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1.
The Viséan (Carboniferous) sedimentary succession of the basinal Kulm facies (Rhenish Mountains) was investigated in detail in order to achieve a high‐resolution stratigraphic subdivision and correlation. Additionally, the ranges of fossil index taxa (ammonoids), fossil marker beds, volcaniclastic horizons and sedimentary features (e.g. colour changes) were integrated in the correlation. As a result, a comprehensive database was compiled, which contains 190 stratigraphic events of the Viséan interval of this area. Several sections are almost completely composed of shales, which are regarded to represent a slow but constant basinal background sedimentation of the Kulm facies. The thickness of lithological homogeneous sections thus indicates an approximately linear record of time and the average thicknesses of biozones and positions of stratigraphic events can easily be calculated from the compiled database. The result is an approximately time‐linear biostratigraphic scale for the Viséan Stage of the Kulm Basin. Given a numerical length of the Viséan Stage of ca. 19 Ma, 190 stratigraphic events give a mean resolution of 100 000 years. This is unique in Palaeozoic stratigraphy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
Correlation of the Permian continental and marine deposits of Northeastern Russia, the southern Far East, Siberia, and the Pechora Сisurals is carried out. A consistent zonal succession of brachiopods, marine bivalves, and ammonoids is revealed and linked with the macroflora in the boundary deposits of the Cisuralian/Biarmian Series of the Boreal Superrealm. As a result, analogues of the Solikamian, Irenskii, Filippovskii, and Saraninian Horizons of the Kungurian Stage are established in the main coal basins and marine sequences of Northeastern Russia and the southern Far East. The correlative floristic horizon, stretching from the east of the East European Platform to the Pechora Cisurals, Pai-Khoy, Siberia, the Kuznetsk Basin, Northeastern Russia, and the southern Far East is established. The unity of the Sheshmian–Kazanian nonmarine floral assemblages and nonmarine bivalves, which correspond to the marine biota of Kazanian age, and their distinction from Kungurian assemblages are established. The Kungurian–Kazanian boundary is traced in marine and continental deposits within the entire Boreal Superrealm. The invalidity of the Ufimian Stage is established. The Kazanian Stage corresponds to the Roadian Stage of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart; however, the lower boundary of the Kazanian Stage is not defined precisely and can be conventionally considered isochronous to the boundary of the Roadian Stage. 相似文献
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贵州剑河八郎松山(九高山)寒武系"清虚洞组"产有多门类具软躯体的生物群——剑河生物群,其中三叶虫非常丰富,属于叉尾虫科(Dorypygidae)的拟油栉虫(Olenoides Meek,1877),是一个重要的三叶虫属。Olenoides全球分布,出现于寒武纪第二世(都匀期),灭绝于寒武纪第三世(古丈期晚期),是进行地层对比重要的三叶虫。松山(九高山)"清虚洞组"中的Olenoides包括2个种(含1个相似种):收缩拟油栉虫Olenoides contrictus(Chien,1961)及湖北拟油栉虫(相似种)O.cf.hubeiensis(Sun,1984),两者应为"清虚洞组"上覆地层凯里组产出的O.paraptus及O.hubeiensis的原始类型。Olenoides在寒武系黔东统都匀阶"清虚洞组"的发现,为其在研究区产出的最低层位。为Olenoides早期的形态、演化及时空分布的研究提供了重要的材料,也为寒武系都匀阶(第4阶)的生物地层研究提供了一些新的信息。 相似文献
5.
Alessandro Amorosi Luigi Bruno Bruno Campo Bianca Costagli Wan Hong Vincenzo Picotti Stefano Claudio Vaiani 《Sedimentology》2021,68(1):402-424
Despite increased application of subsurface datasets below the limits of seismic resolution, reconstructing near‐surface deformation of shallow key stratigraphic markers beneath modern alluvial and coastal plains through sediment core analysis has received little attention. Highly resolved stratigraphy of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e to Marine Isotope Stage 1) alluvial, deltaic and coastal depositional systems across the southern Po Plain, down to 150 m depth, provides an unambiguous documentation on the deformation of previously flat‐lying strata that goes back in time beyond the limits of morphological, historical and palaeoseismic records. Five prominent key horizons, accurately selected on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics and typified for their fossil content, were used as highly effective stratigraphic markers (M1 to M5) that can be tracked for tens of kilometres across the basin. A facies‐controlled approach tied to a robust chronology (102 radiocarbon dates) reveals considerable deformation of laterally extensive nearshore (M1), continental (M2 and M3) and lagoon (M4 and M5) marker beds originally deposited in a horizontal position (M1, M4 and M5). The areas where antiformal geometries are best observed are remarkably coincident with the axes of buried ramp anticlines, across which new seismic images reveal substantially warped stratal geometries of Lower Pleistocene strata. The striking spatial coincidence of fold crests with the epicentres of historic and instrumental seismicity suggests that deformation of marker beds M1 to M5 might reflect, in part at least, syntectonically generated relief and, thus, active tectonism. Precise identification and lateral tracing of chronologically constrained stratigraphic markers in the 14C time window through combined sedimentological and palaeoecological data may delineate late Quaternary subsurface stratigraphic architecture at an unprecedented level of detail, outlining cryptic stratal geometries at the sub‐seismic scale. This approach is highly reproducible in tectonically active Quaternary depositional systems and can help to assess patterns of active deformation in the subsurface of modern alluvial and coastal plains worldwide. 相似文献
6.
Pergamidia在川西昌台纳楞海三叠系的发现及时代意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对于Pergamidia的时代,一直存在不同的观点:多数人认为它是诺利克期的典型化石,但也有认为其时代为卡尼克期至诺利克期,以Pergamidia为主的化石组合则出现在诺利克期。在四川西部昌台地区的纳楞海—国营种畜场剖面中,产出了大量的双壳类化石,包括前人发现的双壳分子组合Halobia yunnanensis-Halobia pluriradiata(Hy-Hp组合)及本次观测纳楞海剖面时采集的以Pergamidia属的分子为主的新化石组合,由Pergamidia eumenea,Pergamidia attalea,Pergamidia timorensis,Pergamidiaeumenea hoqingensis等组成。新化石组合在该剖面中的层位位于Hy-Hp组合的底部,资料证实Hy-Hp组合为卡尼克中、晚期典型化石组合。区域上的Perga-midia时代延限为卡尼克期—诺利克期,以Pergamidia属为主的双壳类化石组合面貌既可以出现于诺利克期也可出现在卡尼克期;川西昌台地区的Pergamidia在具有酸性火山活动末期的环境中聚集、繁盛,并从纳楞海开始向周围环境扩散。 相似文献
7.
浙江煤山D剖面二叠系长兴组高精度岩石地层 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
基于对浙江煤山D剖面长兴组到下三叠统殷坑组岩石地层单元高精度的测量,选择了Yinetal.(1996)、盛金章等(1987)和赵金科等(1981)的地层资料,对比并修订了早期地层资料中的误差。重点标注了该剖面特殊岩性段,如黏土岩、碳酸盐化流纹质凝灰岩的产出层位,详尽描述了二叠系-三叠系界线附近的微观岩石地层特征,认为Y24e层顶部至Y27层为存在高度凝缩沉积或者沉积缺失的层段。这些高精度岩石地层材料将进一步推动二叠纪-三叠纪过渡期生物灭绝事件的后层型研究。 相似文献
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João Rocha José Brilha Maria Helena Henriques 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
In the western coast of Portugal, Cape Mondego is a well-known set of outcrops due to its international stratigraphic relevance given by the establishment of two stratotypes: the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Bajocian Stage and the Auxiliary Stratotype Section and Point (ASSP) for the base of the Bathonian Stage. 相似文献
9.
V. A. Filippov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,478(1):43-45
The Ufimian tectonic concentric structure (UTC) is a regional structure with concentric and zonal structure of the internal gravity field. In the Neoproterozoic this structure was at higher hypsometric level relative to the Bashkir Meganticlinorium. The most significant uplift of this tectonic concentric structure happened at the beginning of the Karatau time (~825 Ma) and was accompanied by the formation of a ring fractured zone, favorable for hydrocarbon migration from the Lower Riphean black shales. Due to this, bitumens with higher Mo content in the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic deposits are confined spatially to this zone. The bitumenosity of the Neoproterozoic deposits on the southern slope of the Ufimian tectonic concentric structure could have contributed to the formation of complex Cu–Ag–Mo–Re ores (copper sands) at the upper boundary of terrigenous red deposits of the Zilmerdak Formation. Positive structures identified in the Neoproterozoic deposits near the margin of the Ufimian tectonic concentric structure are considered to be promising for searching for hydrocarbon fields. 相似文献
10.
Stratigraphic architecture resulting from Late Quaternary evolution of the Riverine Plain, south-eastern Australia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Riverine Plain of south-eastern Australia is the result of prolonged Cenozoic fluvial activity. Single thread, anabranching and distributary channels and floodplains, and associated aeolian dunes, characterize the uppermost sequences. Based on detailed interpretations of Late Quaternary fluvial sedimentation and surficial stratigraphy for this 77 000-km2 basin, earlier ‘prior stream’ and ‘ancestral stream’ models of fluvial deposition, deduced from limited stratigraphic and chronological evidence, are replaced with aggradational palaeochannel and migrational palaeochannel models. Thermoluminescence dating reveals four distinct phases of palaeochannel activity between 105 and 12 ka; the first (Coleambally phase) late in Oxygen Isotope Stage 5, the second (Kerarbury phase) in Stage 3, the third (Gum Creek phase) before and the fourth (Yanco phase) after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Stage 2. The first three of these phases were characterized by mixed-load laterally migrating sinuous palaeochannels with occasional transitions to a straighter bedload-dominated mode, and vice versa. The first two phases concluded with a bedload-dominated episode resulting in aggradational palaeochannels on the surface of the Plain, and the third phase (prior to the LGM) did also in its downstream reaches. The phase following the LGM was characterized entirely by large mixed-load sinuous migrational palaeochannels. These exhibited no terminating bedload episode, because the onset of Holocene climates reduced the size of the flood peaks, greatly diminished the supply of bedload from the upper catchments and resulted in streams evolving to their present highly sinuous suspended load form. The result is a complex stratigraphic architecture consisting of vertically and laterally accreted units extending over hundreds of kilometres in the form of channel-sand stringers, sand sheets and derivative aeolian dunes partially or wholly encased in overbank fines. 相似文献
11.
K. E. Degtyarev T. Yu. Tolmacheva A. A. Tretyakov N. B. Kuznetsov E. A. Belousova T. V. Romanyuk 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2018,26(5):514-533
This work presents the data on the structure, geochronology, and formation settings of the Ordovician sedimentary and volcanogenic-sedimentary complexes of the Sterlitamak, Mariev, and Imanburluk structural and formational zones located in the western and northwestern frames of the Kokchetav massif (Northern Kazakhstan). In addition, the results of detailed stratigraphic, geochemical, and geochronological studies of the reference section of the Ordovician deposits of the Mariev Zone are given. The studied section is composed of carbonate, terrigenous, and less commonly volcanogenic-sedimentary deposits, confined to a wide stratigraphic interval from Tremadocian Stage of the Lower Ordovician to the lower Sandbian Stage of the Upper Ordovician. For the first time, the study of conodont assemblages made it possible to establish the Early to Middle Ordovician age of the most ancient limestone–dolomite sequence, which was previously conventionally attributed to the Cambrian. The above-lying tuffaceous–terrigenous Kupriyanovka Formation is now attributed to the Middle Ordovician. On the basis of compositional features of the lithoclastic tuffs composing the middle part of the formation, we assume that it was formed within the island arc zone. Limestones from the base of the youngest terrigenous–carbonate Kreshchenovka Formation are attributed to the lower part of the Sandbian Stage of the Upper Ordovician. The study of the geochronology of detrital zircons from terrigenous rocks of the limestone–dolomite sequence has shown that the Early Neoproterozoic quartzite–schist sequences of the Kokchetav massif were the most probable provenance area during its deposition. It was established that there was the change of sedimentation environments from closed lagoons to a relatively deep sea basin with normal salinity and intense circulation of water masses in the northwestern frame of the Kokchetav massif during the Ordovician. During this period of time, there was a sufficiently high level of erosion of provenance areas that resulted in the deposition of thick strata of terrigenous material. A general tendency of the deepening of sedimentation environments from the Early to Late Ordovician was interrupted by sea level rises in the Dapingian and early Darriwilian ages. 相似文献
12.
Four major periods of palaeochannel activity have been identified on the Murrumbidgee sector of the Riverine Plain of southeastern Australia. On the basis of stratigraphic information the channels reveal a picture of changing flow conditions during the last full glacial cycle. The ages of the periods were determined from nearly 40 thermoluminescence dates on surficial fluvial and aeolian sediments. These are named the Coleambally phase, which occurred from 105 to 80 ka (the mid- to latter part of Oxygen Isotope Stage 5), the Kerarbury phase from 55 to 35 ka (Stage 3), the Gum Creek phase from 35 to 25 ka (late Stage 3 to early Stage 2) and the Yanco phase from 20 to 13 ka (late Stage 2). The present flow regime was established by about 12 ka (Stage 1). The first two phases correlate with episodes of enhanced fluvial activity in northern and central Australia and with reduced dust activity globally. The phases in Stage 2 appear to be associated with seasonal snow melt and increased peak flows in periods flanking the Last Glacial Maximum. Source-bordering aeolian dunes associated with the Coleambally, Kerarbury and Yanco phases were found, however, the TL dates show that some have undergone aeolian reworking. Thermoluminescence dating and fluvial stratigraphy have revealed a detailed picture of Late Quaternary climate and flow regime changes that has the potential to extend to identified deposits stratigraphically older than those described here. 相似文献
13.
Wang Yue Wang Jing CHEN Jun WANG Weijie Shen Shuzhong Charles M. HENDERSON 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(2):387-398
The Kungurian Stage is one of the three remaining stages of the Permian that is not yet defined at the base by a Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). The candidate section at the Yuryuzan’River in the Urals yields few conodonts, and contains non-marine sediments near the boundary. The search for a suitable, continuous marine succession is a principal task for the Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy. The Leonardian, with its type area in the southwest United States, and in objective stratigraphic succession directly beneath the basal Guadalupian Roadian Stage, has priority to serve as a subseries of the Lower Permian. However, distinct provincialism limits the correlation of Leonardian fossil zones with the fusuline-based Tethyan timescale. Conodonts can be correlated in many important regions on opposite sides of Pangea, yet contradictions arise when relating conodont zones with fusuline and ammonoid zones. The different taxonomic philosophies are highly suspected for the cause of the conflicts, but also there are different conodonts from the type Roadian in West Texas. Given that the Pamir and Darvaz in central Asia are difficult to access, further investigations should focus on South China, where abundant fusulines and ammonoids facilitate correlation throughout the Tethyan region, and where conodonts permit correlation with North America. 相似文献
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依据露头层序地层学原理,对银额盆地及邻区二叠系隆林阶—冷坞阶露头剖面进行层序界面的识别和层序划分,共划分为2个Ⅲ级层序。在对东西、南北向层序地层对比的基础上,初步建立了研究区的层序地层格架。隆林期—罗甸期全区发生大范围的海侵接受海相沉积,以滨海—浅海陆棚相为主,局部发育碳酸盐岩台地相,盆地边缘发育过渡相沉积,有2个沉积中心,黑鹰山-额济纳旗坳陷带的沉积中心在碧云泉南-芦草井地区,柳园-巴丹吉林坳陷带的沉积中心在卡路山-杭乌拉一带。祥播期-冷坞期继承了前期的沉积格局,只是沉积范围向北西缩小,黑鹰山-额济纳旗坳陷带的沉积中心在芦草井地区,柳园-巴丹吉林坳陷带水体变浅,沉积中心在古硐井地区。 相似文献
15.
泰宁白垩纪红层盆地由朱口、梅口、龙安3个盆地组成,盆地内出露的岩石地层为沙县组和崇安组。近期工作,首次在龙安盆地沙县组采获植物化石和孢粉化石,梅口盆地崇安组采获孢粉化石。根据植物化石及孢粉组合特征,沙县组地质时代为晚白垩世早、中期,相当于赛诺曼期-土仑期(Cenomanian-Turonian);崇安组为晚白垩世晚期,相当于康尼亚克期-马斯特里赫特期(Coniacian-Maastrichtian)。依据泰宁梅口盆地崇安组孢粉组合特征,建立晚白垩世晚期Pinuspollenites-Ulmipollenites minor组合,以代表福建白垩纪第Ⅵ孢粉组合。 相似文献
16.
GARY J. HAMPSON M. ROYHAN GANI HIRANYA SAHOO ANDREAS RITTERSBACHER ANDREW RANSON JOHN A. HOWELL SIMON J. BUCKLEY BRYAN BRACKEN 《Sedimentology》2012,59(7):2226-2258
Current models of alluvial to coastal plain stratigraphy are concept‐driven and focus on relative sea‐level as an allogenic control. These models are tested herein using data from a large (ca 100 km long and 300 m thick), continuous outcrop belt (Upper Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation, central Utah, USA). Many channelized fluvial sandbodies in the Blackhawk Formation have a multilateral and multistorey internal character, and they generally increase in size and abundance (from ca 10% to ca 30% of the strata) from base to top of the formation. These regional, low‐resolution trends exhibit much local variation, but are interpreted to reflect progressively decreasing tectonic subsidence in the upper Blackhawk Formation and overlying Castlegate Sandstone. The trend may also incorporate progressively more frequent channel avulsion during deposition of the lower Blackhawk Formation. Laterally extensive coal zones formed on the coastal plain during shallow‐marine transgressions, and define the high‐resolution stratigraphic framework of the lower Blackhawk Formation. Large (up to 25 m thick and 1 to 6 km wide), multistorey, multilateral, fluvial channel‐complex sandbodies that overlie composite erosion surfaces occur at distinct stratigraphic levels, and are interpreted as fluvial incised valley fills. Low amplitude (<30 m) relative sea‐level variations are interpreted as the dominant control on stratigraphic architecture in the lower Blackhawk Formation, which was deposited up to 50 km inland from the coeval shoreline. In contrast, the high‐resolution stratigraphy of the upper Blackhawk Formation is poorly defined, and channelized fluvial sandbodies are poorly organized. Vertical and laterally offset stacking of a small proportion (<10%) of sandbodies produced ‘clusters’ that are not confined by ‘master’ erosion surfaces. Avulsion is interpreted to dominate the stratigraphic architecture of the upper Blackhawk Formation. This data‐driven analysis indicates that alluvial to coastal plain stratigraphic architecture reflects a combination of various allogenic controls and autogenic behaviours. The relative sea‐level control emphasized in sequence stratigraphic models is only rarely dominant. 相似文献
17.
The Hoh Xil Basin, lying in the central Tibetan Plateau, is key to understanding the Cenozoic tectonics, paleoelevation and paleoclimate changes that have occurred in the Tibetan Plateau since the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates. However, the stratigraphic age and paleoelevation indicated by the sediments of the Hoh Xil Basin remain hotly debated. Here we report on one palynological record from the TTH-C section, extracted from the Yaxicuo Group (the stratigraphic unit between the Fenghuoshan and Wudaoliang groups), and analyze its implications for stratigraphic age, paleoclimate and paleoelevation in the Hoh Xil Basin. The record shows that palynological taxa are mainly dominated by xerophytic Ephedripites, Nitrariadites (Nitrariapollis) and Chenopodipollis, with few ferns and conifers. Rich morphologies correspond well with those in the Xia Ganchaigou Formation (Fm) of the Qaidam Basin to the north. Palynological percentages are well correlated with the middle member of the Xia Ganchaigou Fm in the Qaidam Basin as well as the lower member of the Mahalagou Fm in the Xining Basin to the northeast. The ages of the middle member of the Xia Ganchaigou and lower member of the Mahalagou Fms from these two basins are both identical to the Bartonian Stage (~ 40–37 Ma) of the Late Eocene, according to their respective high-resolution magnetostratigraphic dating. This means that the age of the Yaxicuo Group at least covers the Bartonian Stage. Besides the Qaidam and Xining basins, the palynological assemblages of the TTH-C section are also similar to those of three other sites (the Jiuquan, Tu-ha and Hetao basins), indicating similarly arid climates dominated by a northwestern Chinese subtropical high, and a relatively low paleoelevation in the Hoh Xil Basin (mostly < 2000 m a.s.l.) in the Late Eocene. 相似文献
18.
本文利用近年来区调新资料，论述了西山地区杨庄组岩石特征、沉积环境和地层对比，指出了西山杨庄组的发现对该区地层层序划分的重要意义，探讨了杨庄期燕山地区的古地理状况。 相似文献
19.
The Zumaya section, northern Spain, is a suitable candidate to define the Global Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Selandian Stage (Palaeocene) because of its excellent accessibility, exposure and stratigraphic continuity. Uncertainties exist, however, with regard to the stratigraphic horizon where to place the Danian/Selandian (D/S) boundary. Five potential stratigraphic horizons (HDS1 to HDS5) to define the D/S boundary have been identified at Zumaya, based on integrated stratigraphic studies that include quantitative planktic and benthic foraminiferal results, as well as δ13C isotopic and lithological data. Two of these horizons (HDS2 and HDS4) placed in Zone C26r appear to have particularly good potential for serving as the D/S boundary marker, because they may represent significant global palaeoceanographic, palaeoclimatic and eustatic events. 相似文献