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1.
以山东省济南市章丘区北部表层土壤中As等8种重金属元素为研究对象,利用多元统计进行重金属来源分析,采用污染负荷指数法及潜在生态危害指数法进行污染评价,结果表明:研究区表层土壤重金属元素含量低于济南市土壤背景值,Cd和Hg元素含量为强度变异,在表层土壤产生一定的富集;不同土地利用类型下重金属元素含量具有差异性。土壤中Cr,Cu,Ni和Zn来源于土壤母质,Cd和Pb元素来源于人类活动,As元素来源复杂。土壤综合污染以轻度污染为主,重金属元素污染程度大小为AsNiPbZnCrCuCdHg。综合潜在生态风险以轻微和中度为主,潜在生态风险强弱程度为HgCdAsCuPbNiCrZn,建议防范Hg和Cd元素污染及生态风险。  相似文献   

2.
近年来,随着烟台东部高新技术海洋经济新区的快速发展,城市地表土壤重金属污染状况愈渐严重,以烟台东部高新技术海洋经济新区范围作为研究区,在地表深度1 m以内的表土(0~20 cm)和心土(20~40 cm),取土壤样205件进行分析测试,采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,对研究区进行了地表土壤重金属污染评价,7种重金属元素单项污染程度依次为PbCuCdHgCrNiAs;根据内梅罗综合污染指数法评价研究区土壤环境质量,认为整体较好,大部分属于清洁区和尚清洁区;区内地表土壤重金属污染主要分布于芝罘区、莱山区西北以及解甲庄镇西南工业集中地区,其中Pb,Cu,Cd,Hg 4种元素为造成研究区地表土壤重金属元素污染的主要污染元素,Ni,Cr为造成区内地表重金属污染的次要因素,As未发现污染,与重金属元素单项污染程度相呼应。  相似文献   

3.
通过对青岛城区土壤进行调查取样,运用单因子评价和内梅罗指数法对青岛表层土壤8种重金属元素(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Hg,Pb和Zn)的测试结果进行评价,查明了土壤环境质量现状及其污染程度:青岛市土壤环境质量总体较高,绝大部分地区土壤环境保持在清洁水平;污染区域以孤岛状零星分布于青岛市内,区内胶州湾入海口污染指数偏高,很可能是由于河流上游污水排放导致的。通过对未来20年城区土壤在大气降尘影响下重金属Cd,Zn的累积情况进行了预测,结果表明:随着时间的推移,土壤有害元素含量会有所增高。其中,大气降尘中Zn元素对青岛市区土壤影响明显。该研究对于正确认识青岛区域地球化学特征和地质环境具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

4.
通过对鲁西南煤炭基地若干混堆的煤矸石山周围耕作层土壤的实际调查及分析测试资料,研究了煤矸石堆附近耕作层土壤中重金属污染状况。结果表明,土壤局部已经受到Cd、Ni的污染,但未出现多金属复合污染状况。煤矸石堆附近土壤已经受到采矿等人类活动的影响,其中Cd,Hg的人为影响最大。从8种重金属元素含量随深度的变化曲线形态来看,Hg,Cd 2种元素与Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,As 6种元素曲线形态显示差异性,Hg,Cd元素在土壤中赋存、迁移等应具特殊性,有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

5.
富集在河流沉积物中的重金属是长期影响河流地表水和周边农田土壤环境生态的潜在威胁。采集鲁西五龙河小流域表层沉积物样品,分析As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn共8种重金属的含量,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法评价重金属元素污染现状和潜在生态风险,运用正定矩阵因子矩阵法对沉积物重金属来源进行解析。结果表明,沉积物重金属中Cr、Cu、Hg和Ni的平均含量明显高于相关背景值,显示一定的富集特征。重金属污染程度排序为Ni>Hg>Cu>Cr>Cd>Zn>As>Pb,其中Cu、Hg和Ni为偏中度污染,Cd和Cr为偏轻度污染,As、Zn和Pb为无污染。沉积物重金属潜在生态风险低、中、较高等级风险占比分别为40.8%、48.1%和11.1%,Hg和Cd为主要潜在生态风险元素,分别表现为较高潜在生态风险和中等潜在生态风险,风险点主要分布在五龙河汇合口和富水河中。研究区重金属污染来源主要有自然源(Cr和Ni)、混合源(As、Cd、Hg和Pb)和果园农药(Cu和Zn),三者贡献率分别为30%、31%和39%。  相似文献   

6.
以郯城县某镇生态地球化学调查取得的土壤地球化学数据为基础,利用因子分析法将研究区划分为3个土壤地球化学分区,10个土壤地球化学亚区。每个土壤地球化学亚区的元素间彼此存在相关性,而重金属元素的含量往往决定了该土壤地球化学分区或亚区的污染状况。首次尝试以土壤地球化学分区为评价单元,对郯城县某镇耕地土壤中8项重金属污染状况进行了评价。结果表明,该区耕地土壤重金属元素含量属弱至低等变异程度,均一化程度较高,重金属污染风险低,但个别土壤分区存在Hg,Ni,Cr含量分异程度大,点位高于背景比例偏高的现象;单项污染指数中Ni,Cr的值相对偏高,表明存在单个因子人为污染的现象;内梅罗污染指数指示I-3亚区为该镇最高,存在一定的污染隐患;地累积指数指示了I-3亚区中Ni、II-1亚区中Hg的值均>1,为轻微污染等级。此次评价工作也表明,基于土壤地球化学分区的耕地土壤重金属污染评价结果与土壤环境质量评价图件反映的信息较为吻合。  相似文献   

7.
本文以山东省东南部的临沭县北部农用地表层土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤中8种重金属元素含量及其分布特征,采用地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价了研究区农用地土壤重金属生态风险。结果表明：8种重金属中除Pb元素略高于临沂市表层土壤背景值外其余7种元素都低于背景值,研究区表层土壤中金属累积程度整体上相对较轻,土壤中重金属地积累程度由强到弱顺序为Hg>As>Zn>Cd>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb, Hg元素有0.30%的样品属于中度累积以上级别,是累积程度最严重的元素,在局部可能存在一定程度的严重污染状况。Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn这5种元素的单因子潜在生态风险较小,Hg和Cd为单因子潜在生态风险评价重危害程度最严重的2种元素,综合潜在生态风险指数有72件样品达到了中度风险等级以上,这种现象主要受Hg和Cd这2种元素的影响。该研究成果可为该地区农产品产地安全管理和农业可持续发展提供重要科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
通过系统生态地球化学调查与评价,在山东日照地区共采集了5 323个表层土壤样品,获取了表层土壤重金属元素地球化学分析数据。以表层土壤As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等8种重金属元素为研究对象,按照《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618—1995),采用单因子指数和综合评价指数对土壤环境质量进行评价。土壤单因子环境质量评价结果表明:As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等8种元素Ⅰ类土壤的面积比例分别为100.00%、98.21%、94.14%、98.10%、99.90%、89.18%、96.61%和98.37%,说明山东日照地区土壤环境质量良好;土壤单因子环境质量平均达到Ⅰ类土壤的占调查区土壤总面积的96.81%,Ⅱ类土壤占3.17%,Ⅲ类土壤仅占0.02%。表层土壤重金属元素污染综合评价结果表明:表层土壤环境质量属于Ⅰ类土壤(清洁—较清洁)的占调查区土壤总面积的86.39%,属于Ⅱ类土壤(轻度污染)的占13.55%,属于Ⅲ类土壤(中度污染)的占0.06%,说明山东日照地区表层土壤重金属综合污染很少,土壤环境质量总体状况良好。土壤重金属元素综合指标评价结果显示,未富集区面积累计占区域总面积的5.50%,弱富集区占38.63%,中度富集区占53.27%,重度富集区占2.60%,说明区域表层土壤中污染物已有积累趋势,虽未达到有害程度,亦应引起重视。  相似文献   

9.
为揭示河北省典型铅锌矿区重金属来源及生态风险,以河北省某铅锌矿区周边区域为研究对象,通过系统的田间采样采集了156件土壤样品,通过主成分分析(PCA)及正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型分析,分析了区域内重金属的来源;运用地累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法进行了风险评价。研究结果表明,Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb和Hg质量分数平均值分别为53.6,25.7,62.7,692,10.6,1.75,142,0.129 mg/kg,除Cr, Ni和As外,其余5种重金属均处于不同的污染水平,平均值均超河北省土壤背景值,Hg, Cd, Zn, Pb和Cu的变异系数均大于1.75,As的变异系数大于0.5,表明这6种重金属属于高度变异。源解析显示,研究区土壤重金属的主要来源为采矿活动、自然来源、农业活动和金矿冶炼,其中,Pb, Zn和Cd主要源于采矿活动;Cr, Ni主要受自然母质的影响,属于自然来源;Cu主要受农业活动和采矿活动的双重影响;As受自然来源、采矿活动和农业活动三重控制;Hg主要源于金矿冶炼和采矿活动。PCA与PMF模型有机结合、彼此印证,增加了重金属来源解析结果...  相似文献   

10.
在吉林省黑土区系统的野外调查和土壤及玉米籽实样品采集、测试的基础上,采用地球化学分析方法及SPSS技术,研究了Cd元素的土壤地球化学特征,及其在土壤和作物籽实中的含量特征和相关性,用以揭示Cd元素在土壤-作物系统中的转化累积特征及影响因素,为粮食安全服务。研究表明：吉林省黑土区Cd元素全量高于吉林省及全国土壤背景值,但不存在污染,籽实中Cd含量低于国家安全标准。土壤中Cd元素有效态转化程度较高,受其全量控制,同时Zn、 Cu及P元素有效量对Cd转化的作用明显,偏酸性土壤更利于Cd元素的转化。玉米籽实对Cd吸收程度较低,主要取决于其自身的生物特性, Zn元素缺乏可能导致玉米籽实对Cd元素吸收增加。  相似文献   

11.
Comparative study on rain splash erosion of representative soils in China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
As the first event of soil erosion, rain splash erosion supplies materials for subsequent transportation and entrainment. The Loess Plateau, the southern hilly region and the Northeast China are subject to serious soil and water loss; however, the characteristics of rain splash erosion in those regions are still unclear. The objectives of the study are to analyze the characteristics of splash erosion on loess soil, red soil, purple soil and black soil, and to discuss the relationship between splash erosion and soil properties. Soil samples spatially distributed in the abovementioned regions were collected and underwent simulated rainfalls at a high intensity of 1.2mm/min, lasting for 5, 10, 15, and 20min, respectively. Rain splash and soil crust development were analyzed. It shows that black soil sample from Heilongjiang Province corresponds to the minimum splash erosion amount because it has high aggregate content, aggregate stability and organic matter content. Loess soil sample from Inner Mongolia corresponds to the maximum splash erosion amount because it has high content of sand particles. Loess soil sample from Shanxi Province has relatively lower splash erosion amount because it has high silt particle content and low aggregate stability easily to be disrupted under rainfalls with high intensity. Although aggregate contents of red soil and purple soil samples from Hubei and Guangdong provinces are high, the stability is weak and prone to be disrupted, so the splash erosion amount is medium. Splash rate which fluctuates over time is observed because soil crust development follows a cycling processes of formation and disruption. In addition, there are two locations of soil crust development, one appears at the surface, and the other occurs at the subsurface.  相似文献   

12.
The structure of the ＂black soil＂ in Northeast China has been greatly deteriorated by long-term intensive conventional mouldboard plow tillage （CT） practices. In this study, micro- morphological observation and image analysis of soil thin sections were conducted to evaluate the impacts of 21 years （1986-2007） of no tillage （NT） on soil structure as compared to CT in an experiment near Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province. Soil organic matter （SOM）, wet aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity （Ks） were also analyzed. Total SOM was not significantly affected by tillage systems, but fresher SOM was observed in the surface layer under NT. The aggregates under NT showed different hierarchies in the form of crumbs, and the mean weight diameter （MWD） of NT was significant higher than that of CT in the surface layer. Platy and blocky aggregates were frequently observed in the lower layers under CT practice. The compound pore structure with intertwined intra- and inter- aggregates pores under NT was well developed in a layer from 0-5 cm to 20-25 era. While under CT system, more inter-aggregate pores and fewer intra- aggregate pores were observed, and planes and channels were frequently found in the 20-25 cm layer, where maeroporosity decreased significantly and a plow pan was evident. The Ks values of NT weresignificantly lower at o-5 cm but significantly higher at 20-95 cm compared with CT, which showed the same trend with macroporosity. These results confirmed that long-term CT practice fragmented the tillage layer soil and compacted the lower layer soil and formed a plow pan. While long-term NT practice in the black soil region favored soil aggregation and a stable porous soil structure was formed, which are important to the water infiltration and prevent soil erosion.  相似文献   

13.
Principal Component Analysis(PCA) can simplify the structure of database by replacing multi-dimensional parameters with relatively less comprehensive variables in order to ensure the minimum lost in initial data.In this paper,eighteen black soil samples from different sites were tested and thirteen distinctive indexes were chosen to evaluate the degeneration of black soil.By using principal component analysis,variables of thirteen dimensions can be diminished to six unrelated principal indexes.Analysis shows that the soluble salt content,Fulvic acids(FA) and aggregation degree have a high weighing coefficient,indicating these three indexes are the major parts for the evaluation of black soil degradation.It also provides a new path to the degenerated black soil treatment in Northeast China.  相似文献   

14.
The floodplain -egetation of the Tarim River in Northwest China is strongly influenced by irrigated agriculture. The abstrac- tion of river water disturbs; the natural dynamics of the floodplain ecosystem. The human impact on the hydrological system by bank dams and the irrigation of cotton plantings have caused adverse changes of the Tarim River and its floodplains, so the current stocks of the typical Tugai vegetation show significant signs of degradation. Field studies of soils and statistical analysis of soil moisture data have shown that the vitality of the Tugai vegetation is primarily determined by its position to the riverbank and the groundwater. There exist complex interactions between soil hydrological conditions and the vitality of the vegetation. But the availability of water is not only influenced by the groundwater level and seasonal flood events. The spatial distribution of stocks at different states of vitality seems also to be decisively influenced by physical soil properties. Our results show that the water supply of plant communities is strongly in- fluenced by the soil texture. Spatial differences of soil moisture and corresponding soil water tensions may be the decisive factors for the zonafion of vegetation. Physical soil properties control the water retention and rising of capillary water from deeper soil layers and the phreatic zone and may supply the root systems of the phreatophytic vegetation with water. Keywords： soil moisture;soil texture; soil water tensions; Tarim River; water retention  相似文献   

15.
砷污染生态效应及水土体系中砷的治理对策研究   总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18  
针对土壤砷污染严重的环境问题，通过分析砷的环境分布及砷化合物的主要环境性质，探讨了砷的土壤环境容量、土壤中的行为及砷对作物生态效应等问题，进一步研究了土壤砷的来源和存在形态、土壤中砷污染对农作物生长发育的影响及在作物体内的累积规律，提出了严禁随意排放、控制含砷农药使用量以及施加石灰固定土壤中砷的防治措施。  相似文献   

16.
To evaluate the diurnal and seasonal variations in soil respiration(Rs) and understand the controlling factors, we measured carbon dioxide(CO2) fluxes and their environmental variables using a LI-6400 soil CO2 flux system at a temperate Leymus chinensis meadow steppe in the western Songnen Plain of China in the growing season(May–October) in 2011 and 2012. The diurnal patterns of soil respiration could be expressed as single peak curves, reaching to the maximum at 11:00–15:00 and falling to the minimum at 21:00–23:00(or before dawn). The time-window between 7:00 and 9:00 could be used as the optimal measuring time to represent the daily mean soil CO2 efflux. In the growing season, the daily value of soil CO2 efflux was moderate in late spring(1.06–2.51 μmol/(m2·s) in May), increased sharply and presented a peak in summer(2.95–3.94 μmol/(m2·s) in July), and then decreased in autumn(0.74–0.97 μmol/(m2·s) in October). Soil temperature(Ts) exerted dominant control on the diurnal and seasonal variations of soil respiration. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration(Q10) exhibited a large seasonal variation, ranging from 1.35 to 3.32, and decreased with an increasing soil temperature. Rs gradually increased with increasing soil water content(Ws) and tended to decrease when Ws exceeded the optimum water content(27%) of Rs. The Ts and Ws had a confounding effect on Rs, and the two-variable equations could account for 72% of the variation in soil respiration(p 0.01).  相似文献   

17.
In order to research engineering geological properties of the soil in Zhenlai of western Jilin, especially the dispersivity of soil, the authors carried out the basic physicochemical test and dispersivity identification test. The results show that the dispersivity of the soil increases with the increase of depth within 0-30 cm ( surface soil) ; it decreases as the depth increases within in 30-100 cm. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of the dispersivity indexes and physicochemical propertity indexes show that the DP is positively linear correlated with total soluble salt content, sodium ion content, ESP, pH and organic matter content. Meanwhile, it is negatively linear correlated with clay content, and the linear relationship is better. Through the study of the dispersion mechanism of soil samples, it can be concluded that sodium montmorillonite, higher percentage of exchangeable sodium and high pH are the main reasons for the dispersion of soils in western Jilin.  相似文献   

18.
Principal Component Analysis(PCA) can simplify the structure of database by replacing multi-dimensional parameters with relatively less comprehensive variables in order to ensure the minimum lost in initial data.In this paper,eighteen black soil samples from different sites were tested and thirteen distinctive indexes were chosen to evaluate the degeneration of black soil.By using principal component analysis,variables of thirteen dimensions can be diminished to six unrelated principal indexes.Analysis show...  相似文献   

19.
THE EFFECT OF LAND USE CHANGES ON SOIL CONDITIONS IN ARID REGION   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
Biography:CHEN Fu(1974－ ), male,a native of Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province, doctoral candidate.His research interests include land use management.1 INTRODUCTION Land use change may influence a variety of natural and ecological processes, including soil nutrient, soil moisture, soil erosion, land productivity (FU et al.， 1999), biodiversity, cycle of biographical geochemistry, and so on (VITOUSEK, 1994). So, it is very important that the studies of land use changes understand re…  相似文献   

20.
通过对某一级公路路基填土的天然含水量、液限、塑限、颗粒组成、矿物成分、自由膨胀率、胀缩总率等试验研究,运用塑性图,并综合各项指标对路基填土的膨胀性做了评价。结果认为,此路基填土为高液限和塑限的淤泥质软土,天然状态下具有弱膨胀性。通过对路基填土的击实试验和承载比试验表明,填土压实之后具有一定的膨胀性,在含水量变化差异性影响下的胀缩变形可能导致路基开裂。  相似文献   

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