共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
利用直流电测深、环境磁学以及矿物学方法,开展对一钢铁厂周边土壤的污染评价研究,获得了土壤垂向电阻率与磁化率分布特征。研究表明,随着污染土剖面的深度由底部至地表,土壤电阻率逐渐减小,磁化率和重金属含量反而增高;该变化特征反映了土壤受污染的程度与钢铁公司历年粗钢产量及武汉市历年汽车保有量的变化程度相对应。通过对污染样品的磁滞回线、热磁曲线和SEM/EDX等矿物学分析,污染样品的矿物成分以磁铁矿和赤铁矿为主,以准单畴(PSD)颗粒存在,形貌特征和物质成分与成土过程中形成的磁性颗粒明显不同。由于土壤的电性与磁性都具有良好的污染程度指示作用,所以土壤的电性与磁性研究可以应用于土壤污染程度的评价,两者联合运用可大大提高土壤污染程度评价的分辨率。 相似文献
2.
湖州市土壤磁化率与重金属元素分布规律及其相关性研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
通过对84个地表土样、17个剖面土样和11个基岩样的磁参数与化学分析测试,对湖州市进行了土壤磁化率与重金属元素分布规律、成因及两者的相关性研究.结果表明:表层土壤磁化率高值异常区与土壤重金属元素高值分布区吻合程度非常高,剖面土壤磁化率值与重金属元素含量总体上均呈向下递减的相同特点;表层土壤磁化率与重金属元素高值异常均系人类经济工程活动影响所致,主要与当地城镇生活垃圾随意堆放、垃圾施肥、工业粉尘、废气、废物和污水排放、农药和化肥的过量使用等有关;表层土壤磁化率值与重金属元素Cd、Hg、Pb、As和Cr含量之间在不同环境条件下相关性有着明显的差异.在旱地土壤中磁化率与重金属元素Hg、Pb高度相关,与Cd、As和Cr不相关;在水田土壤中磁化率与重金属元素Pb、As高度相关,与Cd显著相关,而与Hg、Cr不相关. 相似文献
3.
农作物中重金属含量过高势必影响人类健康与生态安全,通过对农作物与其根系土调查,对污染元素进行生态效应评价具有重要的实际意义。本文以土壤重金属超标地区——保定东部地区的大宗农作物小麦、玉米及其根系土为研究对象,开展了元素含量测试和统计分析。结果表明:小麦、玉米样品中有富硒样品;部分小麦样品存在重金属元素超标现象,玉米样品全部不超标。农作物可食部分对元素的吸收能力为小麦玉米。通过调查农作物对不同元素的吸收能力,对土壤重金属超标地区的农产品种植具有指导作用,有利于研究区土地资源的安全利用。 相似文献
4.
磁化率对土壤重金属污染的指示性研究——以沈阳新城子区为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对399件表层土壤磁化率参数与化学组成的分析测试,较系统地总结了沈阳新城子区土壤磁化率特征,并初步进行了磁化率对土壤重金属污染的指示研究。结果表明:(1)不同土壤类型中磁化率差异较大,棕壤中由于人为作用较大,其均值最高。不同堆积类型中磁化率差别较大,洪积物和残坡积物中平均值最高,冲积物中最低。不同农作物对元素的需求不一样导致磁化率的含量变化范围存在着区别。(2)土壤的磁化率与土壤中Cd、Pb、Hg、Cu、Zn等重金属元素含量呈显著正相关,且与土壤pH值呈显著负相关关系,能反映出土壤酸化的状况,对土壤污染程度有较好的指示性。(3)利用磁化率可以快捷地划分污染区。 相似文献
5.
武汉市东湖周边近地表土壤磁化率特征及其环境意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
测量了武汉市东湖周边3个采样区60个土壤样品的磁化率及24个代表样品的重金属元素质量分数,对土壤磁化率和重金属元素质量分数进行了相关分析与聚类分析,探讨应用土壤磁化率参量及测量技术对大范围区域污染环境评价的指示意义.结果表明,土壤磁化率与重金属元素Ca、Cu、Pb、Sr、Zn质量分数显著相关,相关系数分别高达0.930,0.836,0.864,0.879和 0.879;重金属元素Ba、Cr、Fe、Mg、Mn质量分数与磁化率中度-弱相关,相关系数分别为0.447,0.303,0.557,0.528,0.333.聚类分析结果表明,不同采样区地表土壤的污染源之间存在一定差异.这些结果为应用土壤磁化率(尤其是原位磁化率)测量技术在该区进行大尺度和高精度环境评价提供了基础. 相似文献
6.
南宁市郊周边农田土壤-农作物系统重金属元素迁移特征及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过采集南宁市郊农田中玉米、蔬菜、水稻可食部分及其根系土150组,研究重金属元素在不同土壤-农作物系统中迁移特征及其影响因素,结果表明:根系土中Hg、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn平均含量分别为0.116、0.202、56.76、22.12、14.49、25.18和56.28 mg·kg-1。农作物对应平均含量分别为0.001 1、0.037、0.054、1.153、0.205、0.011和9.37 mg·kg-1。根系土富集因子表明Cd受到不同程度人为活动影响,Cr和Ni主要受地质背景控制;不同作物系统元素富集因子表明Pb在土壤-农作物系统中迁移能力最低,Zn迁移能力最强。Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn在土壤-水稻系统重迁移能力显著高于蔬菜和玉米。根系土中pH、CaO、有机质、Fe2O3、K2O、MgO与重金生物富集系数呈显著性负相关,但在土壤-叶类蔬菜系统中根系土中K2O、MgO与Hg生物富集系数呈显著正相关。 相似文献
7.
磁化率是环境磁学研究中较常用、较易获得的指标之一,但其解释和意义又最为复杂.对采自中国东部从北到南涵盖中国主要气候带的风化-成壤成因的79个表层土壤样品进行高、低频磁化率和非磁滞剩磁测试并分析其与降水量、年均温等气候参数的关系.结果表明:(1)发育于不同类型母岩的风化-成壤成因表层土壤磁学性质之间存在显著差异,各磁化率参数与气候条件参数之间的关系大不一样,在大空间尺度进行磁学与气候条件的关系研究时,必须充分考虑地质背景与母岩类型的差异.(2)发育于花岗岩的表层土壤非磁滞剩磁磁化率与年降水量和年均温间呈显著负相关关系;而发育于玄武岩的表层土壤非磁滞剩磁磁化率与年降水量呈显著正相关关系.被广泛认可的黄土-古土壤序列磁化率与成壤的关系不一定适用于大空间尺度的其他气候区域.(3)在风化-成壤过程中,磁性颗粒有变细的趋势,但降水强度增大时,一些超细颗粒较易被搬运离开原地,单一磁学参数结果难以反映气候条件及环境变化.(4)风化-成壤成因表层土壤非磁滞剩磁磁化率能较好地反映风化成因土壤的风化程度,但风化-成壤表层土壤磁学性质变化的机制特别是对相应土壤剖面的磁性矿物迁移转化有待深入研究. 相似文献
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9.
对中国大陆科学钻探主孔100—2000m区间岩心样品磁化率与钻孔原位测井磁化率进行系统时比研究。结果表明,控制岩石磁化率的主要因素是岩性和退变质作用,其中蛇纹石化石榴石橄榄岩的磁化率最大,样品平均磁化率为86．277×10-3SI,正片麻岩,退变质榴辉岩,榴辉岩,副片麻岩次之,角闪岩的磁化率最小,样品平均磁化率为1．698×10-3SI。不同退变质程度榴辉岩的磁化率特征具有明显的差异:中-强程度退变质榴辉岩由于退变质过程所产生的磁铁矿和钛铁矿-钛磁铁矿,其磁化率最大;随着退变质作用的进一步加剧,这些磁铁矿和钛铁矿-钛磁铁矿被完全分解,导致完全退变质榴辉岩的磁化率最小;新鲜榴辉岩的磁化率介于两者之间。在该深度区间,约70％岩心样品磁化率与测井磁化率的比值小于4．0,其中以<2．0为主,相同岩性岩石(如榴辉岩,退变质榴辉岩和副片麻岩)磁化率的比值随深度变化较小。岩心样品磁化率和测井磁化率之间的欧氏距离位于3．0-6．4范围,且随深度变化不明显,如在100～600m和1500～2000m两个深度范围的欧氏距离分别为3．0-5．2和3．2～5．3,表现出相似的变化特征,显示了在此区间深度范围内,地层压力对磁化率的基本没有影响。 相似文献
10.
南京下蜀土的岩石磁学特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对南京附近的下蜀土进行了岩石磁学测定，通过磁化率各向异性测量研究了它的沉积磁性组构特征，下蜀土的各异向性很不明显，各向异性废Ｐ小于水成岩的Ｐ值（＞１．０２），且与困面理度Ｆ高度相关，与磁线理度Ｌ相关不明显，这种特征与中国中部风成黄土极相似。对新生圩剖面进行的磁化率测量发现用化率曲线上有７个旋回的波峰、波谷变化，这与剖面中的古土壤－黄土系列相一致，说明下蜀土的剖面磁化率同样可以作为地层划分与对比，反映古气候冷暧变化的物理参数。对典型下蜀土样品进行的低温磁化率测量揭示出古土壤和黄土的成颗粒的构成不同，古土壤以超顺磁质为主，黄土以顺磁质为主。细小磁颗粒在古土壤中的积聚可能与古土壤的发育及古气候的暧湿程度有关。 相似文献
11.
前人研究认为,在长江下游地区绰墩农业遗址的全新世地层中存在2个古水稻土层,但到目前为止尚缺乏土壤化学和物理学方面的证据。为了寻找土壤学证据,在江苏省昆山市绰墩遗址P-01垂直剖面中连续采集了12个样品,分别测定了全氮(TN)含量、总有机碳 (TOC) 含量、粒度组成、质量磁化率以及粘土矿物组成。结果显示,从剖面底部(200cm)到100cm处和从57cm处到现代土壤表层,TOC,TN,TOC/TN比值、高岭石含量以及高岭石/伊利石(K/I)比值两次出现逐渐升高的趋势,而且它们的曲线形态基本一致。这些特点有可能说明P-01剖面中包含着两次成壤过程:第1次形成了古土壤层(160~100cm),第2次形成了现代水稻土(57cm~现代土壤表层)。但TOC和TN以及水稻植硅石资料不支持在深度57~42cm段存在古土壤的观点。从200cm到130cm处,磁化率和粘粒含量有逐渐降低的趋势,说明此处具有长期淹水的特征。现代水稻土的研究表明,水稻田排水过程中可能使部分粘粒被带走流失。因此,粘粒含量从200cm到130cm处逐渐降低的趋势可能与中全新世的人工排水有关。研究资料与考古学、孢粉学和植硅体资料共同说明,该古土壤层(160~100cm)很可能是古水稻土。古水稻土的确认将为农业考古和古环境变化研究提供有利的条件。 相似文献
12.
Johan Linderholm 《Geoarchaeology》2007,22(4):417-438
A large number of contract archaeological investigations have been conducted in Sweden over the last 10–15 years. In this article, the applicability of soil chemical surveying in connection with contract archaeology is discussed, focusing on soil sampling, soil magnetic susceptibility, and phosphate analysis. Results from case studies from an area of the west coast of southern Sweden are presented. The investigated sites cover periods ranging from the Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age/Medieval time (3500–1000 B.P.). Results show that the chemical loading of prehistoric settlements varies considerably both quantitatively and spatially depending on different socioeconomic strategies and behavior. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
13.
Mapping of heavy metal loadings in soils by means of magnetic susceptibility measurements 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Contamination of soils with heavy metals is an issue all industrial and urban regions have to deal with. Generally, chemical methods are chosen to monitor soil pollution but measurements of magnetic susceptibility proved to yield additional information at low cost and consuming less time. We measured the magnetic susceptibility of soils which had been analysed chemically during the soil surveys of three Austrian provinces. Each anomaly of susceptibility either coincided with geogenic anomalies or indicated anthropogenic input of pollutants. Regional comparisons of susceptibility with chemical analyses revealed that susceptibility can be used as an indicator for the contents of individual pollutants in soils. This calibration of susceptibility has been successfully applied to an industrial region as well as to an urban environment. Two powerful applications of susceptibility measurements of soils are shown: the identification of polluted areas, and the detailed mapping of these areas to reveal the extent of pollution. 相似文献
14.
Changes in magnetic and chemical properties of soil during the growth of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) are examined in this study. The synthetic soils, prepared from sand, topsoil and organic material, were treated with magnetite
powder (<5 μm) in order to simulate metal contamination. Six soil treatments were prepared from two soil types: controls,
low-contamination and high-contamination treatments (0.01 and 0.05 g of magnetite powder/kg soil, respectively). Overall,
the contaminated soils had a greater decrease in magnetic susceptibility (MS) than the controls, and the difference in MS
decrease between the treatments was found to be statistically significant for both soil types. Potential reasons for the overall
MS decrease were explored, and among them, trace element uptake by plants probably had a minor contribution as the concentration
differences of Fe and other trace elements (Ni, Mn) between treatments were not statistically significant. In soils, oxidized
and weakly magnetic minerals (maghemite, goethite and hematite) were common after plant growth, when compared with the untreated
(background) soil. Such mineral transformations could have contributed to the overall MS decrease. The results show that exposure
to Fe contaminants can affect plant growth and suggest that plant growth can measurably change the magnetic properties of
their growth media. While the potential variables affecting plant growth were controlled as much as possible, there still
remains the potential that biotic and abiotic chemical reactions could have affected the results. Thus, continuous monitoring
of the changes in soil magnetic and chemical properties in more complex soil–plant systems is needed. 相似文献
15.
Two types of soil (fluvisols and anthrosols) were collected from different environmental settings (suburb and industrial area)
in Wuhan, central China, aiming to examine the applicability of magnetic mapping for heavy metal pollution of urban soil in
a large region. Magnetic measurements and chemical analysis indicated elevated magnetization and heavy metal concentrations
of topsoils in the industrial area. Magnetic susceptibility (χ), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and saturation
isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) of fluvisols are much higher than those of anthrosols, but contrary for frequency-dependent
susceptibility, indicating that soil magnetism strongly depends on the soil type/condition. Predominant magnetic carrier in
topsoils in industrial area is pseudo-single-domain/multi-domain magnetite. Environmental scanning electron microscope/energy
dispersive X-ray examination of the magnetic extracts from these topsoils revealed abundant spherical particles with diameters
of 10–50 μm that are rich in iron-oxides, and could be attributed to the nearby industrial activities (e.g., steel work and
power generation). Significant correlations were observed between magnetic concentration-related parameters (e.g., χ, ARM
and SIRM) and concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and Tomlinson pollution load index. These results proposed that magnetic proxy
mapping of soil pollution is an effective, fast and inexpensive tool for delineation of heavy metal pollution. However, interpretation
of magnetic properties for such a purpose must be done on a site-specific basis, taking into account the possibilities of
pedogenic enhancement/depletion under the specific soil conditions. 相似文献
16.
17.
Geophysical methods are widely applied to soils for resolving different tasks in precision agriculture, pollution evaluation, erosion estimation, etc. Environmental magnetic methods were applied in our study on a collection of soil samples from area near Rosslau (Germany), which was gathered on the basis of a field electromagnetic induction study. Magnetic laboratory analyses include magnetic susceptibility, isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), thermomagnetic analyses for determination of the kind of magnetic minerals present in soils. The results reveal the presence of statistically significant inverse correlations between magnetic susceptibility, as well as remanent magnetizations ARM and IRM, and conductivity values. This maybe ascribed to influence of topography and water regime on the iron oxide forms in soil and the influence of soil moisture on soil conductivity. Magnetic measurements on soil cores showed close correspondence between soil horizons outlined in 1 m-long cores, and depth changes in mass-specific magnetic susceptibility. Existing relationships between magnetic characteristics, soil reaction pH, and nutrients’ content (total nitrogen, carbon and sulphur) have been explored by cluster analysis and general regression model statistics. The results reveal the presence of significant correlations between nutrients’ content, magnetic susceptibility and the grain size sensitive ratio ARM/χ. These are expressed by numerical equations, representing pedotransfer functions, which predict the content of Nitrogen, Carbon and Sulphur through combination of magnetic parameters and soil pH. The obtained pedotransfer functions for the particular case of Gley soils and Fluvisols studied could be used for application of magnetic methods in agricultural practice as a fast and inexpensive proxy evaluation of the content of these nutrition elements. 相似文献
18.
Environmental study for pollution in the area of Megalopolis power plant (Peloponnesos,Greece) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Apostolos Sarris Eleni Kokinou Eleni Aidona Nikolaos Kallithrakas-Kontos Pavlos Koulouridakis Georgia Kakoulaki Kassiani Droulia Ourania Damianovits 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(8):1769-1783
The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the suitability of magnetic properties in correlation to geochemical
measurements as a pollution-monitoring tool and study the metal transmission factors in an area around a major local source,
namely a lignite-burning power plant. Surface soil samples were collected in the wide area of the power plant of Megalopolis
(Peloponnesos, Greece). The magnetic susceptibility and other magnetic properties of the surface soils were originally measured
and mapped. Loci of high values of magnetic susceptibility within the study area gave rise to further analyze the soil samples
for metal concentrations. GIS techniques were used for mapping all the chemical constituent concentrations and the magnetic
measurements on the various topographic and geological features of the area. Maps were created through interpolation algorithms
indicating the spatial distribution of the above measurements. Spatial tools and statistical analysis through the calculation
of Pearson’s coefficients proved the correlation between magnetic properties, metal concentrations and the terrain attributes
(especially the geological structure and the wind currents) of the region. 相似文献
19.
文章以青海湖北部刚察县高寒草地为研究对象,分析测试土壤样品的各粒级组分进而计算出各粒度参数值,尝试探索土壤层剖面的土壤粒度与土壤磁化率的变化特征及其相关性。结果表明:该高寒草地土壤剖面粒度组成以粉砂为主,黏粒次之,再次是砂粒,土壤属性属于粉砂壤土—粉砂土;土壤质量磁化率总体较低,土壤物源既有基岩风化而成,又有远程物质的搬运沉积;土壤剖面上表现出两个较为明显的质量磁化率由高到低的周期演化,说明成土成壤过程经历了两个时期。土层在30cm以上,质量磁化率与频率磁化率呈现出相反的变化趋势;30cm以下随着越接近母岩方向,质量磁化率值呈现减小的态势。且在剖面上表现出两个较为明显的以高质量磁化率值开始、低质量磁化率结束为特征的周期演化。 相似文献