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1.
本文运用NCAR/NCEP再分析数据和APHRO_MA_V1003R1降水数据,对比分析了孟加拉湾西南季风和南海热带季风的气候特征异同以及对降水分布的影响,得到如下结论:(1)孟加拉湾西南季风比南海热带季风爆发更早、强度更强、持续时间更久、向北推进更北.(2)孟加拉湾西南季风建立过程缓慢,主要是索马里越赤道西南气流的逐渐加强和热带印度洋ITCZ(赤道辐合带)的逐渐北移;而南海热带季风建立过程迅速,主要是东亚大槽的一次替换过程伴随西太平洋副热带高压的突然东撤和热带西太平洋ITCZ的突然北跳.(3)孟加拉湾西南风纬向分量较强,季风建立前后主要变化在于偏西风的强度;而南海西南风经向分量较强,季风建立后风向突然逆转,东南风由于副高东撤而迅速被西南风取代.(4)孟加拉湾西南季风撤退较快,而南海季风则撤退较慢.(5)根据季风进程将夏季风期划分为季风发展期(5月)、强盛期(6-8月)和减退期(9-10月).其间对流活跃区的发展和推进、季风槽的位置以及对应降水区域均有明显差异.(6)在夏季风期,孟加拉湾和南海经度上分别存在着由ITCZ北抬引起的、在季风槽对流活跃区上升而在南北两侧下沉的、南北对称分布的季风经向次级环流.由于孟加拉湾和青藏高原强大热源的存在,孟加拉湾上升区南北跨度比南海的更大;孟加拉湾经圈环流更加稳定,而南海经圈环流的南北摆动更明显;孟加拉湾上升中心区比南海的偏北;在季风减退期,由于南海ITCZ撤退较慢,其上升区比孟加拉湾上升区偏北. 相似文献
2.
亚澳“大陆桥”对流影响东亚夏季风建立的可能机制 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
亚澳“大陆桥”是北半球春季亚洲季风区对流最活跃的地区, 对流的建立和推进与东亚夏季风建立关系密切. 早在4月中旬, 中南半岛即有对流出现, 对季风环流演变有重要影响. 4月中旬以前, 中南半岛和印度半岛对大气的加热均以感热为主, 视加热率随高度递减. 之后中南半岛由于对流建立而转为潜热加热, 对流层中低层视加热率随高度递增. 这种加热率的垂直分布以及与印度半岛加热之间的差异, 是导致副高带在孟加拉湾上空断裂的关键. 中南半岛上空加热率垂直梯度的变化超前于孟加拉湾涡度的变化, 是上述机制的有力证据. 副高带断裂后, 中南半岛及附近地区对流进一步加强. 此后,对流加热、副高东撤和季风推进之间存在一种正反馈关系, 是夏季风和对流自中南半岛推进至南海地区的一种可能机制. 相似文献
3.
印度夏季风的爆发与中国长江流域梅雨的遥相关分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用印度和中国地区的降水资料及NCEP／NCAR再分析环流资料,通过相关分析和合成分析,详细讨论了印度夏季风的爆发与中国长江流域梅雨的遥相关关系．结果发现：印度西南部的克拉拉邦地区夏季风爆发后两周左右,中国长江流域梅雨开始．印度夏季风爆发后,形成从印度西海岸经孟加拉湾到达中国长江流域及日本南部地区的遥相关型,它在时间和空间上都不同于盛夏期间印度夏季风经青藏高原影响中国华北降水的遥相关型．前者可称为亚洲夏季风的“南支”遥相关型,主要发生在季风爆发初期;后者可称为“北支”遥相关型,主要形成于亚洲季风盛期．在“南支”遥相关型形成的过程中,亚洲季风环流发生了一系列重要变化,印度夏季风爆发、南亚高压北进、中层爆发性涡旋出现、低层热带西风带不断加强东传及西太平洋副高北跳东退．结果,在印度夏季风爆发后两周左右,高层南亚高压控制了整个亚洲地区,而在中低层,则形成一条从阿拉伯海经印度南部、孟加拉湾和南海,再沿西太平洋副热带高压的西边界到达中国长江流域及日本南部的强西风带;由于副热带急流的北跳,在东亚地区上空形成相互耦合的高、低空西风急流,而长江流域则正好位于高、低空急流之间,高空急流入口区右侧和低空急流左侧的上升运动区,因此触发了长江流域梅雨的发生． 相似文献
4.
青藏高原大地形的热力强迫作用对亚洲夏季风的形成和发展具有重要的影响.本文利用较高分辨率的WRF区域模式,探讨了高原不同区域(斜坡和平台)的地形加热分别对南亚夏季风和东亚夏季风的影响.结果表明:高原南部喜马拉雅山脉的斜坡地形加热对其周围局地的环流形势和降水影响十分明显,是南亚夏季风北支分量形成和维持的主导因子,也是斜坡上气流爬坡和降水发生的必要条件.斜坡加热对东亚夏季风也有明显的增强作用,它不仅加强了中国东部低空西南季风环流,还会造成北部南下的异常干冷空气的响应.斜坡上的地形加热作用也是对流层高层暖中心位置维持在斜坡上空的一个重要原因.而高原平台加热对季风环流和降水的影响虽然没有喜马拉雅山脉斜坡加热那么显著,但是对南亚夏季风的影响范围更广,对经向哈得来环流影响更明显,能够调控高原以外更远处热带洋面上的西南季风环流.通过比较高原不同区域地形加热条件下的多种季风指数,进一步表明了高原地形加热对南亚和东亚夏季风均有增强作用,但是高原不同区域的地形加热对两类夏季风子系统又会产生不一样的影响. 相似文献
5.
亚-非-澳洲季风区和干旱区的面积约占这三大洲陆地总面积的60%以上.基于新生代以来亚-非-澳洲季风和干旱环境以及东半球海陆分布和青藏高原等地形显著变化的地质事实,利用全球海-气耦合模式开展新生代5个特征地质时期气候模拟试验,系统探讨了新生代亚-非-澳洲季风区和干旱区形成演化及其受大陆漂移和高原隆升的影响.结果表明,亚-非-澳洲季风区和干旱区形成的时间和原因明显不同.北非与南非季风在古新世中期已经存在,南亚次大陆季风在始新世印度大陆移入北半球热带后开始出现,而东亚和澳大利亚北部季风在中新世才建立.北非、南非、南亚和澳大利亚热带季风的建立是大陆漂移的位置和热带辐合带季节性迁移共同决定的,而青藏高原的位置和高度则是东亚季风建立的关键因素.北非、南非、亚洲和澳大利亚副热带干旱区的存在取决于大陆的位置和行星尺度副热带高压的控制,阿拉伯半岛和西亚干旱区的发展与区域尺度海陆变迁,特别是古特提斯海的退缩密切相关,而亚洲内陆中纬度干旱区的形成则是青藏高原隆升的结果.这一研究揭示了地球构造边界条件在地质时期区域气候环境形成演化中的重要作用. 相似文献
6.
夏季东亚和印度热带季风环流系统动能和对流扰动的纬向传播特征 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
使用1980~1997年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及日本的TBB/GMS资料讨论了亚洲季风系统中印度和东亚两个子系统中热带季风变化(扰动)源地及变化后的纬向传播特性. 18a的结果表明, 在夏季热带季风主体的5º~15ºN范围内, 东亚夏季风系统中纬向风虽然为西风, 但绝大多数动能扰动和对流扰动均起源于140º~150ºE, 向西经南海传播到孟加拉湾(90º~100ºE). 而在印度夏季风系统中, 18a中有12a动能扰动起源于阿拉伯海向东传播到孟加拉湾, 东端抵达90ºE, 其余年份并无明显东西向传播特征. 因而, 在亚洲5º~15ºN夏季风主体区域内, 虽然均由西南季风控制, 但存在传播特性相反的东亚和印度两个子系统, 两个系统交界约在90º~95ºE, 比过去提出的交界经度105ºE更偏西一些. 以上结果也表明东亚夏季风环流系统在东西方向上主要受热带西太平洋影响而不是受来自孟加拉湾的印度季风影响. 相反, 印度季风环流系统除了受阿拉伯海影响外还部分受东亚季风系统影响. 相似文献
7.
利用1979—2013年NCEP/DOE再分析资料的大气多要素日平均资料、美国NOAA日平均向外长波辐射资料和ERSST月平均海温资料,分析赤道大气季节内振荡(简称MJO)活动对南海夏季风爆发的影响及其与热带海温信号等的协同作用.结果表明,赤道MJO活动与南海夏季风爆发密切联系,MJO的湿位相(即对流活跃位相)处于西太平洋位相时,有利于南海夏季风爆发,而MJO湿位相处于印度洋位相时,则不利于南海夏季风爆发.赤道MJO活动影响南海夏季风爆发的物理过程主要是大气对热源响应的结果,当MJO湿位相处于西太平洋位相时,一方面热带西太平洋对流加强使潜热释放增加,导致处于热源西北侧的南海—西北太平洋地区对流层低层由于Rossby响应产生气旋性环流异常,气旋性环流异常则有利于西太平洋副热带高压的东退,另一方面菲律宾附近热源促进对流层高层南亚高压在中南半岛和南海北部的建立,使南海地区高层为偏东风,从而有利于南海夏季风建立;当湿位相MJO处于印度洋位相时,热带西太平洋对流减弱转为大气冷源,情况基本相反,不利于南海夏季风建立.MJO活动、孟加拉湾气旋性环流与年际尺度海温变化协同作用,共同对南海夏季风爆发迟早产生影响,近35年南海夏季风爆发时间与海温信号不一致的年份,基本上是由于季节转换期间的MJO活动特征及孟加拉湾气旋性环流是否形成而造成,因此三者综合考虑对于提高季风爆发时间预测水平具有重要意义. 相似文献
8.
利用NCEP/NCAR R1再分析资料,分析了阿拉伯海上空对流层低层惯性不稳定现象对印度夏季风爆发过程的影响,揭示了纬向地转动量的纬向平流在惯性不稳定中的重要作用.研究表明,在印度夏季风爆发过程中,由于强烈的跨赤道气压梯度,对流层低层的绝对涡度零线(η=0)在阿拉伯海南部上空自赤道向北推进,从而在北半球近赤道区域形成负绝对涡度区,该区域表现出明显的自由惯性不稳定.在摩擦作用下,当气流自南向北通过这一区域时,在绝对涡度零线北侧出现低层辐合中心,有利于低纬度对流发展.然而这种经典的惯性不稳定对流只出现在近赤道地区,对印度季风爆发的直接影响不明显.另一方面在η=0线北侧海平面低压中心南部,尽管该区域大气处于惯性稳定状态,低空西风气流的发展造成明显的纬向地转动量的纬向平流.理论和诊断分析表明,该纬向地转动量平流与南北方向海陆热力差异沿着纬圈非均匀分布密切相关,它引起低空辐合中心出现在印度大陆西南海岸低空急流附近及其北侧,为印度夏季风爆发提供有利的低空环流条件.说明春末夏初阿拉伯海地区低层对流的发展除了受摩擦惯性不稳定影响外,更受到海陆热力差异纬向分布不均匀的强烈影响.此外,在印度夏季风爆发前,对流层高层的南亚高压东伸发展,将中纬度高位涡输送到阿拉伯海上空,形成局地"喇叭口"状流场,产生明显的高空抽吸作用,为夏季风的爆发推进提供了有利的高空背景条件.当其与南北海陆热力对比的纬向差异所强迫的低空辐合中心在印度大陆西南海岸附近垂直耦合引起大气斜压不稳定发展时,激发了印度夏季风爆发. 相似文献
9.
利用1979～2003年的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料探讨了亚澳季风区经向气流的季节性分支和结构特征. 结果表明,亚澳季风区经向气流的垂直斜压结构由冬到夏发生季节性转向,即从冬季时的低层北风、高层南风转换为夏季时的低层南风、高层北风. 季节反向的经向气流主体偏向北半球,其区域差异性在对流层中低层更为显著. 以印度半岛和中南半岛为界,亚洲热带季风区中低层经向气流在冬夏季均呈现三通道特征,与此相应,亚澳季风区自西向东存在三支相对独立的经向环流分支,且冬夏季的差异均很显著,如冬季的中心高度自西向东递减、夏季的经向跨度自西向东递增等. 相似文献
10.
基于1961-2016年国家气象信息中心整编的气象台站逐日降水以及NCAR/NCEP再分析等资料,对我国典型夏季风影响过渡区夏季降水的异常时空特征及成因进行分析,结果表明：典型夏季风影响过渡区夏季降水EOF展开第一模态呈全区一致性特征,而且该模态时间系数没有明显的长期变化趋势,第二模态呈西北和东南反位相变化特征.相关分析表明夏季中纬度西风带是影响典型夏季风影响过渡区夏季降水异常的最主要因子,高原夏季风为次要因子,东亚夏季风的影响较弱,而且东亚夏季风主要通过其子系统——西太平洋副热带高压的东西摆动来影响.此外在夏季中纬度西风偏弱年,高空急流位置偏南,急流轴在典型夏季风影响过渡区向东南方向发生了"倾斜",对应500 hPa呈异常的西北气流控制,同时由于高空急流在过渡区减弱,使得高层发生异常的气流辐合,低层辐散,通过高低层环流之间的质量和动量调整,垂直场表现为异常下沉运动,低层的辐散也减弱了西南暖湿气流的北上,水汽来源少,最终使得典型夏季风影响过渡区夏季降水偏少,反之亦然.这是夏季中纬度西风带影响典型夏季风影响过渡区夏季降水的可能机理. 相似文献
11.
Teleconnection between the Indian summer monsoon onset and the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Based on the Indian and Chinese precipitation data and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis circulation data, the relationship between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset and the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley has been discussed by the methods of correlation analysis and composite analysis. The results show that the date of ISM onset over Kerala in the southwestern coast of the Indian Peninsula is about two weeks earlier than the beginning of the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley. After the outbreak of ISM, the teleconnection mode sets up from the western coast of India via the Bay of Bengal (BOB) to the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan. It is different both in time and space from the telecon- nection mode which is from the northwest of India via the Tibetan Plateau to northern China. The for- mer mode is defined as the "south" teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon, forming in the pe- riod of ISM onset; while the latter mode is called the "north" teleconnection, mainly occurring in the Asian monsoon culminant period. During the process of the "south" teleconnection’s formation, the Asian monsoon circulation has experienced a series of important changes: ISM onset, the northward movement of the south Asia high (SAH), the onset vortex occurrence, the eastward extension of the stronger tropical westerly belt, and the northeastward jump of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), etc. Consequently, since ISM sets up over Kerala, the whole Asian continent is covered by the upper SAH after about two weeks, while in the mid- and lower troposphere, a strong wind belt forms from the Arabian Sea via the southern India, BOB and the South China Sea (SCS), then along the western flank of WPSH, to the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan. With the northward moving of the subtropical jet streams, the upper westerly jet stream and the low level jet have been coupled ver- tically over east Asia, while the Yangtze River Valley happens to locate in the ascending motion area between the upper jet stream and the low level jet, i.e. right of the entrance of the upper jet stream and left of the low level jet. Such a structure of the vertical circulation can trigger the Meiyu onset over the Yangtze River Valley. 相似文献
12.
The effects of asymmetric potential vorticity forcing on the instability of South Asia High and Indian summer monsoon onset 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the theory of potential vorticity(PV),the unstable development of the South Asia High(SAH)due to diabatic heating and its impacts on the Indian Summer Monsoon(ISM)onset are studied via a case diagnosis of 1998.The Indian Summer Monsoon onset in 1998 is related to the rapidly strengthening and northward moving of a tropical cyclone originally located in the south of Arabian Sea.It is demonstrated that the rapid enhancement of the cyclone is a consequence of a baroclinic development characterized by the phase-lock of high PV systems in the upper and lower troposphere.Both the intensification of the SAH and the development of the zonal asymmetric PV forcing are forced by the rapidly increasing latent heat released from the heavy rainfall in East Asia and South East Asia after the onsets of the Bay of Bengal(BOB)monsoon and the South China Sea(SCS)monsoon.High PV moves southwards along the intensified northerlies on the eastern side of the SAH and travels westwards on its south side,which can reach its northwest.Such a series of high PV eddies are transported to the west of the SAH continuously,which is the main source of PV anomalies in the upper troposphere over the Arabian Sea from late spring to early summer.A cyclonic curvature on the southwest of the SAH associated with increasing divergence,which forms a strong upper tropospheric pumping,is generated by the anomalous positive PV over the Arabian Sea on 355 K.The cyclone in the lower troposphere moves northwards from low latitudes of the Arabian Sea,and the upper-layer high PV extends downwards and southwards.Baroclinic development thus occurs and the tropical low-pressure system develops into an explosive vortex of the ISM,which leads to the onset of the ISM.In addition,evolution of subtropical anticyclone over the Arabian Peninsula is another important factor contributing to the onset of the ISM.Before the onset,the surface sensible heating on the Arabian Peninsula is very strong.Consequently the subtropical anticyclone which dominated the Arabian Sea in spring retreats westwards to the Arabian Peninsula and intensifies rapidly.The zonal asymmetric PV forcing develops gradually with high PV eddies moving southwards along northerlies on the eastern side of the anticyclone,and a high PV trough is formed in the middle troposphere over the Arabian Sea,which is favorable to the explosive barotropic development of the tropical cyclone into the vortex.Results from this study demonstrate that the ISM onset,which is different from the BOB and the SCS monsoon onset,is a special dynamical as well as thermodynamic process occurring under the condition of fully coupling of the upper,middle,and lower tropospheric circulations. 相似文献
13.
Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation and its association with the Asian summer monsoon 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Using correlation and EOF analyses on sea level pressure from 57-year NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, the Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation (APNPO) is identified. The APNPO reflects the co-variability between the North Pacific high and South Asian summer monsoon low. This teleconnec- tion pattern is closely related to the Asian summer monsoon. On interannual timescale, it co-varies with both the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and South Asian summer monsoon (SASM); on decadal timescale, it co-varies with the EASM: both exhibit two abrupt climate changes in the middle 1960s and the late 1970s respectively. The possible physical process for the connections between the APNPO and Asian summer monsoon is then explored by analyzing the APNPO-related atmospheric circulations. The results show that with a strong APNPO, the Somali Jet, SASM flow, EASM flow, and South Asian high are all enhanced, and an anomalous anticyclone is produced at the upper level over northeast China via a zonal wave train. Meanwhile, the moisture transportation to the Asian monsoon regions is also strengthened in a strong APNPO year, leading to a strong moisture convergence over India and northern China. All these changes of circulations and moisture conditions finally result in an anoma- lous Asian summer monsoon and monsoon rainfall over India and northern China. In addition, the APNPO has a good persistence from spring to summer. The spring APNPO is also significantly corre- lated with Asian summer monsoon variability. The spring APNPO might therefore provide valuable in- formation for the prediction of Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献
14.
Possible mechanism of the effect of convection over Asian-Australian "land bridge" on the East Asian summer monsoon onset 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Asian-Australian "land bridge" is an area with the most vigorous convection in Asian monsoon region in boreal spring, where the onset and march of convection are well associated with the onset of East Asian summer monsoon. The convection occurs over Indo-China Peninsula as early as mid-April, which exerts critical impact on the evolution of monsoon circulation. Before mid-April there are primarily sensible heatings to the atmosphere over Indo-China Peninsula and Indian Peninsula, so the apparent heating ratios over them decrease with height. However, after mid-April it changes into latent heating over Indo-China Peninsula due to the onset of convection, and the apparent heating ratio increases with height in mid- and lower troposphere. The vertical distribution of heating ratio and its differences between Indo-China Peninsula and Indian Peninsula are the key factors leading to the splitting of boreal subtropical high belt over the Bay of Bengal. Such mechanism is strongly supported by the fact that the evolution of the vertical heating ratio gradient above Indo-China Peninsula leads that of 850 hPa vorticity over the Bay of Bengal. Convections over Indo-China Peninsula and its surrounding areas further increase after the splitting. Since then, there is a positive feedback lying among the convective heating, the eastward retreat of the subtropical high and the march of monsoon, which is a possible mechanism of the advance of summer monsoon and convection from Indo-China Peninsula to South China Sea. 相似文献
15.
大量地质证据表明,上新世以来(最近5 MaB.P.)青藏高原北部及非洲东部和南部地区出现过显著的构造隆升,而与此同时亚洲季风也经历了显著变化,这两者之间是否存在着因果联系一直是地学界所关心和争论的一个重要科学问题.本文利用美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)的公用大气模式(CAM 3.1)就上新世以来青藏高原北部及东-南非高原的构造隆升对亚洲夏季风气候变化的影响进行了数值试验研究.结果表明,上新世以来亚洲夏季风的增强与两地构造隆升密切相关,但两者隆升对于亚洲季风子系统的作用是有区别的.青藏高原北部隆升主要造成东亚北部夏季风的增强及季风降水的增多,但对南亚夏季风的作用较小;东-南非高原的隆升明显增强南亚夏季风,但对东亚北部夏季风的影响有限. 相似文献
16.
本文应用欧洲中期预报中心（ECMWF,European Centre for Medium\|Range Weather Forecasts—ERA\|40）资料和美国国家环境预测中心和国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR, National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)资料,研究了青藏高原雪深变化对南海夏季风爆发的影响和ENSO对青藏高原降雪的影响.结果表明：（1）ECMWF的雪深资料是可信的,可以用来研究青藏高原雪深变化对南海夏季风爆发的影响;（2）青藏高原的积雪异常影响到500 hPa以上的温度异常和印度洋与大陆间的气温对比,一方面使上层的南亚高压移动速度发生变化,另一方面也影响到低层大气的运动和东西向风异常,在青藏高原少雪年,东印度洋产生西风异常和一个气旋对,而在青藏高原多雪年,东印度洋产生东风异常和一个反气旋对;（3）ENSO与青藏高原春季积雪关系密切.东太平洋SST正异常时,东印度洋和南海气压偏高,从而导致该区海陆经向压强梯度增强和西风异常.另外,此时青藏高原北部气压偏高,北风偏强,副热带锋面增强,同时,印度洋的SST偏高,为青藏高原降雪提供了水汽保障,这些都有利于青藏高原的降雪. 相似文献
17.
Possible mechanism of the effect of convection over Asian-Australian “land bridge” on the East Asian summer monsoon onset 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Asian-Australian “land bridge” is an area with the most vigorous convection in Asian monsoon region in boreal spring,
where the onset and march of convection are well associated with the onset of East Asian summer monsoon. The convection occurs
over Indo-China Peninsula as early as mid-April, which exerts critical impact on the evolution of monsoon circulation. Before
mid-April there are primarily sensible heatings to the atmosphere over Indo-China Peninsula and Indian Peninsula, so the apparent
heating ratios over them decrease with height. However, after mid-April it changes into latent heating over Indo-China Peninsula
due to the onset of convection, and the apparent heating ratio increases with height in mid-and lower troposphere. The vertical
distribution of heating ratio and its differences between Indo-China Peninsula and Indian Peninsula are the key factors leading
to the splitting of boreal subtropical high belt over the Bay of Bengal. Such mechanism is strongly supported by the fact
that the evolution of the vertical heating ratio gradient above Indo-China Peninsula leads that of 850 hPa vorticity over
the Bay of Bengal. Convections over Indo-China Peninsula and its surrounding areas further increase after the splitting. Since
then, there is a positive feedback lying among the convective heating, the eastward retreat of the subtropical high and the
march of monsoon, which is a possible mechanism of the advance of summer monsoon and convection from Indo-China Peninsula
to South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
利用1979-2009年NCEP第二套大气再分析资料和ERSST海温资料,分析南海夏季风爆发时间的年际和年代际变化特征,考察南海夏季风爆发早晚与南大洋海温之间的联系.主要结果为:(1)南海夏季风爆发时间年际和年代际变化明显,1979-1993年与1994-2009年前后两个阶段爆发时间存在阶段性突变;(2)南海夏季风爆发时间与前期冬季(12-1月)印度洋-南大洋(0-80°E,75°S-50°S)海温、春季(2-3月)太平洋-南大洋(170°E -80°W,75°S-50°S)海温都存在正相关关系,当前期冬、春季南大洋海温偏低(高)时,南海夏季风爆发偏早(晚).南大洋海温信号,无论是年际还是年代际变化,都对南海夏季风爆发具有一定的预测指示作用;(3)南大洋海温异常通过海气相互作用和大气遥相关影响南海夏季风爆发的迟早.当南大洋海温异常偏低(偏高)时,冬季南极涛动偏强(偏弱),同时通过遥相关作用使热带印度洋-西太平洋地区位势高度偏低(偏高)、纬向风加强(减弱),热带大气这种环流异常一直维持到春季4、5月份,位势高度和纬向风异常范围逐步向北扩展并伴随索马里越赤道气流的加强(减弱),从而为南海夏季风爆发偏早(偏晚)提供有利的环流条件.初步分析认为,热带大气环流对南大洋海气相互作用的遥响应与半球际大气质量重新分布引起的南北涛动有关. 相似文献