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1.
为探索城市污泥资源化的途径,以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为原料,采用氯化锌活化法制备污泥吸附剂,考察了活化剂浓度、固液比、活化温度、活化时间4种因素对制备污泥吸附剂碘吸附值的影响,并对吸附剂进行了表征分析。实验结果表明:氯化锌浓度3mol/L、固液比1:2、活化温度550℃和活化时间40min为最佳制备条件,此条件下制得的污泥吸附剂碘吸附值为408.94mg/g,比表面积199.196m2/g,总孔体积为0.481cm3/g,微孔体积为0.089cm3/g,平均孔径为4.83nm。与商品活性炭相比,污泥吸附剂的碘吸附值和比表面积较小,孔径较宽,微孔所占比例较小,主要以过渡结构为主。 相似文献
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王永旺 《世界地质(英文版)》2014,(3)
为了粉煤灰的高附加值综合利用,采用酸浸法对准格尔地区循环流化床粉煤灰进行了镓的浸出实验研究,考察了多种因素对镓的浸出率的影响,包括粉煤灰粒度,酸的种类与浓度、酸浸温度与时间、固液比等。结果表明,提高镓的浸出率的适宜条件为：粉煤灰粒度200目,盐酸的浓度6 mol/L,酸浸温度应大于160℃,酸浸时间6 h,液固比在5∶1～6∶1之间为宜。在优选的工艺条件下,镓的浸出率可达80％以上。从粉煤灰中提取镓,使其作为一种资源加以利用,是提高粉煤灰综合利用价值的有效途径。 相似文献
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零价铁和硝基苯反应后生成二价铁和苯胺,而苯胺也是地下水污染物。硫酸根自由基具有强氧化性,可以降解苯胺。而二价铁可以活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基,进而去除苯胺。本文研究了二价铁浓度、过硫酸盐浓度、苯胺初始浓度、体系初始pH、反应温度等因素对二价铁活化过硫酸盐去除水中苯胺处理效率的影响。结果表明：①） Fe2＋活化过硫酸盐生成SO4-·能快速并有效氧化降解苯胺,对于目标浓度为1000 mg/L 的苯胺而言, Fe2＋浓度为3.3 mmol/L, Na2 S2 O8浓度为4.4 mmol/L时,对苯胺有较佳降解效果,苯胺的降解率为86.33％。②体系对较低浓度的苯胺降解效果较好,当污染物初始浓度由1000 mg/L降低到500 mg/L和100 mg/L时,苯胺降解率由86.33％升高为90.27％和97.16％。③初始pH对苯胺的降解率影响较大,中性条件下（ pH＝7左右）降解率较好,高初始pH （pH＝9,11）和低初始pH条件（pH＝3,5）下均低于中性条件下苯胺的降解效率。④体系的温度变化对降解率影响不明显。 相似文献
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麦饭石能够溶出丰富的微量元素是其最重要的特征之一,也是评价麦饭石质量优劣的标志,所以对麦饭石溶出机理和影响溶出的相关因素进行探讨,很有必要。微量元素以多种形式存在于岩石和矿物之中,其中以副矿物和包裹体内含量最丰。在自然条件下,由于H_2O、CO_2、O_2的作用,矿物发生溶解、水化、氧化和碳酸化,生成新矿物,其中部分微量元素也随之被解析出来。影响麦饭石溶出量的因素有矿物的晶格能、水化能、粒度、温度、浴液的酸碱度、动力条件等。对其本身活化可以大大提高麦饭石中矿物质的溶出量。 相似文献
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以蓝圆鲹为原料,酶解蓝圆鲹鱼肉蛋白制备小分子肽。运用响应面试验设计优化蓝圆鲹蛋白酶解的工艺条件,探讨了酶种类和添加量、液固比、酶解温度、酶解时间对多肽提取率的影响。结果表明:选用木瓜蛋白酶,添加量为0.10%,液固比2∶1,酶解温度54.4℃,酶解时间3.18 h下,多肽提取率为32.35%。 相似文献
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以月腹刺鲀(Gastrophysus lunaris)卵巢为原料,利用超声波辅助提取河豚毒素(Tetrodotoxin,TTX)。通过单因素实验及二次回归旋转组合设计实验研究液料比、超声温度、超声时间等因素对提取率的影响,确定超声波辅助提取河豚毒素的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:在实验范围内影响河豚毒素得率的各因素大小依次为液料体积质量比、超声温度、超声时间;超声波辅助提取河豚毒素的最佳工艺条件为液料体积(mL)质量(g)比3.03∶1,超声温度39℃,超声时间22 min,该工艺条件下提取河豚毒素得率为63.57μg/g。 相似文献
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水-煤相互作用是影响煤矿矿井水水质的重要因素之一。为揭示煤中重金属元素的溶出机制,利用连续化学提取、浸溶实验等方法分析了煤中10种重金属元素赋存形态,量化了水-煤相互作用过程中重金属元素平均溶出浓度,梳理了影响煤中重金属元素溶出的内在和外在因素。结果表明：(1)煤中的Hg和Cr主要以残渣态存在;Mo主要以残渣态和可氧化态存在;Ni、Cu、Co、Zn和Cd主要以残渣态、可氧化态和弱酸提取态存在;As和Pb主要以残渣态、可氧化态和可还原态存在。(2)各重金属元素的平均溶出浓度从高到低依次为Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Co、Mo、As、Cd、Pb、Hg,对应浓度分别为25.73、25.21、18.12、13.22、8.10、4.31、0.77、0.60、0.50、<0.10μg·L-1。(3)影响煤中重金属元素溶出的内在因素包括元素赋存含量、元素赋存状态和存在形式、煤炭产酸性能、水体Eh值等;外在因素包括氧暴露条件、水-煤相互作用时间等。在内在和外在因素的共同影响下,导致了不同地区煤中重金属元素溶出特征具有较大差异。 相似文献
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本文描述了用稀碱法处理海南细江蓠(Gracilaria sp.)制取琼胶的研究结果。用正交设计安排实验,发现在原料用氢氧化钠处理的条件下,在碱浓、温度和时间三因素中,温度为影响琼胶质量的主要因素。实验过程中探索了稀碱法的工艺条件,结果表明,用10％的氢氧化钠溶液在100℃处理细江蓠1小时,所得琼胶的凝胶强度高于用35％氢氧化钠溶液在70℃处理16小时者,胶的产率亦接近于浓碱法。实验证明,碱处理后的酸化与漂白条件,对胶的质量和产率亦有显著的影响,操作过程必须小心进行。胶液的过滤工序,对产品的光泽、颜色、透明度和凝胶强度均有一定的影响。胶液经数层纱布过滤之后,再用过滤棉进行第二次过滤,可以明显地提高这些质量指标。 相似文献
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The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature. 相似文献
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《极地研究(英文版)》2014,(4)
正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(4)
<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(6)
<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo- 相似文献
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Massimo GRECO 《山地科学学报》2014,(6):1383-1384
<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a 相似文献
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As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m. 相似文献
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Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter. 相似文献
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《极地研究(英文版)》2014,(3)
正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied 相似文献