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1.
夏季东亚和印度热带季风环流系统动能和对流扰动的纬向传播特征 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
使用1980~1997年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及日本的TBB/GMS资料讨论了亚洲季风系统中印度和东亚两个子系统中热带季风变化(扰动)源地及变化后的纬向传播特性. 18a的结果表明, 在夏季热带季风主体的5º~15ºN范围内, 东亚夏季风系统中纬向风虽然为西风, 但绝大多数动能扰动和对流扰动均起源于140º~150ºE, 向西经南海传播到孟加拉湾(90º~100ºE). 而在印度夏季风系统中, 18a中有12a动能扰动起源于阿拉伯海向东传播到孟加拉湾, 东端抵达90ºE, 其余年份并无明显东西向传播特征. 因而, 在亚洲5º~15ºN夏季风主体区域内, 虽然均由西南季风控制, 但存在传播特性相反的东亚和印度两个子系统, 两个系统交界约在90º~95ºE, 比过去提出的交界经度105ºE更偏西一些. 以上结果也表明东亚夏季风环流系统在东西方向上主要受热带西太平洋影响而不是受来自孟加拉湾的印度季风影响. 相反, 印度季风环流系统除了受阿拉伯海影响外还部分受东亚季风系统影响. 相似文献
2.
通过一系列的理想数值试验,研究了亚、非地区热带次尺度的海陆分布和青藏高原大地形在亚洲夏季风形成中的作用.试验结果显示：海陆分布的存在以及海陆分布的几何形状对亚洲夏季风的形成有非常重要的影响.下垫面全是海洋,没有陆地时,无季风现象的存在.当仅有副热带大尺度陆地,而缺乏南亚次尺度陆地和非洲大陆热带陆地时,夏季无明显的越赤道气流,仅在欧亚副热带陆地的东南部有弱的季风,无印度、孟加拉湾和南海夏季风.中南半岛、印度半岛和非洲大陆热带陆地的存在,在夏季引导南半球的东南信风越赤道转向为西南气流,使得南海的北部、中南半岛、孟加拉湾和印度半岛、阿拉伯海上空的低层为强西南气流控制,印度、孟加拉湾和南海夏季风产生.副热带陆地向热带的深入对副热带陆上产生夏季强对流性降水起着至关重要的作用.青藏高原的存在加强了高原东侧的季风,使得季风区向北发展,青藏高原对东亚季风起放大器的作用;减弱了高原西侧的季风,使得季风区向南收缩. 相似文献
3.
印度夏季风的爆发与中国长江流域梅雨的遥相关分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用印度和中国地区的降水资料及NCEP／NCAR再分析环流资料,通过相关分析和合成分析,详细讨论了印度夏季风的爆发与中国长江流域梅雨的遥相关关系．结果发现：印度西南部的克拉拉邦地区夏季风爆发后两周左右,中国长江流域梅雨开始．印度夏季风爆发后,形成从印度西海岸经孟加拉湾到达中国长江流域及日本南部地区的遥相关型,它在时间和空间上都不同于盛夏期间印度夏季风经青藏高原影响中国华北降水的遥相关型．前者可称为亚洲夏季风的“南支”遥相关型,主要发生在季风爆发初期;后者可称为“北支”遥相关型,主要形成于亚洲季风盛期．在“南支”遥相关型形成的过程中,亚洲季风环流发生了一系列重要变化,印度夏季风爆发、南亚高压北进、中层爆发性涡旋出现、低层热带西风带不断加强东传及西太平洋副高北跳东退．结果,在印度夏季风爆发后两周左右,高层南亚高压控制了整个亚洲地区,而在中低层,则形成一条从阿拉伯海经印度南部、孟加拉湾和南海,再沿西太平洋副热带高压的西边界到达中国长江流域及日本南部的强西风带;由于副热带急流的北跳,在东亚地区上空形成相互耦合的高、低空西风急流,而长江流域则正好位于高、低空急流之间,高空急流入口区右侧和低空急流左侧的上升运动区,因此触发了长江流域梅雨的发生． 相似文献
4.
利用1979—2013年NCEP/DOE再分析资料的大气多要素日平均资料、美国NOAA日平均向外长波辐射资料和ERSST月平均海温资料,分析赤道大气季节内振荡(简称MJO)活动对南海夏季风爆发的影响及其与热带海温信号等的协同作用.结果表明,赤道MJO活动与南海夏季风爆发密切联系,MJO的湿位相(即对流活跃位相)处于西太平洋位相时,有利于南海夏季风爆发,而MJO湿位相处于印度洋位相时,则不利于南海夏季风爆发.赤道MJO活动影响南海夏季风爆发的物理过程主要是大气对热源响应的结果,当MJO湿位相处于西太平洋位相时,一方面热带西太平洋对流加强使潜热释放增加,导致处于热源西北侧的南海—西北太平洋地区对流层低层由于Rossby响应产生气旋性环流异常,气旋性环流异常则有利于西太平洋副热带高压的东退,另一方面菲律宾附近热源促进对流层高层南亚高压在中南半岛和南海北部的建立,使南海地区高层为偏东风,从而有利于南海夏季风建立;当湿位相MJO处于印度洋位相时,热带西太平洋对流减弱转为大气冷源,情况基本相反,不利于南海夏季风建立.MJO活动、孟加拉湾气旋性环流与年际尺度海温变化协同作用,共同对南海夏季风爆发迟早产生影响,近35年南海夏季风爆发时间与海温信号不一致的年份,基本上是由于季节转换期间的MJO活动特征及孟加拉湾气旋性环流是否形成而造成,因此三者综合考虑对于提高季风爆发时间预测水平具有重要意义. 相似文献
5.
本文利用"模式手术"方法研究了西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)对东亚—西北太平洋区域大尺度环流的影响.结果表明,夏季频繁的西北太平洋TC活动导致东亚夏季风增强,季风槽加深;西太平洋副热带高压东退,位置偏北;东亚副热带高空急流强度增强,北太平洋(东亚大陆)上急流轴偏北(偏南);热带地区(副热带地区)的对流层中低层出现异常上升气流(下沉气流),并且从低纬向高纬呈现异常上升气流和异常下沉气流交替分布特征.在中国东南沿海,TC降水导致夏季降水量明显增加;而在长江中下游和华北地区,TC活动引起的异常下沉气流使夏季降水量显著减少.因此,夏季西北太平洋TC活动对东亚—西北太平洋区域气候有显著影响. 相似文献
6.
基于位涡（PV）理论并运用1998年个例分析,本文研究了非绝热加热弓I发的南亚高压不稳定增长及其对印度季风爆发的影响,探讨印度季风爆发的主要原因．1998年印度季风的爆发与前期徘徊于阿拉伯海南部的热带低压北移发展有关,而高低空涡旋系统锁相斜压发展是中低层热带低压迅速北移发展的主要原因．研究表明孟加拉湾季风和南海季风爆发后,在东亚和东南亚强降水释放的潜热加热激发下,南亚高压不稳定增强,位涡（PV）纬向非对称强迫发展,高压东侧北风弓l导高纬度高PV南下,在平流作用下可达高压西北侧,其上不断有高PV涡旋向西输送,是春末夏初阿拉伯海高层PV异常的主要来源．355K上从南亚高压东北侧平流到阿拉伯海上空的高PV涡强迫出气旋性环流,使该处南亚高压产生气旋性弯曲,辐散增强,在高层形成抽吸作用．低空原位于阿拉伯海低纬度的涡旋向北移动,高层高位涡向下向南伸展,在其强迫下,低涡系统出现斜压不稳定发展,最终增长成为印度季风爆发涡旋,导致印度夏季风爆发．研究还表明,阿拉伯半岛对流层中层副热带高压的变化是导致印度季风爆发的另一重要因素．季风爆发前,阿拉伯半岛维持强感热加热,对流层中层春季位于阿拉伯海上空的副高向西撤退至阿拉伯半岛上并迅速增强,位涡纬向非对称强迫逐渐发展;副高东侧的北风引导高纬度高PV南下,在阿拉伯海形成一高PV槽,有助于低纬热带低压北移正压发展为印度季风爆发涡旋．由此表明,与孟加拉湾季风爆发和南海季风爆发不同,印度夏季风爆发是发生在特定的高、中、低层充分耦合的环流背景下的、受动力和热力共同驱动的特殊过程． 相似文献
7.
本文采用OLR和风场等NCEP再分析资料、日本APHRO_MA_V1003R1降水资料和CPC提供的MJO指数,分析了1979～2008年南海夏季风的季节内振荡特征和年际差异、对应的低频环流和对流场及降水分布、夏季风ISO的传播路径以及热带印度洋MJO对南海夏季风ISO的影响,发现：（1）气候均态下的南海夏季风在夏季（5～8月）共有3次ISO波动.每一次完整波动中经历发展-最强-减弱-抑制-最弱-恢复的6个位相（弱位相除外）.由于热带低频对流的东传和北传,在阿拉伯海-西太平洋纬带上,1～3位相和4～6位相的低频对流场和环流场呈反位相特征.对应雨带分布在1～3位相和4～6位相也大致呈反位相特征,20°N以南的热带地区主要是雨带随着低频对流的东移而东移,而20°N以北的东亚副热带地区则主要是雨带随着南海低频对流的北移而北移.（2）南海夏季风ISO强度具有显著年际变化特征.在南海夏季风ISO强年,夏季共有3次较强的ISO波动,前两次均来自于热带印度洋ISO先北传到孟加拉湾、再沿10°～20°N纬带东传到南海、在南海加强并激发ISO的北传,构成热带印度洋ISO向我国华南的经纬向接力传播;而在南海夏季风ISO弱年,其振荡强度大为减小且很不规律,ISO的经纬向传播也较弱;在平均状况下,热带印度洋ISO向南海的传播需要约20d左右（1/2个ISO周期）的时间.（3）MJO1（CPC提供的MJO指数第一模态）在4月第1～2候的平均值与南海夏季风ISO强度呈显著负相关,当热带印度洋MJO在4月第1～2候较活跃时,在随后5～8月中也大致偏强,ISO向南海地区的传播也较强,使得南海夏季风ISO加强;反之,则南海夏季风ISO将减弱.MJO在4月第1～2候的异常状况可以为我们预测随后的南海夏季风ISO强度以及分析相关地区的降水异常提供一定的理论依据. 相似文献
8.
青藏高原热力作用对北半球气候影响的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
总结了近年来关于青藏高原热力作用的气候特征及其对北半球区域气候影响的研究成果,主要包括：青藏高原热力作用不仅对亚洲季风和降水变率有着重要影响,而且还通过激发类似于亚洲．太平洋涛动的大尺度遥相关,影响着北美和欧洲以及南印度洋的大气环流和气候．青藏高原气候不是被动的受热带太平洋海温影响,它也可以通过北太平洋大气环流调制着太平洋热带和中纬度海．气相互作用．春、夏季青藏高原加热异常通过影响北太平洋副热带高压、哈德莱（Hadley）环流和赤道辐合带（ITCZ）,调制着热带ENSO发展,因此研究从青藏高原气候异常来预测ENSO发展的方法是必要的．这体现了北半球海．陆．气相互作用的本质．由于过去的研究更多地集中在青藏高原对亚洲季风区气候的影响方面,因而加强研究青藏高原在北半球乃至全球气候变化中的作用十分必要． 相似文献
9.
对大气大洋耦合环流作直接的统计动力分析, 即将大气环流风场和大洋上层环流场看作一个整体, 作经验正交函数(矢量)展开, 从而可以得到在统计意义上的海气耦合模态和分析耦合的特征. 应用该方法对5月份热带印度洋区域(含南海)的大气大洋耦合环流进行联合统计动力分析, 得到以下结论: 第1模态是南海夏季风模态, 该模态时间系数序列有明显的两个态, 分别代表季风爆发前、后的大气、大洋环流并与南海夏季风爆发的迟早有密切关系; 在南海夏季风爆发偏早(晚)的年份, 印度洋表层到次表层的海温距平大多呈正(负)IOD形态, 印度洋赤道辐合带的上升运动和在该带南北两侧的动力性补偿下沉运动均偏强(弱); 总的说来该模态中大洋次表层到表层的流与地面风方向一致, 这表明该流是风生流. 第2模态反映ENSO在印度洋的延伸, 其时间系数序列也有两个态, 分别与Niño 3, 4区的海温异常相关较好. 相似文献
10.
本文基于大气环流模式CAM,对青藏高原大地形进行简单处理并积分15年,在月和候时间尺度上对比分析了东亚夏季风对高原的响应特征.模式模拟结果表明:高原的隆升加强偏北风,使热带季风爆发之前华南及长江流域的降水加强,并通过对高层大气的显著加热作用,强化了东亚地区上层大气的南北热力差异,使得东亚夏季风加强.在西南风引导下,暖湿气流北上并使长江及江淮流域梅雨期提前,雨量加大且持续时间更长,进而使太平洋副热带高压位置偏西,并改变了东部沿海地区的降雨分布,使其呈现出旱涝相间分布的状况.自7月上旬,高原的存在反而减弱了北方雨季的降雨强度,但是延长了北方降雨期.同时由于降雨释放潜热减少与偏南风加强的作用相互消减,使得337.5假相当位温线到达最北时的位置变化不大. 相似文献
11.
Dynamical mechanism of the stratospheric quasibiennial oscillation impact on the South China Sea Summer Monsoon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The National Center for the Atmospheric Research (NCAR) middle atmospheric model is used to study the effects of the quasi-biennial oscillation in the stratosphere (QBO) on the tropopause and uppe troposphere, and the relationship between the QBO and South China Sea Summer Monsoon (SCSSM is explored through NCEP (the National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR, ECMWF (Euro pean Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) monthly mean wind data and in situ sounding data The simulations show that the QBO-induced residual circulations propagate downwards, and affect the tropopause and upper troposphere during the periods of mid-late QBO phase and phase transition Meanwhile, diagnostic analyses indicate that anomalous circulation similar to SCSSM circulation is generated to strengthen the SCSSM during the easterly phase and anomalous Hadley-like circulation weakens the SCSSM during the westerly. Though the QBO has effects on the SCSSM by meridiona circulation, it is not a sole mechanism on the SCSSM TBO mode. 相似文献
12.
Teleconnection between the Indian summer monsoon onset and the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Based on the Indian and Chinese precipitation data and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis circulation data, the relationship between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset and the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley has been discussed by the methods of correlation analysis and composite analysis. The results show that the date of ISM onset over Kerala in the southwestern coast of the Indian Peninsula is about two weeks earlier than the beginning of the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley. After the outbreak of ISM, the teleconnection mode sets up from the western coast of India via the Bay of Bengal (BOB) to the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan. It is different both in time and space from the telecon- nection mode which is from the northwest of India via the Tibetan Plateau to northern China. The for- mer mode is defined as the "south" teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon, forming in the pe- riod of ISM onset; while the latter mode is called the "north" teleconnection, mainly occurring in the Asian monsoon culminant period. During the process of the "south" teleconnection’s formation, the Asian monsoon circulation has experienced a series of important changes: ISM onset, the northward movement of the south Asia high (SAH), the onset vortex occurrence, the eastward extension of the stronger tropical westerly belt, and the northeastward jump of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), etc. Consequently, since ISM sets up over Kerala, the whole Asian continent is covered by the upper SAH after about two weeks, while in the mid- and lower troposphere, a strong wind belt forms from the Arabian Sea via the southern India, BOB and the South China Sea (SCS), then along the western flank of WPSH, to the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan. With the northward moving of the subtropical jet streams, the upper westerly jet stream and the low level jet have been coupled ver- tically over east Asia, while the Yangtze River Valley happens to locate in the ascending motion area between the upper jet stream and the low level jet, i.e. right of the entrance of the upper jet stream and left of the low level jet. Such a structure of the vertical circulation can trigger the Meiyu onset over the Yangtze River Valley. 相似文献
13.
Ocean Dynamics - During the summer monsoon, the southern Bay of Bengal (BoB) hosts a cyclonic circulation known as Sri Lanka Dome (SLD) and the swift Summer Monsoon Current (SMC), which advects... 相似文献
14.
Simulation of South-Asian Summer Monsoon in a GCM 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. S. Ajayamohan 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(10):2117-2140
Major characteristics of Indian summer monsoon climate are analyzed using simulations from the upgraded version of Florida
State University Global Spectral Model (FSUGSM). The Indian monsoon has been studied in terms of mean precipitation and low-level
and upper-level circulation patterns and compared with observations. In addition, the model's fidelity in simulating observed
monsoon intraseasonal variability, interannual variability and teleconnection patterns is examined. The model is successful
in simulating the major rainbelts over the Indian monsoon region. However, the model exhibits bias in simulating the precipitation
bands over the South China Sea and the West Pacific region. Seasonal mean circulation patterns of low-level and upper-level
winds are consistent with the model's precipitation pattern. Basic features like onset and peak phase of monsoon are realistically
simulated. However, model simulation indicates an early withdrawal of monsoon. Northward propagation of rainbelts over the
Indian continent is simulated fairly well, but the propagation is weak over the ocean. The model simulates the meridional
dipole structure associated with the monsoon intraseasonal variability realistically. The model is unable to capture the observed
interannual variability of monsoon and its teleconnection patterns. Estimate of potential predictability of the model reveals
the dominating influence of internal variability over the Indian monsoon region. 相似文献
15.
During the summer monsoon season over India a range of intraseasonal modulations of the monsoon rains occur due to genesis of weather disturbances over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and the east Arabian Sea. The amplitudes of the fluctuations in the surface state of the ocean (sea-surface temperature and salinity) and atmosphere are quite large due to these monsoonal modulations on the intraseasonal scale as shown by the data collected during the field programs under Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX) and Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiments (ARMEX). The focus of BOBMEX was to understand the role of ocean-atmospheric processes in organizing convection over the BOB on intra-seasonal scale. ARMEX-I was aimed at understanding the coupled processes in the development of deep convection off the West Coast of India. ARMEX-II was focused on the formation of the mini-warm pool across the southeast Arabian Sea in April-May and its role in the abrupt onset of the monsoon along the Southwest Coast of India and its further progress along the West Coast of India. The paper attempts to integrate the results of the observational studies and brings out an important finding that atmospheric instability is prominently responsible for convective organization whereas the upper ocean parameters regulate the episodes of the intraseasonal oscillations. 相似文献
16.
The effects of asymmetric potential vorticity forcing on the instability of South Asia High and Indian summer monsoon onset 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the theory of potential vorticity(PV),the unstable development of the South Asia High(SAH)due to diabatic heating and its impacts on the Indian Summer Monsoon(ISM)onset are studied via a case diagnosis of 1998.The Indian Summer Monsoon onset in 1998 is related to the rapidly strengthening and northward moving of a tropical cyclone originally located in the south of Arabian Sea.It is demonstrated that the rapid enhancement of the cyclone is a consequence of a baroclinic development characterized by the phase-lock of high PV systems in the upper and lower troposphere.Both the intensification of the SAH and the development of the zonal asymmetric PV forcing are forced by the rapidly increasing latent heat released from the heavy rainfall in East Asia and South East Asia after the onsets of the Bay of Bengal(BOB)monsoon and the South China Sea(SCS)monsoon.High PV moves southwards along the intensified northerlies on the eastern side of the SAH and travels westwards on its south side,which can reach its northwest.Such a series of high PV eddies are transported to the west of the SAH continuously,which is the main source of PV anomalies in the upper troposphere over the Arabian Sea from late spring to early summer.A cyclonic curvature on the southwest of the SAH associated with increasing divergence,which forms a strong upper tropospheric pumping,is generated by the anomalous positive PV over the Arabian Sea on 355 K.The cyclone in the lower troposphere moves northwards from low latitudes of the Arabian Sea,and the upper-layer high PV extends downwards and southwards.Baroclinic development thus occurs and the tropical low-pressure system develops into an explosive vortex of the ISM,which leads to the onset of the ISM.In addition,evolution of subtropical anticyclone over the Arabian Peninsula is another important factor contributing to the onset of the ISM.Before the onset,the surface sensible heating on the Arabian Peninsula is very strong.Consequently the subtropical anticyclone which dominated the Arabian Sea in spring retreats westwards to the Arabian Peninsula and intensifies rapidly.The zonal asymmetric PV forcing develops gradually with high PV eddies moving southwards along northerlies on the eastern side of the anticyclone,and a high PV trough is formed in the middle troposphere over the Arabian Sea,which is favorable to the explosive barotropic development of the tropical cyclone into the vortex.Results from this study demonstrate that the ISM onset,which is different from the BOB and the SCS monsoon onset,is a special dynamical as well as thermodynamic process occurring under the condition of fully coupling of the upper,middle,and lower tropospheric circulations. 相似文献
17.
This study addresses an understanding of the possible mutual interactions of sub-seasonal variability of the two neighboring
regional monsoon systems through data analysis. The NCEP/NCAR re-analysis and OLR data for three years was used to reveal
the large-scale organization of convective episodes on synoptic (~5 days) and low frequency (15–50 day) scales. It is found
that synoptic scale organization over both the sectors is influenced by the eastward migration of large-scale convective episodes
associated with the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the low frequency scale. The organization of convection associated
with the African monsoon on the synoptic scale is influenced by the pulsatory character of lower mid-troposphere and upper
troposphere wind regimes moving westward over the African sector. Over the Indian region formation of low pressure areas and
depressions in the monsoon trough occur in an overlapping manner under an envelope of low frequency seasonal oscillation.
We have also found some correspondence between the summer monsoon rainfall over tropical North Africa and India on a decadal
basis, which would suggest a common mode of multi-decadal variability in the two monsoon systems. The study points out the
need to organize simultaneous field campaigns over the Indian and the African monsoon regions so as to bring out observational
features of possible interactions between the two neighboring systems, which could then be validated through modeling studies. 相似文献
18.
Orissa State, a meteorological subdivision of India, lies on the east coast of India close to north Bay of Bengal and to the
south of the normal position of the monsoon trough. The monsoon disturbances such as depressions and cyclonic storms mostly
develop to the north of 15° N over the Bay of Bengal and move along the monsoon trough. As Orissa lies in the southwest sector
of such disturbances, it experiences very heavy rainfall due to the interaction of these systems with mesoscale convection
sometimes leading to flood. The orography due to the Eastern Ghat and other hill peaks in Orissa and environs play a significant
role in this interaction. The objective of this study is to develop an objective statistical model to predict the occurrence
and quantity of precipitation during the next 24 hours over specific locations of Orissa, due to monsoon disturbances over
north Bay and adjoining west central Bay of Bengal based on observations to up 0300 UTC of the day. A probability of precipitation
(PoP) model has been developed by applying forward stepwise regression with available surface and upper air meteorological
parameters observed in and around Orissa in association with monsoon disturbances during the summer monsoon season (June-September).
The PoP forecast has been converted into the deterministic occurrence/non-occurrence of precipitation forecast using the critical
value of PoP. The parameters selected through stepwise regression have been considered to develop quantitative precipitation
forecast (QPF) model using multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) for categorical prediction of precipitation in different ranges
such as 0.1–10, 11–25, 26–50, 51–100 and >100 mm if the occurrence of precipitation is predicted by PoP model. All the above
models have been developed based on data of summer monsoon seasons of 1980–1994, and data during 1995–1998 have been used
for testing the skill of the models. Considering six representative stations for six homogeneous regions in Orissa, the PoP
model performs very well with percentages of correct forecast for occurrence/non-occurrence of precipitation being about 96%
and 88%, respectively for developmental and independent data. The skill of the QPF model, though relatively less, is reasonable
for lower ranges of precipitation. The skill of the model is limited for higher ranges of precipitation.
accepted September 2006 相似文献
19.
The δ18O variations in an 80.36 m ice core retrieved in the accumulation zone of the East Rongbuk Glacier, Mount Qomolangma (Everest), is not consistent with changes of air temperature from both southern and northern slopes of Himalayas, as well as these of the temperature anomalies over the Northern Hemisphere. The negative relationship between the δ18O and the net accumulation records of the ice core suggests the "amount effect" of summer precipitation on the δ18O values in the region. Therefore, the δ18O records of the East Rongbuk ice core should be a proxy of Indian Summer Monsoon intensity, which shows lower δ18O values during strong monsoon phases and higher values during weak phases. 相似文献