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1.
晋南临汾-运城盆地土壤氟含量及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
通过对临汾-运城盆地表层土壤F含量的空间变化规律和影响因素的研究,发现土壤平均含F量为520mg/kg,高于全国土壤背景值。表层土壤中F的空间分布不均匀,呈现出由盆地四周向盆地中心递增的趋势。研究表明,土壤F含量的分布主要受控于粉粒和有机质等土壤理化性质、元素间的相互作用、F的吸附特性等因素,人为因素对其也有一定影响。有机质和粉粒等土壤理化性质对土壤F含量的影响较大,说明研究区土壤F含量与F的特殊化学性质和母岩类型有关。因子分析发现,研究区表层土壤F的分布可能受自然地质作用和人为作用2种因素的影响,N、Cd、Se、Cu、Zn、Mo可能代表了F的原始共生元素;土壤F的含量随Mo、Zn、Fe、Mg等元素含量的增加而增加,可能与Fe3 离子在土壤中的吸附作用有关;而F-与OH-的配位置换作用可能是造成土壤中F-吸附的主导因素。 相似文献
2.
土壤中不同形态重金属及其转化的影响因素研究对于了解重金属的地球化学行为具有重要意义。以山东烟台金矿区及城镇周边典型土壤为例,探讨了土壤中不同形态重金属与土壤有机质、黏粒、磁化率和pH值的关系及其生态危害性。结果表明:土壤中大多数重金属以残渣态和铁锰氧化态存在,而Cd以离子交换态为主;土壤酸化可使Ni、Zn、Cd、Hg的活动态含量增加;对于Pb污染严重的土壤,使土壤pH维持在中碱性环境,可以降低Pb危害;防止土壤盐碱化是消除土壤As污染的有效措施;土壤有机质含量增加可明显降低Pb、Hg、Ni等活动态含量,随黏粒含量增加,Pb、Zn等离子交换态含量占总量的比例略有减小;土壤磁化率对了解土壤酸化的状况和土壤污染程度有较好的指示作用。 相似文献
3.
土壤中重金属元素Pb、Cd地球化学行为影响因素研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
通过研究湖南洞庭湖地区水稻土中Pb、Cd与土壤有机质、粘粒和pH值的关系,结果表明,(1)土壤中有机质含量与Cd、Pb有着显著的正相关性,土壤中有机质含量增加可明显降低Cd和Pb的离子态和可交换态含量。(2)随着粘粒含量增加,Pb和Cd离子可交换态占全量的比值略有增加,这说明粘粒表面吸附的Pb和Cd容易进入植物体中,对生态系统安全具有危害的组分。(3)Cd离子交换态与土壤pH值呈显著相关关系,土壤酸化使Cd的离子交换态比例上升,可直接导致农作物中Cd含量增加,防止土壤酸化是控制Cd对生态系统危害的有效途径;Pb的离子交换态与全量的比值与pH值具有显著的相关性,对于Pb污染严重的土壤,保持土壤pH值在弱酸性至弱碱性范围,防止土壤酸化和盐碱化,可以降低Pb危害。土壤有机质含量、pH值等是控制重金属元素地球化学行为的重要因素之一。 相似文献
4.
锗(Ge)是一种生命所必需的微量元素,对人体具有广泛的保健功效。富Ge土壤具有广阔的开发利用价值,但目前我国对土壤Ge的研究程度相对较低。选择南京市溧水区为研究区,在土地质量地球化学调查的基础上,对研究区表层土壤Ge的含量及空间分布特征进行研究,分析地质背景对土壤Ge分布的影响。结果表明,南京市溧水区表层土壤Ge平均含量为1.40 mg/kg,土壤Ge含量主要受控于地质背景,空间分布也与地质背景高度吻合。土壤Ge含量高值区主要为侏罗系大王山组出露区,岩性主要以粗安质、安山质火山岩为主,第四系沉积物分布区土壤Ge含量相对较低。土壤中Ge含量与pH值关系不显著,与土壤中有机质含量呈一定的负相关关系,与Cr、Co、Ni、As呈明显的正相关关系。土地质量地球化学评价结果表明研究区土壤Ge丰富的面积为84.18 km2,占全区总面积的10.84%,全区基本没有Ge缺乏的地区。研究探讨了南京市溧水区表层土壤锗含量、空间分布特征及其影响因素等,可为我国土壤锗的生态地球化学研究提供基础资料,对于富锗土壤资源的科学开发利用具有指导意义。 相似文献
5.
海南岛农田土壤Se的地球化学特征 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
Se是人和动物必需的微量元素之一,具有广阔的开发应用前景,研究土壤中Se的地球化学分布规律和生物有效性控制因素意义重大。系统总结了海南岛27 426 km2范围内土壤Se的含量特征和影响因素。结果表明,研究区69.98%土地面积为足硒和富硒土壤,表层土壤Se含量在一定程度上继承了成土母岩(或深层土壤)Se含量,但不同成土母岩形成的表层土壤Se含量富集贫化趋势不同。进一步研究显示,土壤中Se含量与有机碳、Al2O3、TFe2O3、Mn和CIA等具有显著的正相关关系,说明土壤中粘土矿物、有机碳、铁锰氧化物及风化淋溶程度对Se的地球化学行为有重要影响,同时这些指标又是影响土壤Se生物有效性的重要参数。土壤有机碳、粘粒、CEC等含量或指标越高,Se的生物有效性越低。研究区土壤pH6.5时,土壤Se含量较低;土壤pH6.5时,土壤Se含量随pH下降而增加;当土壤pH为5.5～7.5时,土壤Se生物有效性相对较高。因此,开发富硒农产品不但要依据土壤总Se含量,还必须考虑土壤pH、TOC、CEC、粘粒等指标含量。 相似文献
6.
湖州市土壤磁化率与重金属元素分布规律及其相关性研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
通过对84个地表土样、17个剖面土样和11个基岩样的磁参数与化学分析测试,对湖州市进行了土壤磁化率与重金属元素分布规律、成因及两者的相关性研究.结果表明:表层土壤磁化率高值异常区与土壤重金属元素高值分布区吻合程度非常高,剖面土壤磁化率值与重金属元素含量总体上均呈向下递减的相同特点;表层土壤磁化率与重金属元素高值异常均系人类经济工程活动影响所致,主要与当地城镇生活垃圾随意堆放、垃圾施肥、工业粉尘、废气、废物和污水排放、农药和化肥的过量使用等有关;表层土壤磁化率值与重金属元素Cd、Hg、Pb、As和Cr含量之间在不同环境条件下相关性有着明显的差异.在旱地土壤中磁化率与重金属元素Hg、Pb高度相关,与Cd、As和Cr不相关;在水田土壤中磁化率与重金属元素Pb、As高度相关,与Cd显著相关,而与Hg、Cr不相关. 相似文献
7.
为查明浙西常山地区稻谷锗含量及土壤锗生物有效性,采集了研究区86组水稻及对应的根系土壤样品,测试了土壤的Se、Ge、有机质、pH值及As等重金属含量和稻谷Se、Ge及As等重金属含量,研究了水稻锗含量及锗元素生物吸收系数的影响因素。结果表明,研究区水稻根系土壤锗含量平均值为1.53×10~(-6),稻谷中锗元素平均含量仅为25.37×10~(-9),稻谷中Ge含量变化较大。研究区水稻锗元素生物吸收系数为0.64%～3.78%,平均值为1.68%,表明大田条件下土壤锗较难在稻谷中富集。相关分析显示,稻谷锗含量与根系土壤pH值、有机质含量无相关性;水稻对锗的吸收能力与土壤p H显著正相关(P<0.01),而与土壤有机质含量无相关性。 相似文献
8.
硒作为人体健康生长必需微量元素,由于其显著的抗癌作用,开始受到越来越多人的关注,并因此产生了很大的经济效益。土壤中含硒量不足或过多以及存在的形态,直接影响到植物的生长状况和含硒量,又进一步通过食物链而影响人、畜的健康,因此研究土壤剖面中硒的迁移转化具有重要意义。笔者在四川省成都经济区按照不同的土壤类型采集了4条土壤剖面PM2、PM8、PM9、PM11,测试了土壤中全量硒和有效硒的含量,并通过土壤溶液的培养分别获得了土壤溶液及残渣土壤中全量硒、有效硒的含量,由此计算了土壤溶液中硒的分配系数(Ki=Ci残渣土壤/Ci土壤溶液)。结果显示,全量硒和有效硒含量在剖面的表层明显富集;有效硒含量与土壤全量硒呈显著的正相关关系,与土壤有机质含量呈正相关关系;不同类型土壤中硒的分配系数在剖面中均呈现出由深层到表层逐渐富集的规律,且与土壤中pH值和有机质含量呈现正相关关系。研究表明,不同类型土壤中Se向植物中的迁移转化主要受Se全量、土壤pH值、有机质及土壤粘粒影响,且Se随土壤溶液在垂向上的迁移不明显。 相似文献
9.
对浙江临安东部地区表层土壤进行地质调查,发现了大面积富硒土壤,并总结了表层土壤硒的分布特征及影响因素。研究区表层土壤硒含量平均值为0.38×10-6;不同土壤类型硒含量差异较大,其中黄壤硒含量最高,平均值为0.58×10-6。概率累积曲线表明,土壤硒主要来源于自然背景,受外源输入组分影响较小。土壤硒含量与V、Mo、Ni、Cr含量呈显著正相关,与有机质关系密切,与pH值相关性较好。荷塘组碳质页岩、硅质岩和宁国组碳质页岩是该区富硒土壤的主要来源。 相似文献
10.
磁化率对土壤重金属污染的指示性研究——以沈阳新城子区为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对399件表层土壤磁化率参数与化学组成的分析测试,较系统地总结了沈阳新城子区土壤磁化率特征,并初步进行了磁化率对土壤重金属污染的指示研究。结果表明:(1)不同土壤类型中磁化率差异较大,棕壤中由于人为作用较大,其均值最高。不同堆积类型中磁化率差别较大,洪积物和残坡积物中平均值最高,冲积物中最低。不同农作物对元素的需求不一样导致磁化率的含量变化范围存在着区别。(2)土壤的磁化率与土壤中Cd、Pb、Hg、Cu、Zn等重金属元素含量呈显著正相关,且与土壤pH值呈显著负相关关系,能反映出土壤酸化的状况,对土壤污染程度有较好的指示性。(3)利用磁化率可以快捷地划分污染区。 相似文献
11.
H. Anawar K. Komaki J. Akai J. Takada T. Ishizuka T. Takahashi T. Yoshioka K. Kato 《Environmental Geology》2002,41(7):816-825
A stratigraphic profile of solid phase As was measured to investigate the diagenetic cycling of arsenic and related elements in fluvial sediments of the Meghna River delta plain. The distributions of Fe, Mn, and Al are typically characterized by surficial solid phase enrichment, and As is distributed down to 36.6 m showing similar alternate layers of maxima and minima with Fe, Mn and TOC, which reflects the diagenetic remobilization and periodical differences in source materials of As. Lithological characteristics and geochemical data suggest that elevated levels of As are found in organic-matter-rich clay and silty sand rather than sand samples, with occasionally enriched As content in iron-oxyhydroxide-coated sand grains. Arsenic demonstrates a positive and significant co-variation with total organic carbon in sediments, which suggests the important role of particulate and colloidal organic matter and biological activity in controlling the distribution of arsenic in the Bengal delta. However, the concentrations of Fe and Mn weakly correlate with As contents, whereas Al contents show no relationship with As. The results of this study suggest that reactive oxides or hydroxides of Fe and Mn, rather than Fe and Mn with other minerals, might control arsenic distribution. 相似文献
12.
南京周边地区开展多目标地球化学调查获取了“双层土壤”各元素的含量,表层土壤的元素含量与其深层土壤元素含量之比值即称之为土壤中该元素的人为话动环境富集系数(简称环境富集系数),笔者介绍了有关环境富集系数的计算方法。通过对比研究区各元素环境富集系数分布特征,发现本区表层土壤中Si、Ti、La、Ce、Y、Sc、Zr、Th、U、W等元素与其自然土壤环境的含量相近,S、N、P、Hg、Pb、Cl、Br、Se等元素及有机碳呈现了显著的人为环境富集,I、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ca、Al、K等元素出现了地表贫化。最后探讨了深入开展土壤中元素环境富集系数研究的相关问题,并提出了建议。 相似文献
13.
B.P. Wen A. Aydin N.S. Duzgoren-Aydin Y.R. Li H.Y. Chen S.D. Xiao 《Engineering Geology》2007,93(3-4):82-98
Slip zones of the large landslides in the Three Gorges area are commonly composed of fine-grained soils with substantial amount of coarse-grained particles, particularly gravel-sized particles. In this study, residual strength of the soils from slip zones of these landslides were examined in relation to their index properties based on a survey of 170 landslides. It was found that laboratory-determined residual friction angle using gravel-free fraction of the disturbed soils from the slip zones was closely related to clay content, liquid limit and plasticity index. On the other hand, in-situ residual friction angle of these soils (i.e. including gravel fraction) showed very weak correlations with clay content and Atterberg limits, but was largely dependent on gravel and fines (clays + silts) contents, increasing with gravels and decreasing with fines, and displayed strong linear correlation with the ratio of gravel to fines contents. These observations indicate that among the index properties, clay content and Atterberg limits can be used to estimate residual strength of the soils finer than 2 mm, but they are not appropriate evaluate the residual strength of the soils containing considerable amount of gravel-sized particles. For the latter, particle size distribution (particularly the ratio of gravel to fines contents) appears to be a useful index. Additionally, it was found that there was no identifiable correlation between relative abundance of individual major clay minerals and residual friction angles of both gravel-free fraction of disturbed and in-situ soils, suggesting that influence of clay minerals on residual strength of these soils can not be simply evaluated based on their abundance. 相似文献
14.
As a result of over-erosion of soils, the fine particles, which contain the majority of nutrients, are easily washed away from soils, which become deficient in a host of components, accumulating in lakes. On one hand, the accumulation of nutrients-rich sediments are a problem, as they affect the quality of the overlying water and decrease the water storage capacity of the system; on the other hand, sediments may constitute an important resource, as they are often extremely rich in organic and inorganic nutrients in readily available forms. In the framework of an extensive work on the use of rock related materials to enhance the fertility of impoverish soils, this study aimed to evaluate the role on the nutrients cycle, of particles recycling processes from the watershed to the bottom of a large dam reservoir, at a wet tropical region under high weathering conditions. The study focus on the mineralogical transformations that clay particles undergo from the soils of the drainage basin to their final deposition within the reservoir and their influence in terms of the geochemical characteristics of sediments. We studied the bottom sediments that accumulate in two distinct seasonal periods in Tucuruí reservoir, located in the Amazonian Basin, Brazil, and soils from its drainage basin. The surface layers of sediments in twenty sampling points with variable depths, are representative of the different morphological sections of the reservoir. Nineteen soil samples, representing the main soil classes, were collected near the margins of the reservoir. Sediments and soils were subjected to the same array of physical, mineralogical and geochemical analyses: (1) texture, (2) characterization and semi-quantification of the clay fraction mineralogy and (3) geochemical analysis of the total concentration of major elements, organic compounds (organic C and nitrogen), soluble fractions of nutrients (P and K), exchangeable fractions (cation exchange capacity, exchangeable bases and acidity) and pH(H2O).There is a remarkable homogeneity in the sedimentary distribution along the reservoir in terms of the texture and mineralogy of the clay fraction and of the chemistry of the total, soluble and exchangeable phases. These observations contrast with the physical, morphological and chemical heterogeneity of the soils and the setting lithology. Most of the sediments has a higher contribution of fine-grained material and the mineralogy of the clay fraction is dominated by kaolinite in soils and kaolinite and illite in sediments, followed by lesser amounts of gibbsite, goethite, and metahaloisite and by small/vestigial contents of chlorite and smectite. The sediments are mainly inherited from the watershed but there exist marked differences between the accumulated sediments and their parent materials. These differences mainly come from the selective erosion of fine-grained particles and the extreme climatic conditions which enhance complex transformations of mineralogical and chemical nature. Compared with the parental soils, the reservoir sediments show the following differences: (1) enrichment in fine-grained and less dense inorganic particles, (2) aggradative mineralogical transformations, including enrichment in clay minerals with higher cationic adsorption and exchange capacity, (3) degradation of the crystalline structure of Fe- and Al-oxides (goethite, gibbsite), (4) increase in easily leached elements (Mg, Ca, P, K, Na) and decrease in chemically less mobile elements (Si, Fe) and (5) higher contents of organic carbon, nitrogen, and soluble forms of P and K, mainly concentrated in the clay fraction. These transformations are extremely important in the nutrients cycle, denoting that sediments represent an efficient sink for nutrients from the over-erosion of soils. Mineral and organic compounds can permanently or temporarily sequester these nutrients, recycling them and enhancing their availability through the slow release of components from relatively loose crystal structures. These processes can easily explain the enrichment in soluble and exchangeable forms of elements such as P, K, Ca or Mg. This study conclude that the particles recycling in a large tropical dam reservoir which receives high fluxes of allochthonous nutrients, has an important role in the good quality of sediments for agricultural use and in the profitable use of this technology to recover depleted soils in remediation projects in regions near large hydroelectric plants. 相似文献
15.
M. Knab V. Hoffmann E. Petrovský A. Kapička N. Jordanova E. Appel 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(4):527-535
Measuring magnetic susceptibility is a method which is used to estimate the amount of magnetic particles in soils, sediments
or dusts. Changes in magnetic susceptibility can be due to various reasons: input from different sources of sediments, e.g.
from different soils or rocks, atmospheric fallout of anthropogenic dusts containing magnetic particles produced by fossil
fuel combustion, steel production or road traffic. In the case of river sediments, input from the catchment is of primary
significance. The main aim of this investigation was to test the potential of magnetic susceptibility screening in identifying
the effect and significance of anthropogenic activities in an area with complex geological conditions. We investigated the
magnetic susceptibility of riverbed sediments of the largest river of the Czech Republic, the Moldau river. Besides that,
the magnetic signal of nearby topsoils as well as of outcropping bedrocks in the vicinity of the river was examined. In the
upper 300 km of the river, the magnetic enhancement of the river sediments can be linked to anthropogenic activities. Positive
correlations were found in the river sediments between the contents of Cu and Zn and magnetic susceptibility, while Fe, Mn
and Ni did not show a correlation with magnetic susceptibility. However, the major geogenic magnetic anomaly in the area around
the Slapy dam has made it impossible to unambiguously interpret the magnetic signal in terms of anthropogenic impact in the
last 80 km downstream. 相似文献
16.
Xianjun Xie Yanxin Wang Junxia Li Ya Wu Mengyu Duan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3455-3464
This study describes the geochemistry of the topsoils from an arsenic (As)-affected area of the Datong Basin and identifies the possible sources and the enrichment mechanisms of As in groundwater. A total of 122 soil samples were collected from the study area. Analytical results indicate that soil As is higher than the average value of the Shanxi province topsoils. Fertilizer application and weathering of the bedrock both contributed to the presence of elements, including As, in the soil of the area. Furthermore, these elements may be strongly bound to Fe and Mn oxides/hydroxides. In addition, the depletion of K indicates that this element is readily leached into the groundwater rather than being retained in the soils. A groundwater area with high As levels corresponding spatially to soil samples with no As accumulation clearly shows the effects of irrigation or salt flushing on the soil compositions. Arsenic can be mobilized under reducing condition due to organic matter input or changes in redox conditions induced by irrigation or salt flushing and can be transported with vertically recharged water into shallow, unconfined aquifers, thus elevating the As concentration in groundwater. 相似文献
17.
长沙、株洲、湘潭三市土壤中重金属元素的来源 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
为追踪长沙、株洲、湘潭3个城市表层土壤中Cd、As、Pb等重金属元素的来源,分析了土壤、基岩、大气干湿沉降、水、悬浮物等介质之间重金属元素的质量平衡和土壤自身重金属元素含量随时间变化的特点。结果显示,除As外,区内基岩中的重金属元素含量低于克拉克值;残积物中Cd相对基岩贫化,As、Pb、Cu、Hg等重金属元素相对基岩的富集小于3倍;大气干湿沉降重金属元素相对土壤富集了数倍至数十倍;湘江水体主要向沿江潮土提供As、Cd物源:近50年内土壤重金属元素有较高的增加速率。不同介质间重金属元素的质量变化特点支持长沙、株洲、湘潭三市土壤重金属元素富集的主要物源为大气沉降,地表水及悬浮物是沿江湖土重金属元素的主要物源,基岩对土壤提供的物源有限的结论。 相似文献
18.
P. C. S. Carvalho A. M. R. Neiva M. M. V. G. Silva 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(4):1215-1230
The main purpose of this study is to assess arsenic and antimony availability in soils, as well as Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni,
Pb and Zn availability in soils derived from the schist–metagraywacke complex close to old Sb–Au mines and in soils developed
from Ordovician slates and close to an old As–Au mine in Portugal. The availability was determined using a European certified
sequential extraction procedure (BCR). The results demonstrated that metalloids are not readily bioavailable, because they
are mainly associated with the residual fraction. Arsenic and antimony proportions in exchangeable fractions are up to 3 and
1%, respectively. However, arsenic is up to 24% in oxy-hydroxide fractions, while antimony is up to 4% in them, demonstrating
the highest bioavailability of arsenic compared to that of antimony, as metalloids are weakly bound to the soils in that fraction.
Therefore, arsenic tends to be more toxic than antimony in all soils studied. However, the pseudo-total contents show that
both metalloids are above the Italian and Dutch guidelines. Therefore, if physico-chemical changes occur arsenic and antimony
will show higher potential environmental risk than evidenced by Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. 相似文献
19.
Delu Li Rongxi Li Zengwu Zhu Xiaoli Wu Futian Liu Bangsheng Zhao Jinghua Cheng Baoping Wang 《中国地球化学学报》2018,37(1):134-150
Using trace elements to reconstruct paleoenvironment is a current hot topic in geochemistry. Through analytical tests of oil yield, ash yield, calorific value, total sulfur, major elements, trace elements, and X-ray diffraction, the quality, mineral content, occurrence mode of elements, and paleoenvironment of the Zhangjiatan oil shale of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin were studied. The analyses revealed relatively high oil yield (average 6.63%) and medium quality. The mineral content in the oil shale was mainly clay minerals, quartz, feldspar, and pyrite; an illite–smectite mixed layer comprised the major proportion of clay minerals. Compared with marine oil shale in China, the Zhangjiatan oil shale had higher contents of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals, and lower calcite content. Silica was mainly in quartz and Fe was associated with organic matter, which is different from marine oil shale. The form of calcium varied. Cluster analyses indicated that Fe, Cu, U, V, Zn, As, Cs, Cd, Mo, Ga, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Sc, P, and Mn are associated with organic matter while Ca, Na, Sr, Ba, Si, Zr, K, Al, B, Mg, and Ti are mostly terrigenous. Sr/Cu, Ba/Al, V/(V + Ni), U/Th, AU, and δU of oil shale samples suggest the paleoclimate was warm and humid, paleoproductivity of the lake was relatively high during deposition of the shale—which mainly occurred in fresh water—and the paleo-redox condition was dominated by reducing conditions. Fe/Ti ratios of the oil shale samples suggest clear hydrothermal influence in the eastern portion of the study area and less conspicuous hydrothermal influence in the western portion. 相似文献