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1.
亚洲干旱半干旱区占据北半球中纬度的大片区域,其主体是中东亚干旱半干旱区,该区域降水稀少、生态环境脆弱,对全球气候变化响应敏感.中东亚干旱半干旱区东部处于东亚季风区的边缘,受西风环流和季风环流的共同影响;中部和西部主要处于西风带气候区,为西风环流所控制.研究大气环流对中东亚干旱半干旱区气候的影响,对于认识和预测该区域的气候具有重要意义.基于近年来国内外学者针对大气环流对亚洲中、东部干旱半干旱区气候影响的研究,文章进行了系统回顾和总结.已有研究表明,大气环流对中东亚干旱半干旱区的气候具有不可忽视的影响.在强夏季风年,中国西北地区东南部受东亚夏季风影响,水汽通量显著增加,降水偏多;而弱夏季风年则相反,随着东亚夏季风的减弱,季风边缘的半干旱区气候呈现变干趋势;南亚季风的加强则使得更多的水汽输送至亚洲干旱半干旱区;高原夏季风与中亚地区夏季降水呈显著的正相关关系,而与中国华北地区、蒙古地区的夏季降水呈负相关.西风指数与中东亚干旱区的气温有显著的正相关关系,西风环流的变化可能是影响中亚干旱区降水变化的主要因素. 相似文献
2.
大量地质证据表明,上新世以来(最近5 MaB.P.)青藏高原北部及非洲东部和南部地区出现过显著的构造隆升,而与此同时亚洲季风也经历了显著变化,这两者之间是否存在着因果联系一直是地学界所关心和争论的一个重要科学问题.本文利用美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)的公用大气模式(CAM 3.1)就上新世以来青藏高原北部及东-南非高原的构造隆升对亚洲夏季风气候变化的影响进行了数值试验研究.结果表明,上新世以来亚洲夏季风的增强与两地构造隆升密切相关,但两者隆升对于亚洲季风子系统的作用是有区别的.青藏高原北部隆升主要造成东亚北部夏季风的增强及季风降水的增多,但对南亚夏季风的作用较小;东-南非高原的隆升明显增强南亚夏季风,但对东亚北部夏季风的影响有限. 相似文献
3.
边界层参数化方案及海气耦合对WRF模拟东亚夏季风的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
区域气候模式的边界层参数化方案很大程度上影响着陆地-海洋-大气间水汽、动量及热量的交换,该方案的不确定性会给模式结果带来明显误差.本文基于WRF区域气候模式中四种常用的边界层参数化方案(YSU,ACM2,BouLac和MYJ)分别对东亚夏季风进行模拟研究,分析了不同的边界层方案对东亚夏季风环流及降水模拟的影响.结果表明,局地湍流动能方案BouLac和MYJ对东亚夏季风的模拟结果相对于非局地闭合方案YSU和ACM2更接近于观测,前者能更好的模拟出中国东部中低空西南风气流和西太平洋副热带高压.对于东亚夏季风降水,无论是空间分布还是季节内演变,BouLac和MYJ方案都要明显优于YSU和ACM2.此外,通过对比YSU和BouLac两种方案的模拟结果,发现边界层方案对东亚夏季风的模拟在海洋区域的影响更为显著.造成不同方案模拟差异的主要原因是非局地方案YSU和ACM2的边界层垂直混合偏强,使得海表向上输送的潜热通量明显偏强,对流更活跃,导致降水偏多以及相应季风环流的异常偏差.进一步研究指出缺少海气反馈过程使得WRF模式由边界层方案引起的模拟误差在海洋区域更为突出,引入海气耦合可以减小海表热通量误差并明显改善东亚夏季风的模拟结果. 相似文献
4.
通过一系列的理想数值试验，研究了亚、非地区热带次尺度的海陆分布和青藏高原大地形在亚洲夏季风形成中的作用.试验结果显示：海陆分布的存在以及海陆分布的几何形状对亚洲夏季风的形成有非常重要的影响.下垫面全是海洋，没有陆地时，无季风现象的存在.当仅有副热带大尺度陆地，而缺乏南亚次尺度陆地和非洲大陆热带陆地时，夏季无明显的越赤道气流，仅在欧亚副热带陆地的东南部有弱的季风，无印度、孟加拉湾和南海夏季风.中南半岛、印度半岛和非洲大陆热带陆地的存在，在夏季引导南半球的东南信风越赤道转向为西南气流，使得南海的北部、中南半岛、孟加拉湾和印度半岛、阿拉伯海上空的低层为强西南气流控制，印度、孟加拉湾和南海夏季风产生.副热带陆地向热带的深入对副热带陆上产生夏季强对流性降水起着至关重要的作用.青藏高原的存在加强了高原东侧的季风，使得季风区向北发展，青藏高原对东亚季风起放大器的作用；减弱了高原西侧的季风，使得季风区向南收缩. 相似文献
5.
本文基于大气环流模式CAM,对青藏高原大地形进行简单处理并积分15年,在月和候时间尺度上对比分析了东亚夏季风对高原的响应特征.模式模拟结果表明:高原的隆升加强偏北风,使热带季风爆发之前华南及长江流域的降水加强,并通过对高层大气的显著加热作用,强化了东亚地区上层大气的南北热力差异,使得东亚夏季风加强.在西南风引导下,暖湿气流北上并使长江及江淮流域梅雨期提前,雨量加大且持续时间更长,进而使太平洋副热带高压位置偏西,并改变了东部沿海地区的降雨分布,使其呈现出旱涝相间分布的状况.自7月上旬,高原的存在反而减弱了北方雨季的降雨强度,但是延长了北方降雨期.同时由于降雨释放潜热减少与偏南风加强的作用相互消减,使得337.5假相当位温线到达最北时的位置变化不大. 相似文献
6.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(11)
中国科学院地学部在第33次科学与技术前沿论坛对气溶胶与季风相互作用进行了深入讨论和评估.本文综述了在此次论坛上所报告的国际和中国气溶胶与东亚季风相互作用有关的研究进展.研究表明:(1)东亚季风能影响气溶胶的输送,特别是可以为由气溶胶引起的持续性强雾-霾天气过程的生成和发展提供适宜的大气环流背景场,东亚季风还在季节、年际、年代际等多时间尺度上影响气溶胶的输送和空间分布特征,季风区域的高水汽特征还可能影响气溶胶的光学及辐射效应;(2)已有证据表明气溶胶对于中国部分区域云的物理特征和降水有明显影响,在东南沿海地区,增加气溶胶的含量可能会抑制轻型和中度降水,对强降水可能有强化作用,但是此问题极为复杂,值得深入研究;(3)东亚夏季风活动的年际变化对中国区域气溶胶浓度和空间分布有明显影响,而且近几十年季风的减弱很可能利于区域气溶胶浓度增加.同时期,中国大气污染排放量的显著增加很可能减小了海陆温差和纬向差异,也不利于季风的增强.此外,文章对未来加强季风与气溶胶相互作用的研究给出了部分参考建议,还指出气溶胶对于东亚季风环流影响研究的不确定性. 相似文献
7.
利用最新一代气候模式结果对政府间气候变化委员会0PCC）SRESA1B情景（中等排放情景）下的东亚夏季降水和季风环流未来演变特征进行了预测．结果表明,东亚地区的降水在未来将会增加,在21世纪40年代末（2040s年代末）出现阶段性变化,在此之前降水的增加量较小（～1％）,并有较明显的振荡特征,而在2040s年代末之后降水明显增加（～9％）,中国东部地区进入全面的多雨期．这种变化以华北最为明显,华南和长江中下游地区次之．而气候模式对未来中国东部夏季降水型预测的EOF分析表明,未来百年中国东部的雨型将以多雨型为主,相应的时间系数在2040s年代末后进入正位相的高值期,而其它降水型的方差贡献较小,无明显变化趋势．相应,未来东亚地区的夏季风环流将会加强,在低层这主要是由于西北太平洋地区的副热带反气旋西北侧西南气流加强的结果;而在高层主要是由于南亚上空异常反气旋东侧东北气流加强的结果．这一季风环流的加强在中国东部也呈现出阶段性的变化特征,在2040s年代末之后东亚夏季风得到全面加强．同时,未来东亚大气中的水汽含量将会逐渐增加,进入中国东部地区的西南水汽输送在2040s年代末也出现阶段性的增强．这说明,在全球气候变化的背景下,东亚地区的水循环和环流场对全球变暖的响应基本一致,即降水和水汽的增加对应着季风环流的加强,降水的变化是气候变暖条件下动力和热力学因子共同作用的结果． 相似文献
8.
本文运用NCAR/NCEP再分析数据和APHRO_MA_V1003R1降水数据,对比分析了孟加拉湾西南季风和南海热带季风的气候特征异同以及对降水分布的影响,得到如下结论:(1)孟加拉湾西南季风比南海热带季风爆发更早、强度更强、持续时间更久、向北推进更北.(2)孟加拉湾西南季风建立过程缓慢,主要是索马里越赤道西南气流的逐渐加强和热带印度洋ITCZ(赤道辐合带)的逐渐北移;而南海热带季风建立过程迅速,主要是东亚大槽的一次替换过程伴随西太平洋副热带高压的突然东撤和热带西太平洋ITCZ的突然北跳.(3)孟加拉湾西南风纬向分量较强,季风建立前后主要变化在于偏西风的强度;而南海西南风经向分量较强,季风建立后风向突然逆转,东南风由于副高东撤而迅速被西南风取代.(4)孟加拉湾西南季风撤退较快,而南海季风则撤退较慢.(5)根据季风进程将夏季风期划分为季风发展期(5月)、强盛期(6-8月)和减退期(9-10月).其间对流活跃区的发展和推进、季风槽的位置以及对应降水区域均有明显差异.(6)在夏季风期,孟加拉湾和南海经度上分别存在着由ITCZ北抬引起的、在季风槽对流活跃区上升而在南北两侧下沉的、南北对称分布的季风经向次级环流.由于孟加拉湾和青藏高原强大热源的存在,孟加拉湾上升区南北跨度比南海的更大;孟加拉湾经圈环流更加稳定,而南海经圈环流的南北摆动更明显;孟加拉湾上升中心区比南海的偏北;在季风减退期,由于南海ITCZ撤退较慢,其上升区比孟加拉湾上升区偏北. 相似文献
9.
本文根据青藏高原主体72个气象站日测资料建立的积雪序列分析了高原积雪对长江流域夏季降水的影响,高原冬春积雪异常与长江流域汛期特别是6、7月降水呈显著的正相关关系.青藏高原冬春多雪年,随后夏季多出现Ⅱ、Ⅲ类雨型,长江中游和下游鄱阳湖地区多偏涝;青藏高原冬春少雪年,随后夏季多出现Ⅰ、Ⅱ类雨型,长江下游鄱阳湖地区多偏旱,长江中游多正常偏旱.多(少)雪年东亚洲大陆上空的气温明显偏低(高),而大陆南部海洋上空的气温明显偏高(低),降低(增加)了陆海温差,延迟(促进)了东亚夏季风的到来,一定程度上减弱(加强)东亚季风的强度.多(少)雪随后夏季,由于南亚夏季风和东亚夏季风都明显减弱(增强),对流层中低层从孟加拉湾吹向中南半岛的西南风减弱(增强),我国大陆东部的南风也明显减弱(增强),西太副高偏南(北);青藏高原东南侧到中南半岛北部的上升运动较弱(强),长江中下游及其以东洋面上升运动较强(弱),长江中下游地区多(少)雨. 相似文献
10.
夏季东亚和印度热带季风环流系统动能和对流扰动的纬向传播特征 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
使用1980~1997年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及日本的TBB/GMS资料讨论了亚洲季风系统中印度和东亚两个子系统中热带季风变化(扰动)源地及变化后的纬向传播特性. 18a的结果表明, 在夏季热带季风主体的5º~15ºN范围内, 东亚夏季风系统中纬向风虽然为西风, 但绝大多数动能扰动和对流扰动均起源于140º~150ºE, 向西经南海传播到孟加拉湾(90º~100ºE). 而在印度夏季风系统中, 18a中有12a动能扰动起源于阿拉伯海向东传播到孟加拉湾, 东端抵达90ºE, 其余年份并无明显东西向传播特征. 因而, 在亚洲5º~15ºN夏季风主体区域内, 虽然均由西南季风控制, 但存在传播特性相反的东亚和印度两个子系统, 两个系统交界约在90º~95ºE, 比过去提出的交界经度105ºE更偏西一些. 以上结果也表明东亚夏季风环流系统在东西方向上主要受热带西太平洋影响而不是受来自孟加拉湾的印度季风影响. 相反, 印度季风环流系统除了受阿拉伯海影响外还部分受东亚季风系统影响. 相似文献
11.
Impacts of boundary layer parameterization schemes and air-sea coupling on WRF simulation of the East Asian summer monsoon 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The planetary boundary layer(PBL)scheme in the regional climate model(RCM)has a significant impact on the interactions and exchanges of moisture,momentum,and energy between land,ocean,and atmosphere;however,its uncertainty will cause large systematic biases of RCM.Based on the four different PBL schemes(YSU,ACM2,Boulac,and MYJ)in Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model,the impacts of these schemes on the simulation of circulation and precipitation during the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)are investigated.The simulated results of the two local turbulent kinetic energy(TKE)schemes,Boulac and MYJ,are more consistent with the observations than those in the two nonlocal closure schemes,YSU and ACM2.The former simulate more reasonable low-level southwesterly flow over East China and west pacific subtropical high(WPSH)than the latter.As to the modeling of summer monsoon precipitation,both the spatial distributions and temporal evolutions from Boulac and MYJ are also better than those in YSU and ACM2 schemes.In addition,through the comparison between YSU and Boulac experiments,the differences from the results of EASM simulation are more obvious over the oceanic area.In the experiments with the nonlocal schemes YSU and ACM2,the boundary layer mixing processes are much stronger,which lead to produce more sea surface latent heat flux and enhanced convection,and finally induce the overestimated precipitation and corresponding deviation of monsoon circulation.With the further study,it is found that the absence of air-sea interaction in WRF may amplify the biases caused by PBL scheme over the ocean.Consequently,there is a reduced latent heat flux over the sea surface and even more reasonable EASM simulation,if an ocean model coupled into WRF. 相似文献
12.
《水文科学杂志》2012,57(2):242-253
ABSTRACTThe Source Region of Three Rivers (SRTR) has experienced wetter summer seasons than before in recent decades due to climate change. As the most important source of surface water, precipitation plays a key role in supplying the three largest rivers. This study investigates the impacts of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) on precipitation in the SRTR. Using wavelet analysis tools, we found that: (i) summer precipitation in the SRTR showed notably different responses to the monsoon variability among the 14 stations studied; (ii) the influence of the EASM and SASM on summer precipitation was stronger in the southern and eastern SRTR; but (iii) this influence quickly dampened from southeast to northwest and became almost indiscernible in the northwestern SRTR. This research may help to increase the accuracy of long-term monsoon-rainfall prediction and improve water resource management in the SRTR. 相似文献
13.
Mechanism of the Spring Persistent Rains over southeastern China 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
The Spring Persistent Rains (SPR) in the areas to the south of middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River or over southeastern China (SEC) is a unique synoptic and climatic phenomenon in East Asia. This study reveals a possible mechanism responsible for the climatic cause of SPR formation through climatic mean data analysis and sensitive numerical model experiments. SEC is located at the down-stream of the southwesterly velocity center (SWVC) which lies on the southeastern flank of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). As a result, there are strong southwesterly wind velocity convergence and moisture con-vergence over SEC. This is the immediate climatic cause of SPR formation. In spring, the seasonal evolution of the southwesterly velocity consists with the surface sensible heating over southeastern TP, indicating that the formation of SPR is related to not only the southwesterly wind of mechanical de-flected flow of TP, but also the southwesterly wind of thermal-forced cyclonic low circulation. Sensitive numerical experiments demonstrate that, without TP, both SWVC and the SPR rain belt will disappear. The southwesterly wind velocity increases almost linearly with the amount of the total diabatic heating with TP rising. Therefore, SWVC is the result of the mechanical forcing and thermal forcing of TP. All these strongly suggest that the presence of TP plays a primary role in the climatic formation of SPR. 相似文献
14.
Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation and its association with the Asian summer monsoon 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Using correlation and EOF analyses on sea level pressure from 57-year NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, the Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation (APNPO) is identified. The APNPO reflects the co-variability between the North Pacific high and South Asian summer monsoon low. This teleconnec- tion pattern is closely related to the Asian summer monsoon. On interannual timescale, it co-varies with both the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and South Asian summer monsoon (SASM); on decadal timescale, it co-varies with the EASM: both exhibit two abrupt climate changes in the middle 1960s and the late 1970s respectively. The possible physical process for the connections between the APNPO and Asian summer monsoon is then explored by analyzing the APNPO-related atmospheric circulations. The results show that with a strong APNPO, the Somali Jet, SASM flow, EASM flow, and South Asian high are all enhanced, and an anomalous anticyclone is produced at the upper level over northeast China via a zonal wave train. Meanwhile, the moisture transportation to the Asian monsoon regions is also strengthened in a strong APNPO year, leading to a strong moisture convergence over India and northern China. All these changes of circulations and moisture conditions finally result in an anoma- lous Asian summer monsoon and monsoon rainfall over India and northern China. In addition, the APNPO has a good persistence from spring to summer. The spring APNPO is also significantly corre- lated with Asian summer monsoon variability. The spring APNPO might therefore provide valuable in- formation for the prediction of Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献
15.
Based on analysis and simulation, the interaction of thermal forcing between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Iranian Plateau (IP) in summer is investigated. Associated influences on water vapor transport in the Asian subtropical monsoon region and the formation of a cold center in the lower stratosphere over Eurasia are also investigated. Results show that surface sensible heating (SH) over the two plateaus not only have mutual influences but also feedback to each other. SH over the IP can reduce the SH and increase the LH over the TP, whereas the SH over the TP can increase surface heating over the IP, thereby reaching quasi-equilibrium among the SH and LH over the TP, IP SH and atmosphere vertical motion. Therefore, the so-called Tibetan-Iranian Plateau coupling system (TIPS) is constructed, which influences atmosphere circulation. In the TIPS system, interaction between surface SH and LH over the TP plays a leading role. SH of the IP and TP influences on other regions not only have superimposed effects but also mutually offset. Accounting for contributions to the convergence of water vapor transport in the Asian subtropical monsoon region, TP SH contributes more than twice that of the IP. The combined influence of SH over TP and IP represents the major contribution to the convergence of water vapor transport in that region. In addition, the heating effect of TIPS increases the upper tropospheric temperature maximum and lifts the tropopause, cooling the lower stratosphere. Combined with large-scale thermal forcing of the Eurasian continent, the TIPS produces a strong anticyclonic circulation and the South Asian High that warms the upper troposphere and cools the lower stratosphere, thereby affecting regional and global weather and climate. 相似文献
16.
Simulation of South-Asian Summer Monsoon in a GCM 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. S. Ajayamohan 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(10):2117-2140
Major characteristics of Indian summer monsoon climate are analyzed using simulations from the upgraded version of Florida
State University Global Spectral Model (FSUGSM). The Indian monsoon has been studied in terms of mean precipitation and low-level
and upper-level circulation patterns and compared with observations. In addition, the model's fidelity in simulating observed
monsoon intraseasonal variability, interannual variability and teleconnection patterns is examined. The model is successful
in simulating the major rainbelts over the Indian monsoon region. However, the model exhibits bias in simulating the precipitation
bands over the South China Sea and the West Pacific region. Seasonal mean circulation patterns of low-level and upper-level
winds are consistent with the model's precipitation pattern. Basic features like onset and peak phase of monsoon are realistically
simulated. However, model simulation indicates an early withdrawal of monsoon. Northward propagation of rainbelts over the
Indian continent is simulated fairly well, but the propagation is weak over the ocean. The model simulates the meridional
dipole structure associated with the monsoon intraseasonal variability realistically. The model is unable to capture the observed
interannual variability of monsoon and its teleconnection patterns. Estimate of potential predictability of the model reveals
the dominating influence of internal variability over the Indian monsoon region. 相似文献
17.
Influence of land evapotranspiration on climate variations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A coupled numerical model of the global atmosphere with a qualified biosphere (GOALS/LASG) has been used to assess the nature
of the physical mechanisms for land-atmosphere interactions, and the impacts of the Asian/North American land-surface evapotranspiration
on the regional and global climate. This sensitivity study suggests that the simulated climate would be relatively sensitive
to land surface evapotranspiration, especially over the Asian regions. The removal of evapotranspiration in Asia would create
a warmer and drier climate to a certain degree. Furthermore, the surface evapotranspiration anomalies would make a substantial
contribution to the formation and variation of subtropical anticyclones through the changes in monsoon precipitation and the
β -effect, but also make a large contribution to the variations of the atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere
and even the globe. Therefore, besides the traditional perception that we have generally emphasized on the influence of subtropical
anticyclones activities on the boreal summer precipitation over the regions of eastern China, the surface evapotranspiration
anomalies, however, also have substantial impacts on the subtropical anticyclones through the changes in monsoon precipitation.
For this reason, the variation in the internal heating sources of the atmosphere caused by the land surface evapotranspiration
and the vapor phase change during the boreal summer is an important external factor forcing the weather and climate. 相似文献
18.
A climatological northern boundary index for the East Asian summer monsoon and its interannual variability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A long-term perspective on the spatial variation of the northern boundary of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) and the related physical mechanisms is important for understanding past climate change in Asia and for predicting future changes. However, most of the meteorological definitions of the EASM northern boundary do not correspond well to the actual geographical environment, which is problematic for paleoclimatic research. Here, we use monthly CMAP and GPCP precipitation data to define a new EASM northern boundary index by using the concept of the global monsoon, which is readily applicable to paleoclimatic research. The results show that the distribution of the 2 mm day~(-1) precipitation isoline(i.e., 300 mm precipitation)has a good relationship with the spatial distribution of modern land cover types, the transitional climate zone and the potential natural vegetation types, in China. The locations of the precipitation isolines also correspond well to the locations of major shifts in wind direction. These results suggest that the 2 mm day~(-1) isoline has a clear physical significance since the climatic, ecological,and geographical boundary can be used as the northern boundary index of the EASM(which we call the climatological northern boundary index). The index depicts the northeast-southwest orientation of the climatological(1981-2010) EASM northern boundary, along the eastern part of the Qilian Mountains-southern foothills of the Helan Mountains-Daqing Mountains-western margin of the Greater Khingan Range, from west to east across Northwest and Northeast China. The interannual change of the EASM northern boundary from 1980 to 2015 covers the central part of Gansu, the northern part of Ningxia, the eastern part of Inner Mongolia and the northeastern region in China. It can extend northward to the border between China and Mongolia and retreat southward to Shangdong-central Henan. There is a 200-700 km fluctuation range of the interannual EASM northern boundaries around the locations of the climatological northern boundary. In addition, the spatial variation of the interannual EASM northern boundaries gradually increases from west to east, whereas the trend of north-south fluctuations maintains a roughly consistent location in different regions. 相似文献
19.
The East Asian Monsoon since the Last Glacial Maximum: Evidence from geological records in northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The impact of global warming on the climate of northern China has been investigated intensively, and the behavior of the East Asian monsoon during previous intervals of climatic warming may provide insight into future changes. In this study, we use paleovegetation records from loess and lake sediments in the marginal zone of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) to reconstruct the EASM during the interval of warming from the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) to the Holocene. The results show that during the LGM, desert steppe or dry steppe dominated much of northern China; in addition, the southeastern margin of the deserts east of the Helan Mountains had a distribution similar to that of the present-day, or was located slightly further south, due to the cold and dry climate caused by a strengthened East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) and weakened EASM. During the last deglaciation, with the strengthening of the EASM and concomitant weakening of the EAWM, northern China gradually became humid. However, this trend was interrupted by abrupt cooling during the Heinrich 1(H1) and Younger Dryas(YD) events. The EASM intensified substantially during the Holocene, and the monsoon rain belt migrated at least 300 km northwestwards, which led to the substantial shrinking of the desert area in the central and eastern part of northern China, and to the large expansion of plants favored by warm and humid conditions. Paleoclimatic records from the marginal zone of the EASM all show that the EASM reached its peak in the mid-Holocene, and past global climatic warming significantly strengthened the EASM, thereby greatly improving the ecological environment in northern China. Thus, northern China is expected to become wetter as global warming continues. Finally, high resolution Holocene vegetation records are sparse compared with the numerous records on the orbital timescale, and there is a need for more studies of Holocene climatic variability on the centennial-to-decadal scale. 相似文献
20.
Seasonal variation of upper layer circulation in the northern part of the East/Japan Sea and its mechanism were investigated using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis with satellite sea surface heights over the northern East/Japan Sea and a three-dimensional circulation model. The spatial structure and temporal variation of first EOF mode, which explains about 64% of the total variance, indicate that a large cyclonic circulation in the northern East/Japan Sea shows a semi-annual variation with maximum strength in summer and winter. According to numerical model result, the Liman Cold Current, accepted as a major current in the northern East/Japan Sea, is well mixed vertically by the winter monsoon and the current in the upper layer has a relatively deep structure, with a maximum westward speed of about 20 cm/s in winter. On the other hand, in summer the current has a stronger baroclinic structure of velocity than in winter. Numerical experiments showed that in summer the temporal variation of upper layer circulation is controlled by thermal forcing, such as sea surface heat flux and inflow of heat transport into the East/Japan Sea through the Korea/Tsushima Strait. Moreover, the cyclonic circulation in the upper layer of the northern East/Japan Sea is also generated and strengthened by the positive wind stress curl occupying most of the East/Japan Sea during the winter. The seasonal variation of each forcing that drives the circulation is responsible for the strength or weakness of the upper layer circulation in the northern East/Japan Sea. The contribution of each forcing to the seasonal variation of the upper layer circulation is examined through sensitivity experiments. According to these numerical experiments, the upper layer circulation in the northern East/Japan Sea is strengthened twice a year, in winter and summer, and this semi-annual variation is determined by a combination of wind (winter) and thermal (summer) forcing. 相似文献