally less than 10 cm sec?1. It appears likely, therefore, that significant erosion is not taking place today. However, at current passages, bases of sea mounts, and other topographic obstructions locally accelerated current flows are recognized to affect bottom configuration. While, it is concluded from bottom echo-characteristics and bottom current measurements that widespread occurrences of echo type 3 (sediment-drift deposit facies) recognized at 22°N and 42°N in the Northwest Pacific are associated with the North Equatorial current and the North Pacific current respectively, and can best be interpreted to be originated from benthic storms, the source of which were come from those surface currents. 相似文献
11.
An industry accepted standard does not currently exist for determination of compression limits in a subsea cable. This has resulted in most manufacturers specifying that subsea cables are not permitted to be axially loaded in compression.Additionally industry guidance does not exist regarding the consequences of inducing compression forces within subsea cables and the resulting effect on cable integrity. Industry recommended practice and guidance also does not have any information regarding experimental test arrangements to determine allowable compression levels within a subsea cable. This lack of modelling/testing guidance along with manufacturer recommendations of zero compressive loads within subsea cables results in overly conservative and restrictive design parameters for subsea cable installation and use.Due to the complex interaction within a subsea cable structure, such as contact interaction and friction between cable strands, theoretical modelling has been unable to provide reliable stress predictions and therefore an experimental testing regime is required if compression limits within the cable are to be appropriately determined. This paper describes combined axial and bending test arrangements that can be used as a guideline for determination of allowable compression limits for subsea cables. 相似文献
12.
In order to design submarine optical-fiber cable, it is very important to clarify the cable tension and fiber elongation during laying because the fiber elongation allowance is very small. When submarine cable is being laid from a cable ship, cable weight in water plus such additional tension as bottom tension caused by the negative slack and tension due to ship motion work upon the cable [1]. Cable tension changes during laying were theoretically studied. This paper quantitatively clarifies bottom tension dependence at the touchdown point caused by the negative slack upon both water depth and ship velocity. It is shown that the shallower the water depth is and the faster the ship velocity is, the larger the bottom tension is. The theoretical bottom tension showed good agreement with the experimental value measured during sea trials on laying submarine optical-fiber cable [2], [3]. This paper also describes the correlation between cable, ship motion, and cable tension vibration by examining experimental results. It quantitatively clarifies the tension vibration magnitude. 相似文献
13.
浅层沉积物不排水抗剪强度（Su）是深水作业的关键参数之一。为了获取南海神狐海域首次海域天然气水合物试采区W18-19框体的基本工程地质特征,试采工程准备阶段开展了原位孔压静力触探测试（CPTU）及大量的室内实验。本文将主要基于CPTU计算不排水抗剪强度的基本模型,采用微型十字板、电动十字板、袖珍贯入仪及不固结不排水三轴实验,确定该区域不排水抗剪强度的基本模式,并提出适用于南海神狐钙质黏土层的不排水抗剪强度纵向分布规律计算模型,对该区域水合物上覆层的不排水抗剪强度进行预测。 结果表明,基于总锥端阻力、有效锥端阻力、超孔隙压力的模型系数分为13.8、4.2、14.4。综合考虑地层压实效应和含气情况,本文提出的分段函数预测模型与室内结果的一致性较好,可用于工程设计阶段进行工区不排水抗剪强度纵向分布规律的预测。另外,基于有效锥端阻力的不排水抗剪强度经验模型适应于浅层极软-较硬压实的钙质粘土层,基于超孔隙压力的不排水抗剪强度模型适用于较硬-坚硬的不含气层,而基于总锥端阻力的不排水抗剪强度计算模型则适用于坚硬含气的钙质黏土层。本文提出的分段函数模型有效的提高了经验模型在南海神狐水合物赋存区的适用性,计算结果可为工程安全评价提供支撑。 相似文献
14.
A cabled ocean observatory system that can provide abundant power and broad bandwidth communication for undersea instruments is developed. A 10 kV direct current (kVDC) with up to 10 kW power, along with 1 Gigabit/sec Ethernet communication, can be transmitted from the shore to the seafloor through an umbilical armored cable. A subsea junction box is fixed at a cable terminal, enabling the extension of up to nine connections. The box consists of three main pressure vessels that perform power conversion, power distribution, and real-time communication functions. A method of stacking modules is used to design the power conversion system in order to reduce the 10 kV voltage to levels that can power the attached instruments. A power distribution system and an Ethernet communication system are introduced to control the power supply and transmit data or commands between the terminals and the shore station, respectively. Specific validations of all sections were qualified in a laboratory environment prior to the sea trial. The ocean observatory system was then deployed at the coast of the East China Sea along with three in situ instruments for a 14-day test. The results show that this high voltage-powered observatory system is effective for subsea long-term and real-time observations. 相似文献
15.
Hirata K. Aoyagi M. Mikada H. Kawaguchi K. Kaiho Y. Iwase R. Morita S. Fujisawa I. Sugioka H. Mitsuzawa K. Suyehiro K. Kinoshita H. Fujiwara N. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2002,27(2):170-181
A permanent real-time geophysical observatory using a submarine cable was developed and deployed to monitor seismicity, tsunamis, and other geophysical phenomena in the southern Kurile subduction zone. The geophysical observatory comprises six bottom sensor units, two branching units, a main electro-optical cable with a length of 240 km and two land stations. The bottom sensor units are: 1) three ocean bottom broadband seismometers with hydrophone; 2) two pressure gauges (PGs); 3) a cable end station with environmental measurement sensors. Real-time data from all the undersea sensors are transmitted through the main electro-optical cable to the land station. The geophysical observatory was installed on the continental slope of the southern Kurile trench, southeast Hokkaido, Japan in July 1999. Examples of observed data are presented. Sensor noises and resolution are mentioned for the ocean bottom broadband seismometers and the PGs, respectively. An adaptable observation system including very broadband seismometers is scheduled to be connected to the branching unit in late 2001. The real-time geophysical observatory is expected to greatly advance the understanding of geophysical phenomena in the southern Kurile subduction zone 相似文献
16.
This paper analyses nonlinear dynamics of cable towed body system. The cable has been modeled and analyzed using a new nodal position finite element method, which calculates the position of the cable directly instead of the displacement by the existing finite element method. The newly derived nodal position finite element method eliminates the need of decoupling the rigid body motion from the total motion, where numerical errors arise in the existing nonlinear finite element method, and the limitation of small rotation in each time step in the existing nonlinear finite element method. The towed body is modeled as a rigid body with six degrees of freedom while the tow ship motion is treated as a moving boundary to the system. A special procedure has been developed to couple the cable element with the towed body. The current approach can be used as design tool for achieving improved directional stability, maneuverability, safety and control characteristics with the cable towed body. The analysis results show the elegance and robustness of the proposed approach by comparing with the sea trial data. 相似文献
17.
18.
The three-dimensional array of current velocity and temperature sensors for the Internal Wave Experiment (IWEX) was supported on a tripod mooring rising from the sea floor to a height of 5 km in water
km deep. The mooring was so designed that its current-induced motions would be small, as required by the experiment. Sensitivity of the mooring excursions to cable buoyancy, leg inclination, apex buoyancy and cable size was examined by computer simulation to optimize the design.When deployed the mooring carried nine precision pressure recorders to monitor its configuration and stability. After removal of the tidal pressure variations, the pressure records confirmed vertical excursions small enough to contribute only insignificant noise to the velocity measurements. Comparison of the measured excursions with those predicted by computer simulation using actual current measurements showed good agreement. 相似文献
19.
Effects of using inclined parametric echosounding on sub-bottom acoustic imaging and advances in buried object detection 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jens Schneider von Deimling Philipp Held Peter Feldens Dennis Wilken 《Geo-Marine Letters》2016,36(2):113-119
This study reports an adaptation of a parametric echosounder system using 15 kHz as secondary frequency to investigate the angular response of sub-bottom backscatter strength of layered mud, providing a new method for enhanced acoustic detection of buried targets. Adaptions to achieve both vertical (0°) and non-vertical inclination (1–15°, 30°, 45° and 60°) comprise mechanical tilting of the acoustic transducer and electronic beam steering. Data were acquired at 18 m water depth at a study site characterized by a flat, muddy seafloor where a 0.1 m diameter power cable lies 1–2 m below the seafloor. Surveying the cable with vertical incidence revealed that the buried cable can hardly be discriminated against the backscatter strength of the layered mud. However, the backscatter strength of layered mud decreases strongly at >3±0.5° incidence and the layered mud echo pattern vanishes beyond 5°. As a consequence, the backscatter pattern of the buried cable is very pronounced in acoustic images gathered at 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° incidence. The size of the cable echo pattern increases linearly with incidence. These effects are attributed to reflection loss from layered mud at larger incidence and to the scattering of the 0.1 m diameter buried cable. Data analyses support the visual impression of superior detection of the cable with an up to 2.6-fold increase of the signal-to-noise ratio at 40° incidence compared to the vertical incidence case. 相似文献
20.
Towed linear arrays of hydrophones are used in various applications, for example, seismic prospecting. Tow cable vibration is capable of causing output in the towed array system. Since one of the factors limiting acoustic sensitivity is self-noise, the general objective of this analysis is to investigate the nature of longitudinal and transverse cable vibrations, with the aim of minimizing vibration transmitted to the array. The equations of transverse cable motion are derived and solved for a single-póint excitation and for distributed-vortex excitation. The response to vortex-shedding excitation along the first 150 ft of array-end cable is quantitatively evaluated and compared with actual tow-trial measurements. Two types of longitudinal vibration are analyzed, one caused by direct excitation along the cable axis, and one caused indirectly by transverse cable vibration. Fluid drag and hysteretic damping are included in the analysis. 相似文献