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1.
Leslie W. Hepple 《Geoforum》2008,39(4):1530-1541
Geography has had only limited interchange with the American philosophical tradition of pragmatism. This paper claims that a closer engagement with pragmatism has much to offer to geography, not least in providing an arena within which very different types of geographical inquiry - qualitative and quantitative, human and physical - may find some common ground for useful conversation and debate. However, this will only be fully achieved if geography embarks on a threefold engagement with pragmatism: (1) studies that develop and deploy specific pragmatist ideas and concepts within particular geographical research; (2) studies that attempt to relate geographical research to the wider arena of the pragmatic tradition; (3) historical examination of early links between pragmatism, social science and geography. The history and contemporary revival of pragmatism is described, together with its impacts on social theory and social science. The existing literature on geographical engagement with pragmatism is then examined, and it is argued that there is a much broader relevance within both human and physical geography, not linked to particular styles of research. The question of the history of earlier influences of pragmatism on American geography is then raised, and some linkages charted. The philosopher Hilary Putnam has used the term ‘pragmatist enlightenment’ to describe what he sees as the promise of pragmatism, and the paper concludes by suggesting that this also promises an exciting and fruitful engagement for geography. 相似文献
2.
关于中国地理学发展的思考 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
提出了地理学发展的几点思路:①加强地球表层系统现代自然过程及其驱动力的研究,促进自然地理与人文地理的高层次综合;②加快地理科学的理论创新步伐,推动地理科学走向国际研究前沿;③充分利用现代科学技术成果,促进地理科学现代化;④高度重视野外台站科学数据积累及室内分析与模拟工作,为地理科学的发展奠定基础;⑤集中力量对重点地区进行深入研究,体现地理科学研究的区域特色;⑥充分利用现有地理科学研究成果,为社会经济建设服务。 相似文献
3.
我国“人文地理学以信息为对象的研究”：15年发展回顾 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
以国内发表人文地理学论文的专业核心期刊为检索源,考察了15年来“人文地理学以信息为对象的研究”的相关成果。依据研究内容、研究对象和研究思维等的差异划分了问题研究阶段、专题研究阶段、时代性课题研究阶段和主题研究阶段4个发展时期。依据研究成果的影响力,归纳了新的空间形态及新的流、信息产业和信息化、互联网与区域经济差异、信息技术作用下的城市、旅游在线服务5个热点研究领域。最后结合国际地理联合会“信息社会的地理学委员会”提供的行动方案,对今后国内“人文地理学以信息为对象的研究”发展予以展望并提出若干研究议题。 相似文献
4.
Fiddling on a different planet? 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
David J. Unwin 《Geoforum》2005,36(6):681-684
The recent commentaries in this journal by both [Hamnett, C., 2003. Contemporary human geography: fiddling while Rome burns, Geoforum 34, 1–3] and [Johnston, R., Hepple, L., Hoare, A., Jones, K., Plummer, P., 2003. Contemporary fiddling in human geography while Rome burns: has quantitative analysis been largely abandoned—and should it be? Geoforum 34, 157–161] do not recognise the phenomenal success of GIS in exporting a version of academic geography to the world at large. The note documents this success and explores possible implications for the discipline should it chose to engage with both the geographic information industry and the science that supports it. 相似文献
5.
Rowland P. Moss 《Geoforum》1979,10(3):223-233
The paper attempts a preliminary exploration of some of the issues raised if we choose to account geography a “science”. The inherent equivocation of the notion of “science” is first examined, and the methodological implications are emphasised, leading into a brief consideration of inductivism and deductivism; it is concluded that deductivism, despite some valid questions which hang over it, represents the more secure methodological framework, and some of the implications of this conclusion for geographical study in general are explored. The importance of deductivism in physical geography is then considered, and the special problems of human geography are also examined, notably the significance of human volition and of value judgments in social, economic and cultural geography. The methodological implications of human perception are also reviewed. Regional geography is then briefly evaluated, and the possibilities of applying techniques of systems analysis to its problems are developed, viewing these techniques as a special phase of scientific method. Some issues relating to the notion of causality are then raised, with special reference to the crucial distinctions between the notion of causality in natural science and the related concept in historical study, and, by extension, in certain aspects of geography also. The paper concludes with a brief evaluation of the quantitative movement in geography, paying particular attention to the role of mathematics in science in general and in geography in particular. 相似文献
6.
Martin J. Haigh 《Geoforum》1985,16(2):191-203
General system science, like geography, is an integrative discipline that spans the divide between the physical and social sciences. Geography, like general system science, seeks to examine the universe of observation as a functioning whole and attempts to study together the things other disciplines study separately. However, within both geography and the system sciences at large, there are many different philosophies and methodologies. A special attribute of the general system approach is an explicit adoption of an organismic rather than a mechanistic world view. This has caused general system practitioners to develop theory in more bioscientific areas of concern such as growth, hierarchical organisation and the theory of evolution. To date, much of the systems science in geography has preferred the static, mechanistic ethos of systems analysis and systems engineering. However, general system science's concern with historic processes and the dynamic self-determined relationships between systems structure, functioning and selfcreation may be more appropriate to geographical research. A search is made for general system methodologies in current geographical research and for particular applications of aspects of the new general systems theory of evolution and theory of systems attractors as defined by Ilya Prigogine and Erich Jantsch to geography.Today, we seem to be at the tip of an iceberg of scientific change... Every discipline is in the midst of a revolution... What is exciting about this theoretical chaos is not that each discipline will emerge with a new paradigm to guide future investigations but that a new grand paradigm may be forming, one that will integrate all structure and processes from the farthest reaches of the Universe to the reasonances of subatomic particles. The Grand Paradigm is somewhere in the future and we may live to see it THEISEN, (1981, p. 758). 相似文献
7.
地理学研究进展与前沿领域 总被引：72，自引：6，他引：72
现代地理学涵盖自然地理学、人文地理学和地理信息科学，其发展趋势是：相邻学科的交叉、渗透与融合，加强地理学内部的综合研究，地理过程的微观研究进一步深化，结合实践拓宽应用研究领域，实验与研究手段的现代化，理论思维模式的转变。地理学应在陆地表层过程与格局、全球环境变化及其区域响应、自然资源保障与生态环境建设、区域可持续发展及人地系统的机理与调控、地理信息科学和数字地球战略等前沿领域开拓创新，为促进地球系统科学的发展、协调人地关系等做出积极的贡献。 相似文献
8.
Keiji Yano 《GeoJournal》2000,52(3):173-180
The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of the GIS revolution within the field of geography in the 1980s and
1990s, taking into consideration the influence of external and internal factors on disciplinary change. Geography is rapidly
changing by the impact of external factors on geographical research and also as a consequence of economic recession and cutbacks
in higher education. Most geography departments in universities have tried to approach this impact by promoting or shifting
to human geography as an applied science, and by offering relevant skills through GIS as an approach to contemporary problems.
It is concluded that quantitative geography is essential for the further expansion of GIS within geography and also for the
survival of geography.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
当代地理学特征：发展趋势及中国地理学研究进展 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
地理学是一门研究地球表层自然要素与人文要素相互作用及其时空变化规律的科学，它广泛运用现代科学技术手段，具有跨越自然科学与社会科学的性质。面对当前全球变化和可持续发展的世界性科学问题，地理学家根据学科特点和领域优势，抓住机遇、迎接挑战。目前主要研究地球表层系统各界面间的物理、化学、生物及人文过程，探讨多种过程的相互作用机理，探求人类活动与资源环境间相互协调、可持续发展的规律。地理学以“格局—结构—过程—机理”的研究思路贯穿始终。随着新技术、新方法的使用以及观测资料的不断积累，实验测试数据质量的提高和数据量的增加，当今地理学的研究在空间尺度上同时向微观、宏观两个方向扩展，模型研究不断科学化，已具备现代科学的主要特征。总体上，表现为部门地理研究深化，区域综合研究加强。长期以来，中国地理学在自然地理的综合研究、地表自然过程研究、城市与区域发展研究，以及面向社会现实的应用基础研究等方面取得了较好进展。 相似文献
10.
Luca Muscarà 《GeoJournal》2001,52(4):285-293
At a time when human geography–in its search for general and systemic laws–was often seduced by different kinds of determinism, Jean Gottmann developed his theoretical model in order to explain the political partitioning of geographical space. This model, shaped by the study of the classics in political philosophy, makes explicit reference to human psychology, and is based on a few fundamental concepts: cloisonnement (partitioning), circulation (movement), carrefour (crossroad) and iconographie (iconography). This paper presents the above mentioned concepts through a chronological analysis of their formulation in different chapters of Gottmann's bibliography, in order to reconstruct the genesis and evolution of his model. In the conclusions a few questions are presented, that suggest how Gottmann's model could still be usefully applied to contemporary human and political geography. 相似文献
11.
Time-stilled space-slowed: how boredom matters 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ben Anderson 《Geoforum》2004,35(6):739-754
This paper aims to fold the increased attention to issues of materiality in social and cultural geography into the more recent attunement to questions of affect. The vehicle for this aim is a discussion of the complex ways in which boredom, and bodies bored, compose time–space. Somewhat surprisingly, and in stark contrast to its experiential ubiquity, boredom has rarely been discussed within the social sciences. The paper therefore performs a geography of how boredom matters by way of a series of examples of the taking place of boredom drawn from research on music and everyday life. Rather than discuss boredom through the critical concepts that underpin the thesis of disenchantment, such as alienation or anomie, I argue that boredom takes place as a suspension of a body's capacities to affect and be affected forged through an incapacity in habit. Through this discussion I argue that the ‘new materialisms' that increasingly populate social and cultural geography struggle to discern the affectivity of profane social-life and, importantly, cannot conceive of the risk of depletion that boredom, via its connection to meaninglessness and indifference, exemplifies. However, attuning to the movement-from that always accompanies boredom discloses the immanent presence of intensities that on-go even as boredom stills and slows time–space. Based on the ambiguity of boredom that results, the conclusion draws on the ‘not-yet' materialism of Ernst Bloch [The Principle of Hope (vols. 1–3) (N. Plaice, S. Plaice, P. Knight, Trans.), Blackwell, Oxford, 1986] to disclose an image of process-matter that draws on Bennett's [The Enchantment of Modern Life. Attachments, Crossings and Ethics, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, 2001] concept of an ‘enchanted materialism' but retains a sense of process as incorporating both plentitude and depletion. The basis to this form of affective materialism is the event of hope. 相似文献
12.
Specific features of development of recreation geography in the USSR are, first of all — combination of the deliberate outstripping theoretical research based on the systems approach with the traditional techniques of field investigation of actual dhenomena, and second — combination of scientific activities with active interference into practical territorial organization of recreation of different groups of population. Development of recreation geography has influenced the other branches of geography, as well as the theory of project-design and architecture. Rapid growth of a new branch of science is considered as an illustration of high integrating potentialities of modern geography, which is now based not only on the empirical studies, but on the theoretical search as well. 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》2016
This paper critically reviews the current status of the concept of distance in human geography in order to argue that recent experimentally-driven work in construal-level theory offers ample opportunities for recasting distance as a key geographical trope. After analysing the four entangled dimensions of distance revealed by construal-level theory (spatial distance; temporal distance; social distance; and hypothetical distance), the paper articulates this research program from experimental psychology with geographical work on non-representational theory, geographical imaginations/imaginative geographies, learning as a geographical process, TimeSpace theorising, and ontogenetic understandings of space. It is argued that the subjective understanding of distance afforded by construal-level theory can rescue distance from its entrenched association with positivistic geography and spatial analysis. 相似文献
14.
E. Thomale Dr. 《GeoJournal》1984,9(3):223-230
Theory and practice in German social geography reflect back on thirty years of an arduous search for identity as a discipline. Both its friends and its adversaries are in agreement that this identity has yet to be achieved. The development of the foundation phase of the 1950s — late because of specifically German conditions — led to the rapid growth of several distinctive research lines. Thereafter the pace of development slowed as various concepts were abandoned, accompanied by hesitancy over material questions, especially as some were revealed to be impractical by completed research. Up to the present there appear to be thresholds that cannot be crossed even by informed geographers. Since 1980 social geography in Germany has stagnated, and become absorbed in behavioural research. This article has attempted a balance of the more important contributions that have tried to develop themes dealing with the social complex from the geographical viewpoint.Translated by editor 相似文献
15.
地理计算——数量地理学的新发展 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
研究方法论的变革是推动地理科学发展的动力。90年代以来,作为地理科学方法论之一的数量地理学迅速向全新的地理计算学发展。凭借高性能计算软、硬件设备的支撑,一些以“整体性”、“大容量”资料所表征的地理学时、空演变问题的模拟、预测,逐渐得以实现。以国内外文献资料为基础,追溯了国外地理计算学的发展,讨论了地理计算的内涵和构成,分析了作为地理计算基础的高性能计算的基本特征,介绍了在几个地理学固有命题(空间互作用、人口、城市演变动力学)研究中凭借高性能计算所进行的成功探索,旨在为启动我国的地理计算学研究,提供一些有益的借鉴。 相似文献
16.
《Geoforum》1986,17(1):89-96
The Soviet geographical literature of the last decade has adopted four principal, alternative premises about the place of social geography within the overall system of geography. These are that social geography: (1) does not exist as a separate branch of the subject; (2) belongs to a lower hierarchical order of geography, usually as a sub-division of population geography; (3) belongs to a medium level within the hierarchy of geography, broadly equivalent in status to economic geography; or (4) belongs to the highest hierarchical level of the subject, being synonymous with the geography of human society (sodetal geography). The author stresses the difference between the wider definition of social geography, which takes it to be the geography of society, studying the arrangement of sodetal objects in their geographical interrelations, and the narrow view, which defines ‘social’ as sociological. In this case, social geography is synonymous with sociological geography; it studies sociological objects in their geographical setting. The paper also discusses the process of the sociologization of geography. 相似文献
17.
《Geoforum》2015
This article examines the science–policy interface in volcanic risk assessment. It analyses empirical data from research on Montserrat, where new volcanic risk assessment methodologies were pioneered. We discuss the ways in which these methods contributed towards the ordering of scientific advice in its geographical context, and we provide examples of the complex and overlapping topologies that are assembled in a volcanic eruption. In this case, the science–policy interface can be conceptualised as diffusive: both science and policy contain multiple overlapping networks of actors, objects and ideas that interact with one another through flows of responsibilities, attribution, identity and interpretation. Volcanic risk management involves negotiation of conceptual, relational and physical boundaries, and as a result requires the use of qualitative and quantitative methods across human and physical geography. 相似文献
18.
地理学是自然科学与社会科学的汇合,是一门独立科学,有特定的功能和演变规律。地理学的基本规律包括有地域分异规律、地域综合规律和地域发展规律等。研究地理学的基本规律有助于认识许多复杂的历史事件和社会活动,对构建社会建设的总体思想和区域发展战略有重要指导意义。 相似文献
19.
How might geographers respond ‘generously’ to a disaster on the scale of the Indian Ocean tsunami? Critical geographers and other left intellectuals have chosen to stress the way pre-existing social forces conditioned human vulnerability, and have implied that ordinary people ‘here’ were implicated in the suffering of others ‘there’ through their positioning in chains of causality. Critics have also sought to expose the bias, unjustness and inappropriateness of post-tsunami patterns of donation and programs of aid and recovery. A supplement to this mode of critique is offered in the form of a view of disasters and human vulnerability that hinges on the idea of the self as ‘radically passive’: that is, as inherently receptive to both the stimuli that cause suffering, and to the demands of others who are suffering. All forms of thought – including geography and disaster studies should themselves be seen as ‘vulnerable’ and responsive to the impact to disasters. The idea that every ‘self’ bears the trace of past disasters – and past gifts of others – forms the basis of a vision of bodies and communities as always already ‘fractured’ by disaster – in ways which resist being ‘brought to light’. This offers a way of integrating human and physical geographies through a shared acknowledgement of what is unknowable and absent. It is also suggestive that gratitude might be an appropriate response to a sense of indebtedness to others – for who we are, as much as for what we have done. 相似文献
20.
Sam Ock Park 《GeoJournal》2004,59(1):69-72
Korean modern geography emerged from the dark age of unfortunate Japanese colonial rule after liberation in 1945, and has grown rapidly since the 1960s. Modern geographical theories and methodologies were introduced to Korea by the Korean geographers who received PhD degrees in the United States and returned home to teach at universities in Korea, especially in the 1970s and early 1980s. American geography has influenced the progress of the modern geography in Korea in various ways — education systems, curricula for college students, training graduate students — and research methodologies in Korean geography during the last half-century have been directly and indirectly influenced by American geography. The influence has had, however, both positive and negative effects in the development of Korean geography. There is a tendency in recent years to reinterpret Western theories and concepts in the Korean context, considering distinctive regional and cultural characteristics. 相似文献