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1.
湖州市土壤磁化率与重金属元素分布规律及其相关性研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
通过对84个地表土样、17个剖面土样和11个基岩样的磁参数与化学分析测试,对湖州市进行了土壤磁化率与重金属元素分布规律、成因及两者的相关性研究.结果表明:表层土壤磁化率高值异常区与土壤重金属元素高值分布区吻合程度非常高,剖面土壤磁化率值与重金属元素含量总体上均呈向下递减的相同特点;表层土壤磁化率与重金属元素高值异常均系人类经济工程活动影响所致,主要与当地城镇生活垃圾随意堆放、垃圾施肥、工业粉尘、废气、废物和污水排放、农药和化肥的过量使用等有关;表层土壤磁化率值与重金属元素Cd、Hg、Pb、As和Cr含量之间在不同环境条件下相关性有着明显的差异.在旱地土壤中磁化率与重金属元素Hg、Pb高度相关,与Cd、As和Cr不相关;在水田土壤中磁化率与重金属元素Pb、As高度相关,与Cd显著相关,而与Hg、Cr不相关. 相似文献
2.
武汉市东湖周边近地表土壤磁化率特征及其环境意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
测量了武汉市东湖周边3个采样区60个土壤样品的磁化率及24个代表样品的重金属元素质量分数,对土壤磁化率和重金属元素质量分数进行了相关分析与聚类分析,探讨应用土壤磁化率参量及测量技术对大范围区域污染环境评价的指示意义.结果表明,土壤磁化率与重金属元素Ca、Cu、Pb、Sr、Zn质量分数显著相关,相关系数分别高达0.930,0.836,0.864,0.879和 0.879;重金属元素Ba、Cr、Fe、Mg、Mn质量分数与磁化率中度-弱相关,相关系数分别为0.447,0.303,0.557,0.528,0.333.聚类分析结果表明,不同采样区地表土壤的污染源之间存在一定差异.这些结果为应用土壤磁化率(尤其是原位磁化率)测量技术在该区进行大尺度和高精度环境评价提供了基础. 相似文献
3.
4.
通过对四川省沐川县北部土地质量地球化学调查,查明了工作区土壤Se的地球化学特征,并对其成因进行了初步研究。结果表明,工作区土壤Se含量范围为0.06×10-6~1.49×10-6,平均值为0.41×10-6,主要以富硒土壤为主,满足富硒土壤条件的土壤面积占工作区总面积的60%。不同成土母岩中土壤Se含量差异较大,趋于表层富集,成土母岩为香溪群的土壤中Se含量较高,且重金属含量低;不同土地利用类型中,林地土壤Se含量最高;不同土壤类型中Se含量差异较小。相关分析表明,土壤Se含量与有机质、Pb、As、Cd等呈显著正相关,不同成土母岩对Se含量与pH值的相关性影响较大,表明成土母岩、有机质、重金属元素是影响该区土壤中Se含量的主要因素。 相似文献
5.
山东安丘地区土壤-小麦系统重金属等元素间的相互作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《现代地质》2020,(5)
为了研究土壤-小麦系统重金属等元素间的相互作用,通过相关分析,探讨了安丘地区40件小麦籽实及其根系土中重金属元素间的相互关系。研究发现:(1)小麦籽实Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Ni、Cu、Zn富集系数与土壤pH、CEC、黏粒含量呈负相关,Cr富集系数与pH呈正相关;(2)小麦籽实重金属等元素富集系数间多数呈正相关;(3)小麦籽实Pb、Cu含量分别与土壤As、Pb含量呈正相关,籽实Cu、Zn含量分别与土壤Cd、Pb含量呈正相关。籽实除Cr含量与土壤Mg含量呈显著正相关外,籽实中其他重金属元素含量与土壤元素Ca、Mg含量关系不显著。小麦籽实中Cd、Pb、As等重金属元素含量与土壤中Mn、Mo、F等微量元素含量少数呈显著-极显著正相关;(4)小麦籽实中Cd、Hg、Pb、As等重金属元素含量与籽实中Ca、Mg、Mn、Mo等其他元素含量之间多数呈显著正相关。这些研究结果表明,土壤-小麦系统重金属元素之间、重金属元素与其他元素之间存在协同或拮抗作用,但具体机制尚需要进一步研究。 相似文献
6.
以济南市区及郊区农田土壤为对象,研究土壤中重金属污染的特征,结果表明,土壤重金属污染不仅引起了生态环境的恶化,而且影响土壤生物多样性,降低了土壤活性。济南市土壤动物各类群的数量与土壤重金属元素含量的相关性统计结果显示:土壤原生动物数量与Co、Ni含量呈明显负相关;土壤线虫数量与Cu、Mo含量呈显著负相关;旱生土壤动物数量与Cu含量呈显著负相关;说明重金属元素对土壤动物多样性具有不利影响,土壤线虫是耐污种类,旱生动物多为不耐污种类,土壤线虫与旱生动物密度之比可以作为土壤重金属污染程度的生物学指标。通过对土壤地球化学元素含量与土壤生物学参数的相关性分析,找到了重金属的敏感生物指标:Pb污染的生物学指标为土壤线虫;As污染的生物学指标是真菌PLFA含量等,用土壤生物作为敏感、快速的重金属污染生物毒性的指示物,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
7.
南京城市土壤某些元素的富集特征及其对浅层地下水的影响 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20
本研究以南京市的公园、校园绿地、道路绿地和郊区菜地等不同功能区的土壤为对象,对土壤的磷素和重金属以及一些土壤剖面点位的地下水组成进行了分析.研究发现城市土壤构成了区别于自然背景的某些元素(如磷和重金属)的地球化学垒,形成了明显的元素富集区域,其中磷素含量是背景土壤的数倍甚至十数倍,Pb含量也远高出背景土壤,60%以上样品达到中等污染程度以上.从磷素在剖面中的积累模式可以看出,城市土壤中磷含量最高的层次出现在表层以下的不同深度,说明土壤经历了不同的扰动过程,这意味着在城市发展过程中,土壤的性质遭受强烈的人为活动影响,元素在土壤中的分布形态可以指示不同的利用历史.质量改变后的土壤对地下水等环境产生影响,使地下水的组成发生改变,其中磷素含量直接受到土壤的影响,效区菜地地下水中硝态氮含量极高,而本研究尚未发现地下水中的重金属含量与土壤有显著相关. 相似文献
8.
宁沪高速公路句容段两侧土壤磁化率异常与重金属元素的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高速公路两侧土壤的磁化率从路中央向两侧具有逐渐降低的特征,相对应的样品中的重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、N i、Cr、Fe等元素的含量也具有从路中心向两侧逐渐降低的现象。相关分析表明,土壤磁化率与土壤中的Cu、Pb、Zn、N i、Cr、Fe的相关性显著,因而可以利用磁化率异常来指示高速公路两侧土壤的重金属污染状况。元素的赋存形态分析表明铁锰氧化物态与残渣态是Cu、Pb、Zn、N i、Cr、Fe的主要赋存形式;各元素的形态分析结果与土壤磁化率的相关统计分析表明,高速公路两侧土壤的磁化率与可交换态中的Cu、Pb、Zn、铁锰氧化物态中的Fe、Pb、Zn、有机还原态中的Cu、Cr、Fe、Zn和残渣态中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Co、N i具有明显的相关性。 相似文献
9.
盐酸提取条件下土壤重金属元素的释放特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用河南省黄淮海平原典型农田土壤样品,开展了不同浓度盐酸(1,0.1,0.001,0.000 01 mol/L)和振荡时间(2,24,48,96 h)的土壤重金属元素提取实验,分析了盐酸浓度和振荡时间等对土壤重金属元素释放的影响,探讨了不同提取条件下土壤重金属元素的释放效果及其影响因素。研究表明:土壤Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn和Pb采用1 mol/L盐酸振荡48 h时萃取率显著高于其他处理,其中Pb的萃取率最高,土壤As采用1 mol/L盐酸振荡2 h时萃取率最高,碱性土壤Cd采用0.1 mol/L盐酸振荡2 h时萃取率最高。在此基础上,根据1 mol/L盐酸振荡2 h的提取结果,采用统计分析方法分析了土壤重金属元素全量、理化性质以及土壤类型对土壤重金属元素释放的影响,结果表明:土壤Cr全量越高,Cr萃取率越高;土壤干密度越大,Pb萃取率越高;土壤pH值越低,土壤Ni萃取率越高,而土壤Pb正好相反;土壤有机质对重金属元素萃取率无统计上的显著影响;Cu、As、Pb在碱性土壤(黄河流域)萃取率相对较高,而Cr、Ni、Zn在酸性土壤(淮河流域)萃取率相对较高;土壤类型对重金属元素释放的影响表现为砂姜黑土Cr,水稻土Cu、Ni、Zn,潮土As、Pb的萃取率相对较高。 相似文献
10.
土壤中不同形态重金属及其转化的影响因素研究对于了解重金属的地球化学行为具有重要意义。以山东烟台金矿区及城镇周边典型土壤为例,探讨了土壤中不同形态重金属与土壤有机质、黏粒、磁化率和pH值的关系及其生态危害性。结果表明:土壤中大多数重金属以残渣态和铁锰氧化态存在,而Cd以离子交换态为主;土壤酸化可使Ni、Zn、Cd、Hg的活动态含量增加;对于Pb污染严重的土壤,使土壤pH维持在中碱性环境,可以降低Pb危害;防止土壤盐碱化是消除土壤As污染的有效措施;土壤有机质含量增加可明显降低Pb、Hg、Ni等活动态含量,随黏粒含量增加,Pb、Zn等离子交换态含量占总量的比例略有减小;土壤磁化率对了解土壤酸化的状况和土壤污染程度有较好的指示作用。 相似文献
11.
Two types of soil (fluvisols and anthrosols) were collected from different environmental settings (suburb and industrial area)
in Wuhan, central China, aiming to examine the applicability of magnetic mapping for heavy metal pollution of urban soil in
a large region. Magnetic measurements and chemical analysis indicated elevated magnetization and heavy metal concentrations
of topsoils in the industrial area. Magnetic susceptibility (χ), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and saturation
isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) of fluvisols are much higher than those of anthrosols, but contrary for frequency-dependent
susceptibility, indicating that soil magnetism strongly depends on the soil type/condition. Predominant magnetic carrier in
topsoils in industrial area is pseudo-single-domain/multi-domain magnetite. Environmental scanning electron microscope/energy
dispersive X-ray examination of the magnetic extracts from these topsoils revealed abundant spherical particles with diameters
of 10–50 μm that are rich in iron-oxides, and could be attributed to the nearby industrial activities (e.g., steel work and
power generation). Significant correlations were observed between magnetic concentration-related parameters (e.g., χ, ARM
and SIRM) and concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and Tomlinson pollution load index. These results proposed that magnetic proxy
mapping of soil pollution is an effective, fast and inexpensive tool for delineation of heavy metal pollution. However, interpretation
of magnetic properties for such a purpose must be done on a site-specific basis, taking into account the possibilities of
pedogenic enhancement/depletion under the specific soil conditions. 相似文献
12.
成都经济区土壤磁化率特征及其环境意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对54个根系土和14条土壤剖面土磁参数与化学组成的分析测试、以及根系土相对应的水稻籽实样品化学分析结果,较系统地总结了成都经济区土壤磁化率特征。结果表明：①土壤磁化率在数值上主要受成土母质控制;②在根系土壤样品中,根系土磁化率比其下层土壤磁化率有不同程度的增加;③不同类型土壤的磁化率均与土壤中Cd含量呈正相关,并对土壤污染程度有较好的指示性;④利用磁化率可以对土壤进行初步分类。 相似文献
13.
Heavy metal pollution and soil magnetic susceptibility in urban soil of Beni Mellal City (Morocco) 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Mohamed El Baghdadi Ahmed Barakat Mohamed Sajieddine Samir Nadem 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(1):141-155
The assessment of anthropogenic impact in the urban environment can be evaluated according to heavy metal contents of soils such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and Fe. These elements have more affinity to establish metallic bond with ferrous material leading to enhancement of soil magnetic susceptibility. The objective of this study was to undertake joint magnetic and geochemical investigations of road-side urban soil materials to address the environmental pollution of Beni Mellal city that has been subjected to environmental stress, due to population overpressure and related urbanization. Twenty three soils magnetic susceptibility profiles were made along 5 km peripheral national road (N8) in Beni Mellal. The magnetic survey reported here for the first time on this City’s topsoils tries to establish the link between magnetic properties and the content of heavy metals. High magnetic susceptibility values and high contents of heavy metals were found near the paved edge of the road and within the place reserved as large engine park. Magnetic extracts of highly polluted areas and unpolluted soil (olive plantation) were analyzed by SEM coupled with RDX in order to discriminate anthropogenic magnetic spherules and pedo-lithogenic magnetite-like minerals. Magnetic mineralogy determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy suggests the presence of hematite, magnetite and goethite in highly polluted areas. The iron oxides and especially goethite are efficient in incorporating and/or adsorbing foreign ions. 相似文献
14.
Field and dual magnetic susceptibility proxies for heavy metal pollution assessment in the urban soil of Al-Karak City, South Jordan 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A total of 115 urban soil samples collected on grid bases from Al-Karak, South Jordan, were investigated for their field and dual-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χ field, χ d) and heavy metal content using Bartington susceptibility meters and ICP-MS. The upper soils have higher magnetic susceptibility values than lower soils, and large particles contain more heavy metals and higher magnetic susceptibility than smaller particles. This might be attributed to the lack of pedogenesis due to arid climate influence. Within the upper soil all heavy metal showed positive significant correlation with upper soil low-frequency χ dlf. This was evident from the distribution maps produced by Surfer 9.0 for χ dlf and heavy metals. The results showed that higher χ dlf is associated with traffic-dominated sites more than other areas. The frequency-dependent susceptibility (χfd %) falls between 2 and 10 %, which indicate the presence of admixture of fine supermagnetic particles. Mildly correlation exists between χfd % and χ dlf, which implies that soils contain anthropogenic multi-domain grains. Selected samples have been analyzed for their mineral constituents; the results indicate the presence of magnetite as the main magnetic mineral. This confirms the anthropogenic source of pollution mainly from the vehicle-related materials. The results indicate the applicability of magnetic susceptibility for pollution detection. 相似文献
15.
Lynda Attoucheik Neli Jordanova Boualem Bayou France Lagroix Diana Jordanova Said Maouche Bernard Henry Abdelhak Boutaleb 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(7):298
Former zinc and lead mines that have been operating for half a century are located in the massif of Bou Caid (Tissemsilt, Algeria). Hazardous heavy metals emitted from the mines are abundant in the surrounding soil and cause strong metal pollution in the region. This paper investigates the extent of lead and zinc mine activity derived pollution by characterizing both magnetic and geochemical properties of samples collected in the vicinity of the mines. The results of the magnetic study show the coexistence of magnetic minerals such as magnetite, hematite and goethite. Analyses on surface soils and weathered rocks suggest that hematite and goethite have ore-related lithogenic origins. Magnetic susceptibility shows a positive correlation with lead content when present in low-to-medium concentrations (< ~500 mg/kg). At higher lead concentrations, there is no correlation with magnetic susceptibility. The relationship between magnetic susceptibility and zinc content is not straightforward. These observations are explained by the higher affinity of Pb to iron oxides at lower pollution levels and their preferential bonding to carbonates when Pb and Zn contents are extremely high, as demonstrated by Iavazzo et al. (J Geochem Explor 113:56–67, 2012) in a study of former Zn–Pb mine in Morocco. Based on the general features of the spatial maps of field-measured magnetic susceptibility, mass-specific magnetic susceptibility, Pb and Zn contents, it is concluded that field magnetic measurements provide a good qualitative proxy of pollution spread out of the mining galleries, while laboratory measurements afford a more detailed investigation of the links between iron oxides and the main heavy metals in the ore. 相似文献
16.
中国西北地区典型钢铁工业城市表土重金属污染的环境磁学响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以嘉峪关市为研究靶区,系统采集城区表土样品58件,对其进行环境磁学和重金属元素（Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、V、Zn、Fe）质量分数分析。结果表明：嘉峪关市表土以低矫顽力磁铁矿为主导,磁晶粒度以较粗的假单畴（PSD）和多畴（MD）颗粒为主;城区表土亚铁磁性矿物浓度和磁性颗粒大小远高于国内综合型大城市表土;市区反映磁性矿物含量的参数呈现出以酒钢厂和废渣场为中心的高值区域,并随着污染源距离的增加向周围递减;嘉峪关市表土重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、V、Zn、Fe质量分数与反映磁性矿物含量的参数具有显著共变性,二者的高值分布与反映磁晶粒度参数的高值分布成盈缺呼应关系。然而嘉峪关市土壤母质磁性颗粒本底值较粗,与污染土壤特征相似,因此对西北地区而言,亚铁磁性矿物浓度相对磁晶粒度可以更好地指示钢铁厂周边土壤重金属的污染程度。 相似文献
17.
Mingjie Shen Shouyun Hu Uli. Blaha Haitao Yan Wolfgang. R?sler Ewin. Appel Viktor. Hoffmann 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(4):400-407
An expressway-side soil profile 22 cm long was sampled from the grassland of the expressway linking Beijing and the Capital
International Airport. Magnetic measurements, geochemical and multivariate statistic analyses were performed on the soil samples.
The results reveal that the soil profile can be divided into two parts with significant difference in magnetic proxies and
heavy metal concentration. The uppermost soil horizon (0–8 cm) represents the pollution-rich layer with higher concentration
of ferrimagnetic phases and metallic elements. The values of xare very high with an average of 141.60 × 10−8 m3·kg−1 in the layer. We explain that the anthropogenic dust input from traffic is the predominant cause for strong signals of magnetic
phases and heavy metals. Below the profile depth of 8 cm, there is minor pollution in the soil with lower concentration of
magnetic minerals and heavy metals compared to the natural background values. χ remains quite stable and relatively low with
an average of 49.44 × 10−8 m3·kg−1. S-ratio also generally decreases with depth, and it changes from 0.93 in the 0–8 cm layer to 0.87 below the depth of 8 cm.
It indicates that the soil samples are overwhelmingly predominated by ferrimagnetic minerals in the upper part soil, while
the contribution of imperfect antiferromagnetic components is stronger in the lower part. Rock magnetic experiments show MD
magnetite as the main magnetic carrier both in the upper and lower parts. Themagnetic grain size in the upper part is, however,
a bit coarser than that in the lower part. Cluster analysis shows a positive correlation between magnetic properties (χ, ARM,
SIRM) and heavy metal pollutants of Pb, Zn, Cu. Fuzzy C-means cluster analysis can clearly help divide the soil profile into
two different layers and distinguish their characteristics. It can be concluded that these magnetic concentration-related
parameters can be used as proxies for pollution investigation in a fast, sensitive, low-cost and highly efficient approach
to screening heavy metal pollution.
__________
Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27(6): 1113-1120 [译自:第四纪研究] 相似文献
18.
Geophysical methods are widely applied to soils for resolving different tasks in precision agriculture, pollution evaluation, erosion estimation, etc. Environmental magnetic methods were applied in our study on a collection of soil samples from area near Rosslau (Germany), which was gathered on the basis of a field electromagnetic induction study. Magnetic laboratory analyses include magnetic susceptibility, isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), thermomagnetic analyses for determination of the kind of magnetic minerals present in soils. The results reveal the presence of statistically significant inverse correlations between magnetic susceptibility, as well as remanent magnetizations ARM and IRM, and conductivity values. This maybe ascribed to influence of topography and water regime on the iron oxide forms in soil and the influence of soil moisture on soil conductivity. Magnetic measurements on soil cores showed close correspondence between soil horizons outlined in 1 m-long cores, and depth changes in mass-specific magnetic susceptibility. Existing relationships between magnetic characteristics, soil reaction pH, and nutrients’ content (total nitrogen, carbon and sulphur) have been explored by cluster analysis and general regression model statistics. The results reveal the presence of significant correlations between nutrients’ content, magnetic susceptibility and the grain size sensitive ratio ARM/χ. These are expressed by numerical equations, representing pedotransfer functions, which predict the content of Nitrogen, Carbon and Sulphur through combination of magnetic parameters and soil pH. The obtained pedotransfer functions for the particular case of Gley soils and Fluvisols studied could be used for application of magnetic methods in agricultural practice as a fast and inexpensive proxy evaluation of the content of these nutrition elements. 相似文献
19.
以华北地区某工业场地为研究对象,采用数理统计和地质统计学方法,对该场地土壤中重金属元素的空间分布特征及元素之间的相互关系进行研究。结果显示:各重金属元素在研究区已有一定程度的积累,其中Hg的平均含量高于国家《土壤环境质量标准》三级标准值和当地土壤背景值,污染最严重,是该场地土壤重金属污染的主要因子;各重金属元素污染程度整体上为Hg>Zn>Cd>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cr>As,其中As平均含量与当地土壤背景值接近。重金属元素Hg、Cd、Mn、Fe和Co具有中等程度的空间相关性,表明这些元素具有相同或相似的污染源。场地内1、4、8、9厂区的土壤重金属污染最严重,污染物种类与其特殊的工艺流程有一定关系,这为以后的污染防治工作提供了重要依据。 相似文献
20.
Correlation between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals in urban topsoil: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Anthropogenic influence, mainly due to urban and industrial activities and traffic exhaust, may affect urban topsoil via atmospheric contamination and solid waste. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were conducted on 21 urban topsoil samples from the city of Xuzhou, China. High intensities of magnetic susceptibility were detected in the majority of the samples. SEM analysis shows that magnetic minerals are in the form of spherules and mainly due to anthropogenic inputs. The heavy metals Pb, Cu, Zn, Se, Sc, Mo, Fe, and Bi show strong correlations with magnetic susceptibility, and Ag, Ba, Cd, Ni, Cr, Sb, and Sn, on the other hand, show a weak correlation with magnetic susceptibility. Whereas, of these metals studied, only Hg has no significant correlation with the susceptibility. The Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI) also shows significant correlation with the susceptibility (χ). The present study shows that magnetic susceptibility is a fast, inexpensive, and non-destructive method for the detection and mapping of contaminated soils. 相似文献