共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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通过对硫氧镁水泥材料进行改性,使其试块在空气中性质稳定,同时获得具有较高的抗压强度。为了对比外加剂对硫氧镁水泥试块抗水性能的影响,试块水养护和空气养护同时进行,并测试3 d、7 d、28 d龄期的抗压强度,试块空气养护28 d后转置入水中养护,取得水对硫氧镁水泥的软化影响(K)。对龄期为28 d样品进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)微观形貌分析和X-射线衍射(XRD)物相分析。实验结果显示两种外加剂能够有效提高硫氧镁水泥材料的稳定性和抗压性能,同时对提高材料抗水性能有一定的效果。 相似文献
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Summary. The temperature dependence of single-crystal elastic constants of synthetic stoichiometric MgAl2 O4 spinel has been measured by the light-sound scattering technique in the Raman-Nath region. The crystal is set into forced vibration by a single crystal LiNbO3 transducer coupled to one crystal face. A He-Ne Laser beam is diffracted by the stress-induced birefringence inside the crystal. The diffraction angle is determined from the distance between two spots exposed on a photographic plate by the first order diffracted beams as measured by a microdensitometer. The sound wavelength inside the crystal is then inferred from the laser diffraction angle. Combining the sound wavelength with the measured transducer frequency, the velocity inside the crystal is determined typically to a precision of 0·05 per cent. In this method, the measurement of velocity is not dependent on either the determination of sample length or on phase shifts at sample-transducer interface. Velocities of four pure modes, L //[001], T //[001], L //[110], and T //[110]( P //[1 1 0] are measured in the temperature range between 293 and 423 °K. A linear temperature dependence is fit to the data by a least square method. Values obtained at 25 °C from this linear fit are
The temperature dependence of the adiabatic elastic constants and bulk and shear (VRH average) moduli is computed using the density and literature value of thermal expansion coefficient. Values obtained are:
A comparison with previous measurements by pulse superposition and ultrasonic interferometry methods is made. Disagreement, when present, is discussed in terms of the separate measuring techniques. Finally, the present method, with its possibility for further improvement, is evaluated as a new method to measure temperature and pressure dependence of elastic constants. 相似文献
The temperature dependence of the adiabatic elastic constants and bulk and shear (VRH average) moduli is computed using the density and literature value of thermal expansion coefficient. Values obtained are:
A comparison with previous measurements by pulse superposition and ultrasonic interferometry methods is made. Disagreement, when present, is discussed in terms of the separate measuring techniques. Finally, the present method, with its possibility for further improvement, is evaluated as a new method to measure temperature and pressure dependence of elastic constants. 相似文献
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Summary Time-dependent waveforms are commonly extrapolated in space by means of rays and occasionally by means of diffraction integrals. It is possible to extrapolate time-dependent waves in space with a partial differential equation derived from the wave equation. There are stable numerical approximations. An example illustrates a mechanism for 'signal-generated noise' which is consistent with observations. 相似文献
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以钛酸四丁酯(TEOS)、去离子水为原料,离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基四氟硼酸咪唑盐([Bmim]BF4)为表面活性剂,通过溶剂热法制备了锐钛矿相TiO2纳米颗粒。用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)对产物的晶相、形貌和光学性能进行表征。为了评估光催化活性,并以甲基橙水溶液为研究对象,在紫外光照射下分析不同照射时间下光降解效率。结果表明,离子液体、去离子水和钛酸四丁酯的体积比为1.3∶1∶1.3时,反应所得到的TiO2具有较高光催化活性,明显优于未添加离子液体的产品,这一结果可归因于其具有较大的比表面积。 相似文献
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F. Luzón F. J. Sánchez-Sesma J. L. Rodríguez-Zúñiga A. M. Posadas J. M. García J. Martin M. D. Romacho M. Navarro 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,129(3):571-578
The diffraction of P, S and Rayleigh waves by 3-D topographies in an elastic half-space is studied using a simplified indirect boundary element method (IBEM). This technique is based on the integral representation of the diffracted elastic fields in terms of single-layer boundary sources. It can be seen as a numerical realization of Huygens principle because diffracted waves are constructed at the boundaries from where they are radiated by means of boundary sources. A Fredholm integral equation of the second kind for such sources is obtained from the stress-free boundary conditions. A simplified discretization scheme for the numerical and analytical integration of the exact Green's functions, which employs circles of various sizes to cover most of the boundary surface, is used.
The incidence of elastic waves on 3-D topographical profiles is studied. We analyse the displacement amplitudes in the frequency, space and time domains. The results show that the vertical walls of a cylindrical cavity are strong diffractors producing emission of energy in all directions. In the case of a mountain and incident P, SV and SH waves the results show a great variability of the surface ground motion. These spatial variations are due to the interference between locally generated diffracted waves. A polarization analysis of the surface displacement at different locations shows that the diffracted waves are mostly surface and creeping waves. 相似文献
The incidence of elastic waves on 3-D topographical profiles is studied. We analyse the displacement amplitudes in the frequency, space and time domains. The results show that the vertical walls of a cylindrical cavity are strong diffractors producing emission of energy in all directions. In the case of a mountain and incident P, SV and SH waves the results show a great variability of the surface ground motion. These spatial variations are due to the interference between locally generated diffracted waves. A polarization analysis of the surface displacement at different locations shows that the diffracted waves are mostly surface and creeping waves. 相似文献
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D. J. Doornbos 《Geophysical Journal International》1981,64(2):499-511
Summary. The rather abrupt changes in velocity gradient which have sometimes been proposed, notably in the upper mantle and near the base of the mantle, have an effect equivalent to that of one or more second-order discontinuities, where partial reflection occurs due to a change in curvature of the wavefront across these discontinuities. The effect is ignored in the classical WKBJ approximation to the wave functions, but it can be explicitly demonstrated by applying the extended WKBJ method (Langer's approximation) to a piecewise smooth layered model. For the purpose of this study it is convenient to represent the response of such a modelby a generalized reflection coefficient. For a model of one or a system of several second-order discontinuities (approximating a change in velocity gradient over a finite depth interval), the reflection coefficient can be perhaps surprisingly large for long-period waves near their turning point. It is shown that this effect can significantly alter the amplitude decay of SH waves diffracted around the core, in models where a change in velocity gradient near the core—mantle boundary constitutes a low-velocity zone at the base of the mantle; such models have recently been proposed. With the same velocity gradients, the effect on P diffraction is less important. The results for SH diffraction in these models support the conclusion that a small amplitude decay must be explained by a velocity decrease with depth, i.e. a low-velocity zone at the base of the mantle. 相似文献
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Malcolm R. Murray 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2002,27(2):173-183
This paper examines the potential of a relatively new technique – laser diffraction particle size analysis – for use with carbonate-rich lake sediments, material traditionally difficult to analyse. Three experiments are considered. The first two use a carbonate standard to determine optimal instrument conditions – the choice of optical model, and a suitable transport fluid. The third experiment uses sample material from lake cores and compares four different pre-treatment methods: none, removal of carbon by loss on ignition, removal of carbon by digestion with hydrogen peroxide, and finally removal of carbonates with hydrochloric acid and then removal of organic material by digestion with hydrogen peroxide. Only this final method produces repeatable results. As such, whilst the laser diffraction instrument offers improvements in the speed, required sample volume and repeatability of analysis, it does not overcome the problems inherent in the analysis of carbonates. Any catchment disturbance signal preserved in the carbonate fraction will remain undetected. 相似文献
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J. F. Nye 《Geophysical Journal International》1985,83(2):477-485
Summary. Catastrophe optics provides insights into the structure of the caustics produced by seismic events. Two examples are given. The first is the caustic formed on the surface of the Earth between 10° and 30° from the event by P rays that have reached the transition zone of the mantle. This is organized by one or more approximately circular cusp lines; these are generally below the surface, but because of lateral (regional) variations, they are puckered. Where they intersect the surface they give rise to characteristic beak-to-beak and lips patterns. The second example is the caustic structure produced by refraction at the core–mantle boundary. There is a four-cusped figure at the antipodal point, and, in addition, it is suggested that the main 143° PKP caustic is actually cusped, the cusps being smeared out when radially symmetric earth models are used. The cusps arise from bumps on the core–mantle boundary. In general, the caustic, and its accompanying diffraction structure, associated with a bump can be understood as an unfolding of the parabolic umbilic catastrophe. 相似文献
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The Holocene history of West Basin Lake,Victoria, Australia; chemical changes based on fossil biota and sediment mineralogy 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Peter A. Gell Philip A. Barker Patrick De Deckker William M. Last Ljubica Jelicic 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,12(3):235-258
Analyses of diatoms, ostracods, pollen and sediment mineralogy from a 524 cm core from a stratified, hypersaline crater lake, West Basin, Victoria, has revealed clear shifts in the lake's water balance and chemistry and the region's climate over the last 10 000 years. Diatom and ostracod analyses reveal lake water salinity changes which are consistent with the conditions suitable for the precipitation of the carbonate and other minerals identified using x-ray diffraction analysis. The fluctuations in lake water balance deduced from diatom and ostracod inferred lake salinity suggest that the lake began to fill at the beginning of the Holocene and was saline and shallow. Toward the mid-Holocene the water levels rose and yet the lake remained largely saline. The late Holocene is marked by a return to more shallow but fluctuating, water conditions. Through the whole period, the regional dryland vegetation was dominated by open sclerophyll woodland. Both the lacustrine and regional environments interpreted here are consistent with those from Holocene records elsewhere in the region.This is the fourth in a series of papers published in this issue on the paleolimnology of arid regions. These papers were presented at the Sixth International Palaeolimnology Symposium held 19–21 April, 1993 at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Dr A. R. Chivas served as guest editor for these papers. 相似文献
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The Born approximation is applied to the modelling of the propagation of deeply turning longperiod body waves through heterogeneities in the lowermost mantle. We use an exact Green's function for a spherically symmetric earth model that also satisfies the appropriate boundary conditions at internal boundaries and the surface of the earth. The scattered displacement field is obtained by a numerical quadrature of the product of the Green's function, the exciting wavefield and structural perturbations. We study three examples: scattering of longperiod P waves from a plume rising from the coremantle boundary (CMB), generation of longperiod precursors to PKIKP by strong, localized scatterers at the CMB, and propagation of corediffracted P waves through largescale heterogeneities in D". The main results are as follows: (1) the signals scattered from a realistic plume are small with relative amplitudes of less than 2 per cent at a period of 20 s, rendering plume detection a fairly difficult task; (2) strong heterogeneities at the CMB of appropriate size may produce observable longperiod precursors to PKIKP in spite of the presence of a diffraction from the PKP B caustic; (3) corediffracted P waves ( P diff ) are sensitive to structure in D" far off the geometrical ray path and also far beyond the entry and exit points of the ray into and out of D"; sensitivity kernels exhibit ringshaped patterns of alternating sign reminiscent of Fresnel zones; (4) P diff also shows a nonnegligible sensitivity to shear wave velocity in D"; (5) down to periods of 40 s, the Born approximation is sufficiently accurate to allow waveform modelling of P diff through largescale heterogeneities in D" of up to 5 per cent. 相似文献
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黄海粘土沉积物的来源与分布 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文根据区域自然地理原理,划分黄海粘土沉积物的补给区,在粘土矿物鉴定的基础上,用法方程定量探明黄海粘土沉积物的来源与分布,绘出黄海粘土沉积物分布图。图示:黄海来源于长江的粘土沉积物的分布面积,占其总面积的56.5%,来源于黄河的占43.5%。粘土沉积物的分布同洋流、海流的分布相吻合。 相似文献
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Jeffry L. Stevens 《Geophysical Journal International》1982,69(1):121-135
Summary. A solution is found for the seismic radiation from an arbitrarily growing spherical source in an inhomogeneously prestressed elastic medium. The general problem of the growing seismic source in a prestressed medium is formulated as a boundary value problem. For the special case of the growing spherical source, an expansion in vector spherical harmonics reduces the problem to a set of one-dimensional Volterra integral equations. The equations can be easily formed through the use of Bessel function recursion relations. The integral equations for a growing spherical cavity are solved numerically. Waveforms are then computed for homogeneous and inhomogeneous stress fields for several growth histories. The resulting waveforms are similar to the waveforms of the corresponding instantaneous problem, but stretched out in time and reduced in amplitude. The effects of diffraction and the overshoot of equilibrium are reduced with a reduction in growth rate. The effects caused by inhomogeneity of the stress field are quite strong for the growing as well as for the instantaneous seismic source. 相似文献
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C. Franke G. M. Pennock M. R. Drury R. Engelmann D. Lattard J. F. L. Garming T. von Dobeneck M. J. Dekkers 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(2):545-555
In paleomagnetic and environmental magnetic studies the magnetomineralogical identification is usually based on a set of rock magnetic parameters, complemented by crystallographic and chemical information retrieved from X-ray diffraction (XRD), (electron) microscopy or energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of selected samples. While very useful, each of these supplementary techniques has its limitations when applied to natural sample material which are related to low particle concentrations (down to the ppm range in marine sediments) and very fine grain sizes (down to the nm scale). Therefore, meaningful application of such techniques depends on sample quality. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) of individual grains in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enables mineralogical identification of grains down to ∼0.2 micrometer and is particularly powerful when combined with EDS. In this study, we show the merits of EBSD for rock magnetic investigations by analyzing titanomagnetites and hemoilmenites of various compositions and submicron lamella of titanomagnetite–hemoilmenite intergrowths. Such particles often occur in natural marine sediments where EDS often has a semi-quantitative character and compositionally similar intergrowths may be difficult to distinguish. With the mineralogical information provided by EBSD unambiguous identification of spinel-type and trigonal oxides is obtained. Optimal EBSD patterns are gathered from smooth, polished surfaces, but here we show that interpretable EBSD patterns can be obtained directly from the surface of unconsolidated, so called 'non-embedded' particles from marine sediments. This information enhances the interpretative value of rock magnetic parameters. 相似文献
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M. H. Kazi 《Geophysical Journal International》1978,53(2):227-243
Summary . This paper presents the numerical computation of the results previously obtained by the author through a scattering matrix formulation (together with plane wave and variational approximations) which describes the diffraction of plane, harmonic, monochromatic Love waves incident normally (from either side) upon the plane of discontinuity in a structure consisting of a half-space with a surface step — an idealized model of a continental margin. Magnitudes of reflection and transmission coefficients are computed numerically for different frequencies for a model which has been considered previously by Knopoff & Hudson and also by Alsop in their studies of the same problem. The results obtained under the plane wave approximation are compared with those obtained under the variational approximation in order to assess the effects of the body-wave contributions. Finally, the results of both approximations are compared with those obtained by previous authors. 相似文献
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Earth fissures have developed at Wadi Al-Yutamah, western Saudi Arabia. The fissues are associated with land subsidence which is considered to be due to both rapid draw down of the ground-water level and hydrocompaction of the wadi soil after flooding. This phenomenon is relatively recent in the area.The wadi soil was investigated and classified in the field, and disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected for laboratory testing and analysis. The engineering properties of the wadi soils were determined, including in situ field density, specific gravity, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, shrinkage limit, and consolidation characteristics such as total settlement and coefficient of subsidence (collapse).Four types of silty soil of different colours were identified, in addition to yellowish-brown sand (representing the dunes) which accumulated on the surface of the study area. The silty soils include yellowish-brown silty sand, yellowish-gray silt, pale brown silt and yellowish-brown clayey silt. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the clay is mainly kaolinite and illite with minor smectite. The dominant soil type in the study area is silt of low plasticity, high void ratio and low density which decreased with depth. This soil was classified as loess-like materials.The studied soils are of a collapsing type, and settlement is greatly increased by excessive wetting under constant pressure. The calculated coefficients of subsidence (collapse) of the soils at different depths generally increased with decreasing soil density and ranged between 3·1% and 10·8%. The wadi soils are considered to pose a moderate problem when wetted. 相似文献
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Ellipticity corrections for seismic phases 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The advent of broad-band seismology has meant that use is being made of a wide range of seismic phases, for many of which ellipticity corrections have not been readily available. In particular, when many seismic phases are used in location schemes, it is important that the systematic effects of ellipticity are included for each phase.
An efficient and effective procedure for constructing ellipticity corrections is to make use of the ray-based approach of Dziewonksi & Gilbert (1976), as reformulated by Doornbos (1988), in conjunction with the rapid evaluation of traveltimes and slownesses for a given range using the tauspline procedure of Buland & Chapman (1983).
Ellipticity coefficients have been tabulated for a wide range of seismic phases and are available in electronic form. The ellipticity correction procedures have been extended to include an allowance for diffraction phenomena, for example Pdiff , S diff diffracted along the core-mantle boundary. Corrections for additional phases can be generated by building the ellipticity coefficients from suitable combinations of the coefficients for different phase segments. 相似文献
An efficient and effective procedure for constructing ellipticity corrections is to make use of the ray-based approach of Dziewonksi & Gilbert (1976), as reformulated by Doornbos (1988), in conjunction with the rapid evaluation of traveltimes and slownesses for a given range using the tauspline procedure of Buland & Chapman (1983).
Ellipticity coefficients have been tabulated for a wide range of seismic phases and are available in electronic form. The ellipticity correction procedures have been extended to include an allowance for diffraction phenomena, for example P
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昆特依盐湖杂卤石储量丰富,是研究陆相成因杂卤石的良好载体。对研究区ZK3608钻孔剖面进行矿物学分析,尝试从矿物组成及组合变化的角度揭示杂卤石的形成过程和机制。XRD结果表明,剖面中主要盐类矿物为石盐、石膏和杂卤石,此外还检测到六水泻盐、芒硝、无水芒硝、钾石盐、钾芒硝、菱镁矿等矿物。矿物组合及其剖面变化特征揭示,盐层中的杂卤石以原生沉积为主,碎屑层中多数杂卤石可能为交代成因。沉积环境分析表明,盐类沉积为干冷的偏酸性氧化环境,碎屑沉积为相对温湿的偏碱性还原环境。 相似文献