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1.
利用1951—1999年我国秋季(9—11月)降水、温度和南方涛动指数(SOI)1935—2000年资料研究ENS0与我国秋季气候异常的关系，结果表明，秋季降水与ENS0的关系远比夏季降水与ENS0的关系好。E1Nino年我国秋季降水出现南多北少的分布型(S型)的频率增加近20％，而La Nina年出现S型的频率减少20％。反之，当我国秋季降水距平出现大尺度南北降水异常时，往往表示当时有ENS0现象发生。E1 Nino和La Nina年我国秋季降水距平的分布有显著差异，且这种显著差异主要表现在长江南北、西北和河套地区。不同时段SOI对秋季气候异常的影响不同，当年4—10月SOI值与秋季降水EOF分解第二时间系数(反映大尺度南北旱涝异常特征的权重系数)之间为较明显的正相关，其中8月最显著。上一年7—9月和同年1—3月的SOI值同秋季气温EOF分解的第二时间系数的正相关较明显。可根据前期5—8月的月平均SOI值，预报秋季大尺度降水异常，当年5—8月的SOI平均值偏高时，长江以南(北)地区的降水将有减少(增加)的可能，反之亦然。 相似文献
2.
前期南方涛动对初夏西太平洋副高活动特征的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文利用近34年资料,对前期各月南方涛动指数(SOI)与6月西太平洋副高活动各特征量的联系作了较全面的分析,发现上年夏—当年3月的SOI均对6月西太平洋副高强度、脊点经度和脊线纬度有相当的影响。冬春SOI与6月西太平洋副高偏北西伸频数—入梅期的相关值随时间发生很大变化。后者受到前期行星尺度和前冬地区性海温因子(黑潮和南海海温)的综合影响,前冬SOI只是其中一个因子。根据三个前期因子(前冬SOI和黑潮区海温距平,2—3月南海副高强度)的后延影响就能合理解释6月西太平洋副高活动特征,因此前者也就具有相当的隔季预报能力。 相似文献
3.
西北太平洋热带气旋最佳定位的精度分析 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
用正交小波变换方法分析了近121年来季节的南方涛动指数与北大西洋涛动指数的演变特征，结果表明南方涛动指数（SOI）最显著的变化是周期约为2－7年的年际变化，它们的方差贡献率为55．1％。1920年以前和1960年以后SO年际及年代际变化较强，其余时段较弱。而NAOI最明显的变化是周期在2年以下的变化，方差贡献率为64．3％。近百年NAOI年际及年代际变化有减弱趋势。近百年来SOI有－0．52／百年的减小趋势，而NAOI有0．25／百年的增大趋势。SOI与NAOI的气候基本态之间有显著的负相关，在年代际和年尺度变化上它们相关不明显。近期北半球处于SOI低基本态高年际及年代际变率，NAOI高基本态低年际及年代际变率的慢变过程下。 相似文献
4.
李威 《气候变化研究进展》2006,2(6):296-300
根据中国北方春季沙尘暴频率变化的特点,对南方涛动指数（SOI）、NINO3区海表温度与我国北方春季沙尘暴的发生频率做相关分析,并对ENSO事件与我国北方春季沙尘暴发生频率的关系进行探讨。结果表明：我国北方地区1957－2002年春季沙尘暴发生频率在总体上呈下降趋势,同时存在明显的年际和年代际差异。春季SOI与滞后1～2 a的春季沙尘暴发生频率、夏季SOI与滞后2 a的春季沙尘暴发生频率有较好的相关,但春季沙尘暴与NINO3区海表温度的相关不如与SOI的好。ENSO暖事件可能会使未来1～2 a内春季沙尘暴发生次数减少,而ENSO冷事件则有可能使其增多。 相似文献
5.
根据陕西省1954—2013年的森林火灾统计数据和1951—2013年南方涛动指数(SOI)、太阳黑子数逐月观测数据,采用异常度分析技术,研究了森林火灾重灾年当年及前后各3 a逐月南方涛动指数(SOI)异常变化规律及同期太阳活动特点。研究发现,陕西省森林火灾重灾时段以关键年前3 a至关键年当年SOI指数持续负值为前提条件,并在前1年8月逐渐增大,若同时太阳黑子活动处于谷期或者谷期极小值向较大值转变的时期,可预测未来一段时间内陕西可能处于森林火灾高火险时段,这一结果可为当地森林火灾重灾年的预测和森林火灾防控物资的调度提供参考。 相似文献
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8.
利用1960—2016年夏季美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的月平均降水资料、南方涛动指数SOI以及Niňo3指数资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及英国哈德莱中心海表温度资料,通过相关分析和回归分析,研究了北半球夏季海洋性大陆区域(Maritime Continent,MC)降水与ENSO联系的年代际变化特征。结果表明:MC地区夏季平均降水与SOI指数的相关自1998年后明显减弱。造成这种现象的原因是:南方涛动指数SOI与海温相关系数在太平洋中部为负的大值中心,且1998年之后海温异常呈中部型。这种SSTA强迫造成1998年后大气视热源异常亦偏于赤道太平洋中部,这有利于通过Gill型响应,使菲律宾以东的对流层低层存在明显的反气旋性环流,辐散增强,从而造成赤道以北降水显著减少,抵消了MC区域内南部地区降水的增加,破坏了原有的SOI为正(负)时MC地区平均降水异常增加(减少)的关系。 相似文献
9.
ENSO事件与中国东南沿海3月降水关系分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1951—2006年永安、赣州、厦门、梅州、汕头、曲江和河源7个代表站3月降水量资料,以及南方涛动指数（SOI）和北太平洋海温资料,分析了中国东南沿海3月降水的年际和年代际变化特征,及其与ENSO事件的关系。结果发现,东南沿海3月降水具有年际变化大和年代际变化明显的特征,与SOI、赤道东太平洋海温和西风漂流区海温存在显著相关。在前一年出现厄尔尼诺现象,北太平洋海温距平分布呈厄尔尼诺分布型,SOI偏低的情况下,东南沿海3月降水偏多;反之,前一年出现拉尼娜现象,北太平洋海温距平分布呈现拉尼娜分布型,SOI偏高时,东南沿海3月降水偏少。前期1月赤道东太平洋关键区海温和前期2月西风漂流区关键区海温的异常变化,对东南沿海3月降水具有很好的指示意义。当前期1月赤道东太平洋关键区海温偏高,前期2月西风漂流区关键区海温偏低时,东南沿海3月降水偏多;反之,东南沿海3月降水则偏少。 相似文献
10.
利用Z指数旱涝分级方法,对1961-2015年齐齐哈尔地区10个台站的月降水资料进行了旱涝等级划分,并根据实际旱涝情况,定义了区域旱涝等级划分标准。研究结果表明,近55 a来齐齐哈尔地区生长季的旱涝等级有向偏涝化发展的趋势,旱涝等级的变化有阶段性特征;齐齐哈尔地区ENSO暖事件次年发生涝的概率较大,冷事件次年发生旱的概率较大,不易涝;齐齐哈尔地区生长季的旱涝等级与前一年8月、11月和当年2-3月的SOI指数正相关显著。当前期SOI指数正异常时,齐齐哈尔地区生长季易旱,反之,SOI指数负异常时,齐齐哈尔地区生长季易涝。 相似文献
11.
The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)??a measure of air pressure difference across the Pacific Ocean, from Tahiti in the south-east to Darwin in the west??is one of the world??s most important climatic indices. The SOI is used to track and predict changes in both the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation phenomenon, and the Walker Circulation (WC). During El Ni?o, for example, the WC weakens and the SOI tends to be negative. Climatic variations linked to changes in the WC have a profound influence on climate, ecosystems, agriculture, and societies in many parts of the world. Previous research has shown that (1) the WC and the SOI weakened in recent decades and that (2) the WC in climate models tends to weaken in response to elevated atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Here we examine changes in the SOI and air pressure across the Pacific in the observations and in numerous WCRP/CMIP3 climate model integrations for both the 20th and 21st centuries. The difference in mean-sea level air pressure (MSLP) between the eastern and western equatorial Pacific tends to weaken during the 21st century, consistent with previous research. Here we show that this primarily arises because of an increase in MSLP in the west Pacific and not a decline in the east. We also show, in stark contrast to expectations, that the SOI actually tends to increase during the 21st century, not decrease. Under global warming MSLP tends to increase at both Darwin and Tahiti, but tends to rise more at Tahiti than at Darwin. Tahiti lies in an extensive region where MSLP tends to rise in response to global warming. So while the SOI is an excellent indicator of interannual variability in both the equatorial MSLP gradient and the WC, it is a highly misleading indicator of long-term equatorial changes linked to global warming. Our results also indicate that the observed decline in the SOI in recent decades has been driven by natural, internally generated variability. The externally forced signal in the June?CDecember SOI during 2010 is estimated to be approximately 5% of the standard deviation of variability in the SOI during the 20th century. This figure is projected to increase to 40% by the end of the 21st century under the A2 SRES scenario. The 2010 global warming signal is already a major contributor to interdecadal variability in the SOI, equal to 45% of the standard deviation of 30-year running averages of the SOI. This figure is projected to increase to nearly 340% by the end of the 21st century. Implications that these discoveries have for understanding recent climatic change and for seasonal prediction are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Omar Abel Lucero 《Atmospheric Research》1998,49(4):337-348
In many regions of the world, planning agricultural and water management activities is usually done based on probabilities for monthly rainfall, taking on values on specified intervals of values. These intervals of monthly rainfall amounts are commonly grouped into three categories: drought, normal rainfall, and abundant rainfall. Changes in the probabilities for occurrence of monthly rainfall amounts within these climatic rainfall categories will influence the decisions farmers and water managers will take (for example, crops to cultivate, flood preparedness, and operations of water reservoirs). This research explores the changes produced by the SO (Southern Oscillation) on the probability that the areal average of monthly rainfall (AAvMR) takes on values belonging to specified climatic rainfall categories. The semi-arid region under study is a major agricultural region in central Argentina; weather effects on agriculture in this region influence the world market of several crops. The evolution of the Southern Oscillation was divided into three phases: LSOI (low Southern Oscillation index phase, that includes ENSO events), NSOI (neutral SOI phase), and HSOI (high SOI phase that includes La Niña–SO events). The following are the criteria defining the three phases of the SO: (1) low SOI (ENSO), where the five-month moving average of the SO index, SOI, is less than −0.5 standard deviation during at least five consecutive months, and is equal to or less than −1 standard deviation during at least one month; (2) high SOI (La Niña–SO), where the SOI is greater than 0.5 standard deviation during at least five consecutive months, and is equal to or greater than 1 standard deviation during at least one month; and (3) neutral SOI (transition between extremes), where the SOI does not correspond to low SOI nor to high SOI. It was found that the Southern Oscillation influences the probability distribution of monthly rainfall only in four months of the year. Findings show that monthly rainfall has a complex response to the evolution of the SO. The response is not restricted to higher probability for occurrence of abundant rainfall or drought categories during low SOI (ENSO) or high SOI (La Niña–SO) episodes, respectively. The LSOI (ENSO) phase influences the AAvMR in several ways: depending on the month, it increases or decreases the probability of the abundant rainfall category. LSOI (ENSO) also increases or decreases, depending on the month, the probability of the normal rainfall category. It also decreases the probability that AAvMR takes on values in the drought category. A similar kind of complex response of monthly rainfall amounts occurs when the active phase is the HSOI (La Niña–SO). The responses are: (1) the probability of the category `drought' increases only in three months of the year, (2) increase or decrease of the probability of the normal rainfall category, depending on the month, and (3) decrease of the probability of the abundant rainfall category. Finally, the effects of NSOI (neutral phase of the SO) are not negligible. Depending on the month, NSOI episodes increase or decrease the probability of drought, or abundant rainfall, or normal rainfall categories. 相似文献
13.
M. L. Shrestha 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2000,75(1-2):21-28
Summary ?Nepal, lying in the southern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau receives about 80% of the total annual rainfall during summer
monsoon (June–September). Rainfall analysis shows that summer monsoon is more active in the southern part of Nepal but in
the high Himalayas and Trans-Himalayan region other weather systems like western disturbances are also as effective as monsoon
in giving rainfall.
The influence of Southern Oscillation (SO) in Nepal monsoon rainfall is found to be very significant. The years with significant
negative (positive) Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) have less (more) rainfall in most of the cases during the 32-year period.
This relationship is also found to vary with time. The years with deficient rainfall are associated most of the times with
negative departure of SOI and the composite chart during these occasions shows about 95% area of Nepal experiencing below
normal rainfall. Likewise at the time of positive departure of SOI, most of the region (94%) experienced above normal rainfall.
There is a good relation between SOI and rainfall over Nepal during monsoon. The correlation coefficient between Nepal monsoon
rainfall and monthly SOI shows a statistically significant in-phase relationship during and after monsoon but poor relation
during the months prior to monsoon season. These results suggest that monsoon plays an active and effective role on the interannual
variability including SOI.
Received December 28, 1999/Revised May 22, 2000 相似文献
14.
In this paper the correlation analysis, factor analysis, fuzzy classification, and principal component analysis (PCA) are performed for the southern oscillation index (SOI) from the Climate Analysis Center (CAC) at the NOAA. It is shown that the 12-month SOI can be classified into two groups: one from January through April and the other from May through December. They differ in persistency and correlation. It is also found that the year of strong or weak SO can be defined by the first principal component of the SOI. The 11 years of weak SO thus defined contain 9 El Nino events.In addition, the relations between the SOI and 500 hPa geopotential height, mean monthly zonal height, mean monthly interzonal height differences, centers of atmospheric activities, characteristics of the atmospheric circulation (the intensity index of the north polar vortex, the area index of the subtropical West Pacific high, mean monthly zonal and meridional circulation indexes in Asia and Eurasia) in the period of 24 months from January through December of the next year have been examined on the basis of the monthly data from 1951 through 1984. The correlation coefficients and Mahalanobis distances are thus presented. Analysis indicates that in the early part of the low SOI year, i.e., in April, the 500 hPa geopotential height north of 75oN is significantly low and then becomes higher in May. It is found that in April the trough of the first harmonic wave is in the Eastern Hemisphere and the contribution of its variance is smaller than in May. Analysis shows that the opposite is true in the high SOI year. Such variation in the height field during the April-May period is an early signal of the SO at higher latitudes.In the end, a statistical prediction model for the SOI is presented, by means of which a low SOI year as well as an El Nino event has been successfully predicted for 1986. 相似文献
15.
Summary Climatic determinants of summer (Nov-Mar) rainfall over southern Africa are investigated through analysis of sea surface temperatures (SST), outgoing longwage radiation (OLR) and tropospheric wind with respect to the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Index-to-field correlation maps are presented at various lags for the austral spring and summer seasons to establish the spatial dependence and evolution of coherent, statistically significant features. The SOI signal is reflected in upper-level zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial Atlantic Ocean during spring. SSTs in the central Indian Ocean are significantly negatively correlated with the SOI in summer. On the other hand, OLR correlations are weak over southern Africa in the summer, implying that the SOI signal may not dominate interannual convective variability.QBO correlations with SST are relatively weak, but with 200 hPa zonal winds over the western equatorial Ocean, positive correlations are noted. A standing wave pattern is described in the sub-tropics. The OLR correlation pattern represents a dipole with increased convection over eastern and southern Africa in contrast to reduced convection over Madagascar when the QBO is in west phase.Contingency analyses indicate that the global indices are unreliable predictors in isolation. However the characteristics and domain of influence of SOI and QBO signals are identified and may offer useful inputs to objective multivariate models for different modes of southern African rainfall variability.With 12 Figures 相似文献
16.
南方涛动指数的多元统计分析及其与北半球500hPa月平均环流的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对美国的CAC南方涛动指数进行了相关分析、因子分析、模糊聚类、主成份分析。指出,月指数可分为二组:1—4月,5—12月,它们的持续性和相关性不相同。还指出,强弱南方涛动可以用涛动指数的第一主成份来定义。 此外,用1951—1984年的月资料讨论了南方涛动指数与当年1月到来年12月的500hPa位势高度场、月平均纬圈高度、月平均纬际高度差、大气活动中心以及大气环流特征量的相互关系。分析表明,在涛动低值年的前期4月份75°N以北的500hPa位势高度明显偏低,5月份偏高;低值年4月第一谐波槽位于东半球并且方差贡献小,5月份一波槽方差贡献大,高值年相反。500hPa位势高度在4—5月的这种变化是涛动在高纬度的一个早期讯号。 最后,我们建立了一个涛动指数的统计预报模式。利用这个模式可成功地预报出1986年的弱涛动并发生El Nino现象。 相似文献
17.
On the relationship of regional meteorological drought with SOI and NAO over southwest Iran 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Amin K. Dezfuli Mohammad Karamouz Shahab Araghinejad 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,100(1-2):57-66
A fuzzy hierarchical clustering technique using the pairwise similarity matrix is employed to find the homogenous climate subregions over southwest Iran, based on the similarity of meteorological drought characteristics (i.e., duration, intensity, onset, and ending dates). The representative subregions are recognized for different rainy seasons; for each, the regional rainfall anomalies are computed. To find appropriate drought predictors, the lag relationships of regional rainfall with seasonal Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are examined using a conditional probability approach. The results suggest a significant negative correlation between autumn rainfall and June–August SOI. The NAO is also negatively correlated with autumn rainfall such that it is least likely for an extreme autumn drought to occur when June–August NAO is negative. A spring drought is preceded by an October–December NAO greater than 0.5. However, winter droughts do not appear to be lag-correlated with either SOI or NAO. In addition to the findings for droughts, these indices also emerged having considerable influence on wet seasons. A wet autumn tends to occur when either May–July SOI is less than ?0.5 or June–August NAO is less than about ?0.3. It is also apparent that the extreme wet springs are absent when October–December NAO is positive. This season is influenced most by NAO in both dry and wet spells. However, similar to droughts, the wet winter seasons are not found to be associated with either SOI or NAO. 相似文献
18.
Summary An investigation of the relationships between New South Wales (NSW) seasonal rainfalls and fluctuations of geopotential height at four Australian radiosonde stations is presented. The connection between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the geopotential height was explored up to the mid-troposphere. The study determined that the 800 and 600 hPa heights at Woomera show stronger and more consistent correlations with winter and spring rainfalls respectively, than occur between SOI and rainfall. The 900 hPa height at Brisbane is also strongly correlated with autumn rainfall for much of coastal NSW. These correlations are found to be stable during high and low phases of the SO cycle. It was found that the effects of the considered geopotential data on rainfall are independent of the influence of the SO phenomenon. The study also found that the fluctuations of geopotential heights at Woomera are related to rainfall variability over a wide region of southern Australia. At Darwin the 800 hPa surface appears to be the highest altitude at which there is any influence from the Southern Oscillation during winter. Furthermore, airmass movement over inland NSW is quite strongly related to SOI but coastal airmass movement is only weakly related to SOI. A mechanism for the influence of the Southern Oscillation on NSW rainfall is suggested.With 9 Figures 相似文献