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深部地球物理探测数据是岩石圈结构研究的重要资料,然而由于地学数据本身的多来源、多学科、海量等特点阻碍了数据的共享,而GIS技术恰好以强大的多学科交叉和空间数据处理功能为数据发布提供了新的途径。在GIS中信息的显示和分析方法都取决于地理信息数据模型,因此在利用GIS技术建立数据共享平台时,建立一个符合数据体查询和分析要求的数据模型尤为重要。笔者对几种空间数据存储方式和主流的空间数据模型进行了深入研究,最终结合深部地球物理探测数据的特点,以Geodatabase为基础建立了一个数据模型,为数据发布奠定了基础。 相似文献
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多维GIS矿产评价数据管理系统设计和实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
矿产资源评价需通过各种物探、化探、航空磁法、遥感、地质和实地调查资料综合分析以确定钻井孔位.针对多源、多时相、多尺度矿产资源勘探资料一体化管理和可视化分析,提出了一种基于分布式多维GIS模型的矿产资源评价数据管理方法.首先,分析了矿产资源预测评价数据资料特征,提出基于多维GIS模型的矿产资源评价数据管理模型;其次,提出了多源矿产资源评价数据处理策略,设计了一种全球瓦片金字塔模型的栅格和地形数据处理方法;再次,设计了分布式多维GIS矿产资源评价数据管理系统体系结构和功能模块,提出了双缓存性能优化方案;最后,开发实现了一个典型的矿产资源评价数据管理系统,实现了多达40种二维、三维数据、文档、多媒体等矿产资源评价数据一体化管理和可视化分析,可用于分布式矿产资源勘探评价的全球协同办公. 相似文献
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The Tau Model for Data Redundancy and Information Combination in Earth Sciences: Theory and Application 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Sunderrajan Krishnan 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(6):705-727
Many decision-making processes in the Earth sciences require the combination of multiple data originating from diverse sources.
These data are often indirect and uncertain, and their combination would call for a probabilistic approach. These data are
also partially redundant with each other or with all others taken jointly. This overlap in information arises due to a variety
of reasons—because the data arises from the same geology, because they originate from the same location or the same measurement
device, etc. The proposed tau model combines partially redundant data, each taking the form of a prior probability for the
event being assessed to occur given that single datum. The parameters of that tau model measure the additional contribution
brought by any single datum over that of all previously considered data; they are data sequence-dependent and also data value-dependent.
Data redundancy depends on the sequence in which the data is considered and also on the data values themselves. However, for
a given sequence, averaging the tau model parameters over all possible data values leads to exact analytical expressions and
corresponding approximations and inference avenues. Information on multiple-point connectivity of permeability arrives from
core data, well-test data and seismic data which are defined over varying supports with complex redundancy between these information
sources. In order to compute these tau weights for determining connectivity, one needs a model of data redundancy, here expressed
as a vectorial training image (Ti) constructed using a prior conceptual knowledge of geology and the physics of data measurement.
From such a vectorial Ti, the tau weights can be computed exactly. Neglecting data redundancy leads to an over-compounding
of individual data information and the possible risk of making extreme decisions. 相似文献
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全国矿产资源潜力评价（2006-2013）工作历时8年,是建国以来规模最大的矿情调查工作之一,形成了海量（TB级）的成果数据。如何高效的管理该数据集,实现数据的广泛应用,成为数据共享服务的关键和难点。文章以全国矿产潜力评价成果数据为基础,运用GIS技术,分析了地质大数据存储管理、基于元数据的查询检索、空间数据可视化等关键技术,提出了一种针对海量、多源、异构的地质数据的统一管理思路。通过对成果数据的分析整理,构建元数据库作为存储不同类型数据的索引,完成数据的统一集成管理,同时实现数据的快速查询访问;借助强大成熟的Mapgis k9功能模块和开源的NASA World Wind三维数字地球引擎,进行二次开发,搭建适合于矿产资源潜力评价成果数据信息管理系统平台,为矿产资源潜力评价成果数据推广应用提供信息技术支撑,提高潜力评价数据的信息化服务能力。 相似文献
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城市三维地质数据的组织与管理是城市三维地质信息系统建设所面临的首要难题。通过对城市地质调查成果数据和城市三维地质信息系统用户需求的分析,将城市三维地质数据抽象、概括为“两个层次、四大类别”。“两个层次”是指城市三维地质数据包括原始数据和解释成果数据这两个层次;“四大类别”则是将城市三维地质数据分为地理空间数据、原始勘察数据、专业解释数据和三维地质建模数据等四个大类,其中地理空间数据和原始勘察数据属于“原始数据”这一层次,专业解释数据和三维地质建模数据属于“解释成果数据”这一层次。论文还按照地质数据所涉及的专业标准,将城市三维地质数据划分为多个专业库,这可满足不同专业的工程人员的应用需求。根据三维地质建模的要求,特别提取出经特殊解释后的三维建模数据,以实现对地质数据的三维可视化显示与分析。这种数据组织与管理方案已经成功的应用于北京、上海等城市的三维地质数据管理和服务系统之中。 相似文献
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The development of new and better methods for preventing and managing natural disasters requires a variety of different data
sets, covering the range from referenced data, e.g. topographic data and digital elevation models, to various kinds of thematic
data, e.g. data about soil, vegetation and land usage as well as monitoring data like precipitation and water levels. So a
well-organised data and information management and the implementation of a modern processing environment to acquire, store,
analyse and visualise data were decisive for the success of the German Research Network Natural Disasters (DFNK). An information
infrastructure was established to support data management and information flows inside the network. A web-based portal offers
general information to the public and internal documents, data and software tools to the project community. A catalog service
allows the overview of existing but distributed data scombined with flexible data retrieval. Based on internet technology
and global standards these concepts contribute to a superior information infrastructure and finally substantiate to the development
of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). SDIs aim is to improve availability and usability of spatial data for the manifold
application areas. Disaster management is one field depending on a very high level on high-quality data equipment, and on
a working SDI. 相似文献
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地质数据本体构建及其在数据检索中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对传统以关键词、主题词等字符串匹配为核心的地质数据检索方法存在的查不全、查不准的问题,给出了基于地质数据本体的语义级检索解决方案。通过对地质数据的概念、属性、关系、规则及相应实例的详细表达,构建了地质数据本体(矿产资源预测部分),搭建数据检索系统并开展了应用实践。实验表明,引入地质数据本体后,检索结果在数据的查全率和查准率方面显著提高,并能智能推送相关联的数据信息。开发的地质大数据专题检索系统,实现了对局域网中多源异构地质数据的获取、半自动化标注和语义关联检索,满足地质大数据应用服务的需求,对于大数据时代背景下地质数据的精确发现、深层挖掘及共享有重要意义。 相似文献
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Cluster analysis can be used to group samples and to develop ideas about the multivariate geochemistry of the data set at hand. Due to the complex nature of regional geochemical data (neither normal nor log-normal, strongly skewed, often multi-modal data distributions, data closure), cluster analysis results often strongly depend on the preparation of the data (e.g. choice of the transformation) and on the clustering algorithm selected. Different variants of cluster analysis can lead to surprisingly different cluster centroids, cluster sizes and classifications even when using exactly the same input data. Cluster analysis should not be misused as a statistical “proof” of certain relationships in the data. The use of cluster analysis as an exploratory data analysis tool requires a powerful program system to test different data preparation, processing and clustering methods, including the ability to present the results in a number of easy to grasp graphics. Such a tool has been developed as a package for the R statistical software. Two example data sets from geochemistry are used to demonstrate how the results change with different data preparation and clustering methods. A data set from S-Norway with a known number of clusters and cluster membership is used to test the performance of different clustering and data preparation techniques. For a complex data set from the Kola Peninsula, cluster analysis is applied to explore regional data structures. 相似文献
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Developing a Geological Management Information System： National Important Mining Zone Database 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
INTRODUCTIONGeographic information systems (GIS) is a newtechnology of storing and processing spatial informa-tion , which can combine graphics with many types ofdatabase .It can also exhibit accurate and real spaceinformation with charts and texts according to actualneed ,and canintegrate geographic locations and cor-related data attributes as an organic whole .Geoscien-tists have shown GIS to be a very useful tool in theanalysis of geoscience problems (Zhao et al .,2004 ;Singer ,1993… 相似文献
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澳大利亚南极科学数据管理综述 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
系统概述了澳大利亚国家南极数据政策、组织机构、管理模式、实施策略与未来发展所面临的问题。在此基础上分析澳大利亚南极数据工作的发展与实效,并回顾了中国的极地数据管理工作,初步表明建立一个有效的组织框架是顺利开展数据管理与共享工作的基础,完全基于Web的数据管理与服务对科学项目的管理与研究成果的产出具有较大的促进作用。同时可以看出,国家层面的数据管理工作首先必须有明确的国家数据政策作引导;需要建立各种相应的数据标准与规范以及基于Web的数据管理、共享与服务平台;当然更离不开一支进行数据管理、服务与技术支持的专业队伍,并通过工作绩效评价系统对各个环节进行评价和考核。其中,为数据（集）编写完整、准确的元数据始终是数据管理中最重要的基础工作。 相似文献
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浅谈地质资料集群化产业化上海模式在湖北黄石市的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地质资料是地质工作形成的重要基础信息源,是国民经济和社会发展的重要信息支撑。但是,地质资料的分散保管、各自利用的现状难以满足国民经济发展对地质资料信息共享服务的需求。上海市地质资料汇交机制具有以下特点:(1)将城市勘察地质资料纳入了地质资料汇交管理主流程,从机制和制度上保证了城市勘察地质资料的正常汇交;(2)建立了城市地质建模和三维可视化方法;(3)建立了地质资料信息共享机制;(4)建立了地质资料信息服务机制,上海市地质调查院以地质需求为导向,加强地质资料集群和深度开发服务。同上海市相比,黄石市地质资料信息服务集群化具有独自特点:将地质数据分为11类,计100多个数据类型;建立了矿业城市和地级市地质资料信息服务集群化技术路线、技术方法和标准体系,在城市地质模型的基础上,建立了矿业城市矿政管理与服务模型;对地质资料进行了分步集群化,即地质资料目录收集齐全→地质资料收集、汇交齐全→建全试点数据库→建好地质三维模型→地质资料、数据、图形、模型的管理和分析评价;建立了黄石市地质资料管理服务系统,还有待完善。黄石市地质资料管理服务系统的建立及地质资料信息服务集群化技术方法,对全国矿业城市和地级市城市地质资料信息服务集群化产业化工作的开展具有示范作用。 相似文献
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科学数据是科技创新的基础,也是人类宝贵的科技信息资源。兼顾保护数据知识产权和推动数据广泛共享是科学数据界长期存在的难题。数据出版（元数据、实体数据、数据论文关联出版）是解决这个难题的有效机制。“全球地质数据出版系统”（中英文）将实现元数据、实体数据、数据论文关联一体出版,通过互联网实现科学传播和公益性共享机制,在保护数据知识产权和促进数据共享方面起着重要作用。该系统将推动全世界地质学家共享科学数据,为地质领域科技创新提供数据基础。本文基于数据出版的概念,全面介绍了全球地质数据出版,并探讨其数据共享的意义价值。 相似文献
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Current advances in computer hardware, information technology and data collection techniques have produced very large data
sets in a wide variety of scientific and engineering disciplines. We must harness this opportunity to visualize and extract
useful information from geophysical and geological data. We have taken the task of data mining by implementing a map-like
approach over a web server for interrogating the data, using a client-server paradigm. The spatial-data is mapped onto a two-dimensional
grid from which the user (client) can quiz the data with the map-interface as a user extension. The data is stored on the
server, while the computational gateway separating the client and the server can be the front-end of an electronic publication,
electronic classroom, a survey, or an e-business. We have used a combination of Java, Java3D, and Perl for processing the
data and communicating between the client and the server. The user can interrogate the geospatial data over any particular
region with arbitrary dimensions and then receive back relevant statistical analysis, such as the histogram plots and local
statistics. We have applied this method for the following data sets: (1.) distribution of prime numbers (2.) two-dimensional
mantle convection (3.) three-dimensional mantle convection (4.) high-resolution satellite reflectance data over multiple wavelengths
(5.) molecular dynamics describing the flow of blood in narrow vessels. Using the map-interface, one can actually interrogate
this data over the Internet. 相似文献
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基于数据中心的国土资源信息系统基础平台的构建及技术问题 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
国土资源信息化建设是我国今后几年的工作重点.国土资源信息化的基础是国土信息的集成.在国土信息集成的工作中, 主要存在3个方面的问题: (1) 不同GIS间的数据无法共享; (2) 不同种类的国土数据无法集成; (3) 不同行政级别单位间数据无法共享.不同GIS的数据共享可以通过在GIS的ODBC层和数据库之间加一层GIS格式转换层来解决; 将不同种类的国土数据划分成不同的图层, 以空间控制点方式对这些图层进行叠合, 以使它们在空间关系上成为一个比较一致的统一系统; 借鉴数据仓库的管理模式, 不同的行政单位对应于不同的比例尺的数据, 高级别单位数据的综合度高, 存放的数据少, 低级别单位数据的细节性强, 存放的数据多, 整体上呈现出金字塔结构, 金字塔中不同层次的数据通过空间控制点进行传送.国土信息集成的目的是构筑一个国土信息系统的基础平台.国土资源信息系统基础平台是一个基于数据中心的、能统一管理信息的、支持现有流行GIS访问的、能与上下级数据中心无缝互连的国土资源基础设施系统.它处于整个国土信息系统的底层, 目的是向上层的信息系统提供一个能满足各种格式的数据需求的、而与具体的信息系统无关的独立的数据平台. 相似文献
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Consolidating measurement data for use by data models or in inter-comparison studies frequently requires transforming the data onto a common grid. Standard methods for interpolating multidimensional data are often not appropriate for data with non-homogenous dimensionality, and are hard to implement in a consistent manner for different datastreams. These challenges are increased when dealing with the automated procedures necessary for use with continuous, operational datastreams. In this paper we introduce a method of applying a series of one-dimensional transformations to merge data onto a common grid, examine the challenges of ensuring consistent application of data consolidation methods, present a framework for addressing those challenges, and describe the implementation of such a framework for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. 相似文献
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We describe a framework designed to simplify the acquisition and integration of data from multiple, diversely formatted, geographically distributed science data sets. Our domain is Heliophysics where measurements of magnetic fields, plasmas, and charged particles are often made in-situ, with the data made available in relatively low volume data sets consisting of time series tables. Data format diversity has proven to be a significant barrier to the type of integrated, multi-mission analysis that is now very important in Heliophysics. Therefore we have developed a Java framework capable of reading, interpreting, and providing uniform access to the science content of any distributed time series data set. The framework exposes data only through fully abstract interfaces that represent data content while hiding all access details such as file format, data file granularity and access protocols. Furthermore, specialized interfaces for representing measurement-specific details are also employed, so that our framework enables data sets to be recast into scientifically interoperable representations. The context of our efforts is an increasingly distributed Heliophysics data environment that employs a collection of discipline-specific Virtual Observatories (VOs), each providing data search and retrieval services for one Heliophysics sub-discipline. Our framework is bundled in a library that ultimately will serve as a universal reader for Heliophysics data, solving the formats problem and serving as key infrastructure for advanced, science-sensitive data manipulation services. 相似文献