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1.
系统梳理了2020年1月16日新疆库车5.6级地震前出现的地震活动和地球物理观测等异常,结果如下：①地震活动：震前存在地震平静、地震高频、带状分布、地震窗等中短期异常;②地球物理观测：震中350 km范围内均为形变异常,分别体现在固体潮、地倾斜、钻孔应变测项;③综合方法主要识别出年尺度异常。对库车5.6级地震序列进行分析,可知主震震源机制为走滑型破裂,余震不丰富,序列衰减不明显,序列发展过程中地震活动起伏变化明显。综合分析认为,此次地震前地震活动中短期异常较为突出,地球物理观测异常相对较少,发震前2年异常数量出现先增加后减少的现象,对地震的发震时间具有一定指示意义。 相似文献
2.
系统梳理2021年3月24日新疆拜城MS 5.4地震前地震活动异常特征、地球物理观测异常以及区域构造情况,结果如下：①地震活动：震前存在地震平静、高频、带状分布等异常;②地球物理观测：出现5项异常,其中形变3项,电磁2项,且形变异常对于该地震具有预测意义;③综合方法：地震发生前,震中附近存在多参数概率谱异常。拜城MS 5.4地震发生在库车坳陷西南部,震源机制解显示为走滑型破裂。该序列类型为前震—主震—余震型,主震前存在前震活动,余震较少,序列活动呈持续衰减特征。综合分析认为,拜城MS 5.4地震前异常较多,其中地震活动相关异常为后续中强地震的预测提供了有效依据。 相似文献
3.
塔里木北缘岩石圈热-流变结构及其地球动力学意义 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
结合塔里木北缘的库车坳陷和塔北隆起这两个构造单元的地温资料和岩石热物性参数, 利用一维热传导方程, 给出了塔里木北缘地区岩石圈的热结构. 塔里木北缘地区平均地表热流为45 mW/m2左右, 地幔热流约为20~24 mW/m2, 莫霍面温度为514~603℃, 热岩石圈厚度138~182 km. 在此基础上, 根据该区地震测深剖面揭示的P波速度结构和岩石学, 结合流变学模拟进一步确定了该区的岩石圈强度及其分布特征. 研究结果表明, 岩石圈的流变分层现象明显, 整个上地壳和下地壳部分以脆性性质为主, 下地壳底部才显韧性性质, 壳下岩石圈地幔也表现为脆性性质, 具有典型的“三明治”结构. 此外, 岩石圈强度也具有横向变化的特征, 隆起区强度大于坳陷区强度; 从南往北, 强度依次降低, 塔北隆起南部强度最大, 库车坳陷强度最小. 塔里木北缘地区岩石圈拉张背景下强度为4.77×1012 ~ 5.03×1013 N/m, 挤压背景下为6.5×1012 ~ 9.40×1013 N/m, 其脆-韧性转换深度在20 ~ 33 km之间. 塔里木北缘的岩石圈较冷且强度较大, 岩石圈表现为刚性并以整体变形为主. 该区地震活动性研究也表明了这一整体变形的地球动力学特征. 相似文献
4.
简要介绍了南天山山前库车坳陷的主要活动逆断裂-背斜带的分布特征、构造样式、最新活动证据等资料。平面上库车坳陷呈一“眼”状,由南北两大背斜带构成。北部靠近南天山为一套向南逆冲的逆断裂-背斜系统,最新活动的逆断裂-背斜带为喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜带;南部靠近塔里木盆地的是一套向北逆冲的逆断裂-背斜系统,最新活动的主要是秋里塔格逆断层-背斜带及其以南的亚肯背斜等新背斜;南北两大背斜系统夹持着拜城盆地。坳陷区北部的喀桑托开断裂与坳陷区南部的秋里塔格断裂带是区内最主要的活动断裂,前者长逾60km,后者长近200km,沿这两条断裂带均发现了清楚的断裂露头和古地震形变带。此外,在秋里塔格背斜带以南发育了更新的、规模较小的背斜,表明库车坳陷区的褶皱作用继续向盆地方向扩展。石油地震剖面资料显示,库车坳陷南北两侧的褶皱作用均受盖层与基底之间的滑脱断层控制,属于山前的薄皮构造。滑脱面的深度可达10km左右。这是库车坳陷主要的发震层 相似文献
5.
形成于中新生代的南天山库车山前坳陷带和北天山乌鲁木齐山前坳陷带表现出类似的几何学、运动学和动力学特征 ,即坳陷内都发育 4排近东西向展布的逆断裂 -背斜带 ;新生代 (特别是第四纪以来 )表现出强烈的由山体向盆地的逆冲活动 ;逆断裂 -背斜带的形成、演化和发展都受控于统一的近南北向构造应力场。然而 ,南北两个山前坳陷在变形强度、地球物理细结构、地球动力学环境等方面存在着明显的不同。对这些不同点进行了讨论 ,认为正是这些不同点的存在 ,使得天山南北两侧山前坳陷内的现今地震活动性显示出不对称性 ,即南天山库车山前坳陷 5级以上地震基本都分布在第 3排 (秋里塔格 )逆断裂 -背斜带上 ,而北天山乌鲁木齐山前坳陷 5级以上地震基本都分布在坳陷南部准噶尔南缘断裂附近及其以南的天山内部 相似文献
6.
利用渤海湾及其邻区的10多条地震测深剖面段观测资料，对部分剖面进行二维射线追踪、走时拟合及合成地震图计算，获得了本区地壳上地幔速度结构．结果表明，地壳上地幔结构在纵向和横向上具有明显的不均匀性．在冀中坳陷东北部的永清附近、黄骅坳陷的渤海湾和济阳坳陷的垦利附近存在上地幔隆起，隆起处的地壳厚度分别约为31, 28和29 km．根据地震波动力学及运动学特征和二维速度结构中的地震界面与速度等值线起伏变化，推测该区有3条地壳深断裂带，在地壳深断裂带一侧或两侧上地壳存在5.90～6.10 km/s的低速层(体)． 相似文献
7.
通过对地壳低速高导层和地震震源深度等有关资料的分析研究,在对地震发生前兆、特征及物理机制研究的基础上,初步提出了一个简单的地壳双层孕震模式:地壳存在有两层孕震结构,上层为主孕震层,是地震应力集中积聚和发震后释放应变能的地方,主要是岩石发生脆性变形层,深度在中上地壳范围内;下层为低速高导层,是诱发和加强上层脆性层岩石变形、应变能积累和破裂的主要因素之一,处于岩石脆—韧性变形的过渡带,强震的发生与本层有着密切的关系,深度在中下地壳范围内。同时基于该双层孕震假设讨论了强震的孕育环境及作用。 相似文献
8.
系统梳理2021年9月4日新疆皮山MS 5.1和9月5日叶城MS 5.0地震发生前地震活动异常特征、地球物理观测异常以及区域构造情况,结果如下：①地震活动异常：皮山MS 5.1地震前出现前兆震群活动、阿图什至皮山4级地震平静、库车—沙雅4级地震窗口以及地震发生率指数异常;②地球物理观测异常：2项异常,其中形变1项,电磁1项,但与此次地震活动相关性较低;③震源机制：泽普断裂距皮山MS 5.1和叶城MS 5.0地震最近,间距分别约15 km和3 km,震源机制解显示2次地震均为逆冲型破裂;④序列分析：此次地震活动序列类型为震群型,主震前存在明显的前震活动,余震较为丰富,余震活动呈阶段性衰减特征。综合分析认为,2021年9月皮山MS 5.1和叶城MS 5.0地震组成震群型地震序列,震前地球物理观测异常较少,地震活动异常主要对发震地点具有预测意义。 相似文献
9.
论述了重磁异常对应分析方法原理和地质解释的地球物理基础,计算了南北构造带北段上延5 ～50km 的重磁对应分析的相关系数R和斜率α的平面分布曲线,结合其它地质和地球物理资料,初步分析认为:(1) 中朝准地台的阿拉善台隆和鄂尔多斯台缘隆起区属于正常地壳结构;鄂尔多斯台缘坳陷区属于非正常地壳结构;(2) 祁连秦岭褶皱区地壳结构比较复杂,南、北祁连和礼县 柞水褶皱带的地壳为基本正常地壳结构;祁连北部走廊过渡带、中部隆起带和南秦岭褶皱带西段的地壳属于非正常地壳结构;(3)相关系数转换带的平面分布特征大致反映了断裂带的伸展方向,在剖面上的位置大致与断裂带构造位置相对应 相似文献
10.
《中国科学:地球科学》2010,(12)
塔里木盆地北缘库车坳陷新生代盐构造为油气聚集提供了丰富的圈闭和良好的盖层,是我国重要的油气勘探目标.通过详细的野外地质观测和二维、三维地震反射剖面解析,结合物理模拟实验和离散元数值模拟,发现库车坳陷发育三层结构的挤压冲断型盐构造:盐上层逆冲断层和褶皱、盐岩塑性流变形成的盐丘和盐背斜和盐下层构造.盐岩聚集于拜城凹陷南北两侧,盐下构造发育于拜城凹陷北侧,盐上构造向南传播的更远,盐上层与盐下层的构造形态和高点存在较大的差异,它们没有一一对应的关系.库车坳陷盐构造分为两个阶段:渐新世-中新世库车坳陷构造变形微弱,天山山前的重力(沉积)差异负载导致盐岩发生塑性流变,由山前向盆地流动,形成刺穿型盐丘、盐株;上新世库车坳陷受到强烈挤压,发生大规模逆冲推覆,早期的盐底辟构造演变为盐席断层推覆体,形成大型盐撤凹陷、外来盐席和整合型盐背斜.盐岩边界、区域构造应力变化、差异负载(沉积负载和局部构造负载)是影响库车坳陷盐构造的三个主要因素. 相似文献
11.
塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏河沿岸发育良好的新生界地层.我们对克拉苏河沿岸新生界剖面分A、B两段进行系统采样,获得定向岩芯样品1700余块. 岩石磁学研究表明,新生代沉积岩中磁性矿物以赤铁矿为主,含有少量磁铁矿;磁组构测试结果显示,两段剖面磁面理均较磁线理发育,最小磁化率主轴近于直立,显示原生沉积组构. A剖面磁化率主轴к1的偏角指示古流向. 库姆格列木群沉积时的古水流方向为NEE-SWW向,至苏维依组沉积时,流向变为NNE-SSW向. 河流古流向在苏维依组形成时发生急剧变化,说明南天山此时可能发生了明显的隆升,且以北西部隆升为主;B剖面为吉迪克组、康村组和库车组粗粒碎屑岩,磁组构显示к1-к2构成的磁面理与层理面小角度相交,к3呈叠瓦状分布,可以用来指示古水流方向.从吉迪克组至库车组下段,古流向均为NNW-SSE,但逐渐偏东,暗示天山在此期间处于缓慢的隆升期或东西部处于同步隆升,且西部隆升速度快于东部. 相似文献
12.
结合塔里木库车前陆盆地的109口井的地温数据，给出了库车盆地的地温场分布特征. 库车盆地各构造单元的平均地温梯度值为18～28℃/km，与我国其他大、中型沉积盆地相比，仍然偏低. 库车前陆盆地整体上是属于低温冷盆，山前带部位，依奇克里克、克拉苏和大宛齐等构造分区是低温冷盆中的高地温梯度带；从山前带由北向南，地温梯度逐渐降低. 在盆地的南部，地温梯度又存在明显差异. 总体上，地温梯度随深度的增加而降低，趋于一致，但在不同地质构造条件下其变化的速率不同. 在此基础上，进一步探讨地温梯度与盆地形成和构造演化的关系以及油气勘探意义. 相似文献
13.
Thermodynamic conditions of framework grain dissolution of clastic rocks and its application in Kela 2 gas field 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
LAI Xingyun YU Bingsong CHEN Junyuan CHEN Xiaolin LIU Jianqing MEI Mingxiang JING Weiguang & CHENG Suhua School of Earth Sciences Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics Deep-level Process Exploration of Ministry of Education Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(1):21-31
Feldspar and clastic debris are the most important constituent framework grains of sedimentary clastic rocks and their chemical dissolution plays an essential role in the formation and evolution of the secondary pore in the reservoir rocks. On the basis of thermodynamic phase equilibrium, this study investigates the chemical equilibrium relationships between fluid and various plagioclase and K-feldspar in diagenesis of the sediments, particularly, the impact of temperature and fluid compositions (pH, activity of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and so on) on precipitation and dissolution equilibria of feldspars. Feldspar is extremely easily dissolved in the acid pore water with a low salinity when temperature decreases. The dissolution of anorthite end-member of plagioclase is related to the Ca content of the mineral and the fluid, higher Ca either in the mineral or in the fluid, easier dissolution of the feldspar. Moreover, the dissolution of albite end-member of plagioclase is related to Na of both the mineral and fluid, 相似文献
14.
Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic transition in Kuqa Depression-Tianshan, Northwest China: Evidence from sandstone detrital and geochemical records 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LI Zhong GUO Hong WANG Daoxuan & LIN Wei . Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China . Tarim Oilfield Branch CNPC Korla China . Hefei University of Industry Tunxilu Hefei China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(9):1387-1402
Succeeding to multiply collisions of different blocks in Late Paleozoic[1―5], complex intracontinental structural deformation occurred in the Tianshan area during Mesozoic-Cenozoic[6―16], which controlled coeval basin-range evolution and resulted in intensive modi- fication and adjustment of the Paleozoic oil-gas reser- voirs[17―19]. The Kuqa Depression is a secendary struc- tural unit of the Tarim basin, in which Mesozoic- Ce- nozoic deposits occur in thickness of 6000―7000 m. The Kuq… 相似文献
15.
16.
TANG Liangjie JIA Chengzao PI Xuejun CHEN Suping WANG Zhiyu XIE Huiwen . Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry Beijing China . Basin & Reservoir Research Center University of Petroleum Beijing China . PetroChina Company Limited Beijing China . Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Company Ltd. Kurle China . Department of Geology University of Petroleum Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(10):886-895
It is indicated that the salt beds have a bearingupon the hydrocarbon accumulation more than 80%discovered oil-gas reserves of the world[1]. The saltbeds can change the occurrence of overlying horizons,forming various structural traps[2,3]. The salt bed itselfis the most effective caprocks. The deposits ofhigh-saliniferous environment may have favorablepetroleum-generating conditions[4]. The salt beds withlow specific thermal conductivity may result in highergeothermal gradient of sub-salt str… 相似文献
17.
Most of petroliferous sedimentary basins in China have experienced multiple phases of tectonic evolution and deposition, and are characterized by tectonic and depositional superimposition. The term "superimposed basin" is suggested to describe those basins which consist of two or more simple prototype basins superimposing vertically and/or coalescing laterally. The characteristics of petroliferous superimposed basins are "multiple stages of basin forming and reworking, multiple layers of source rocks, multiple periods of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, multiple periods of petroleum migration-accumulation-escape". Therefore,applying the wave process analysis method to studying the process of basin formation, hydrocarbon generation, and reservoir formation, and then establishing theory of "petroleum accumulation system" is helpful to enhancing petroleum exploration efficiency in superimposed basins.This paper will, based on case study in the Tarim basin, report the major developments in studying basin formation, hydrocarbon generation and petroleum accumulation. In study of basin formation, (1) geophysical comprehensive profiles reveal that the Tarim plate has been subducted beneath the Tianshan orogenic belt with an interfinger structure and that the deep structure in the eastern section of the Tianshan orogenic belt is different from that in the western section. (2) The vertical variation in debris and geochemical composition reveals the nature and Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution history of the Kuqa Depression. (3) Field investigation and paleostress reconstruction show that the Kuqa Depression has undergone gravity-driven extension in sedimentary cover when the Tianshan uplifted vertically. In hydrocarbon generation study, new developments include (1) setting environmental index to judge high grade source rocks in marine carbonates, and (2) establishing the lower limit of the organic carbon content for effective carbonate source rocks. In petroleum accumulation study, (1) methods of determining paleopressure and paleotemperature of forming fluid inclusions have been established. (2) The petroleum source analysis has indicated that the crude oil in the Lunnan and Tahe oilfields are derived from the source rocks of the Middle and Upper Ordovician. (3) Three generations of oil inclusions from the Lunnan oilfield have been recognized and dated. 相似文献
18.
Thermal-rheological structure of lithosphere beneath the northern flank of Tarim Basin, western China: Implications for geodynamics 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
LIU Shaowen WANG Liangshu LI Cheng LI Hua HAN Yongbing JIA Chengzao & WEI Guoqi .Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China .Chinese Petroleum Exploration Development Institution Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(7):659-672
Based on the data of geo-temperature and thermophysical parameters of rocks in the Kuqa Depression and the Tabei Uplift, northern flank of the Tarim Basin, in terms of the analytical solution of 1-D heat transfer equation, the thermal structure of the lithosphere under this region is determined. Our results show that the average surface heat flow of the northern flank of the Tarim Basin is 45 mW/m2, and the mantle heat flow is between 20 and 23 mW/m2; the temperature at crust-mantle boundary (Moho) ranges from 514℃ to 603℃ and the thermal lithosphere where the heat conduction dominates is 138-182 km thick. Furthermore, in combination with the P wave velocity structure resulting from the deep seismic sounding profile across this region and rheological modeling, we have studied the local composition of the lithosphere and its rheological profile, as well as the strength distribution. We find that the rheological stratification of the lithosphere in this region is apparent. The lowermost of the lower crust is ductile; however,the uppermost of the mantle and the upper and middle parts of the crust are both brittle layers,which is typically the so-called sandwich-like structure. Lithospheric strength is also characterized by the lateral variation, and the uplift region is stronger than the depression region. The lithospheric strength of the northem flank of the Tarim Basin decreases gradually from south to north; the Kuqa Depression has the lowest strength and the south of the Tabei Uplift is strongest.The total lithospheric strength of this region is 4.77× 1012-5.03 × 1013 N/m under extension, and 6.5 × 1012-9.4× 1013 N/m under compression. The lithospheric brittle-ductile transition depth is between 20 km and 33 km. In conclusion, the lithosphere of the northern flank of the Tarim Basin is relatively cold with higher strength, so it behaves rigidly and deforms as a whole, which is also supported by the seismic activity in this region. This rigidity of the Tarim lithosphere makes it little deform interior, but only into flexure under the sedimentation and tectonic loading associated with the rapid uplift of the Tianshan at its northern margin during the Indian-Eurasian continental collision following the Late Eocene. Finally, the influences of factors, such as heat flow, temperature,crustal thickness, and especially basin sediment thickness, on the lithospheric strength are discussed here. 相似文献
19.
库车坳陷是南天山中段新构造运动异常强烈的地区,发育4排近EW向展布的逆断裂-背斜带。通过野外实地考察及前人资料分析,认为该区晚第四纪以来的构造变形主要集中于喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜带、秋里塔格逆断裂-背斜带和最南缘的亚肯逆断裂-背斜带之上,而且不同构造带之间的变形方式存在较大差异。作者利用全站仪(total station)对上述构造带的变形地貌进行了精确测量,并结合年代学分析,得到喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜的地壳缩短速率为1·0~2·0mm/a,秋里塔格逆断裂-背斜带的地壳缩短速率为2·5~3·0mm/a,亚肯盲逆断裂-背斜的地壳缩短速率为1·5~2·0mm/a。晚第四纪以来,库车坳陷SN向总的地壳缩短速率不<5·0~7·0mm/a 相似文献
20.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
The effectiveness of gas accumulation processes is controlled by several main geological factors in-cluding charging force,features of gas conduit,sealing properties of caprock,etc. Based on the analysis and statistics of the large-medium size gas accumulations in China,the main parameters,in-cluding the excess pressure difference between the source rock and reservoir bed,the area coefficient of the gas conduit,and the thickness or displacement pressure of caprock,and the criteria for the as-sessment of gas accumulation processes have been established. Using the parameters and the criteria above,the effectiveness of gas accumulation processes in the Kuqa depression was quantitatively evaluated. By integrating the parameters of the excess pressure difference between the source rock and reservoir bed,the area coefficient of fault conduit system,and the caprock thickness in gas charging period,a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of gas accumulation in the Kuqa depression has been made. The result reveals that the Tubei-Dawan area,the Central Kelasu area and the Dongqiu-Dina area are three highly-effective areas for gas accumulation in the Kuqa depression. 相似文献