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1.
四种浸提剂对果园与菜地土壤有效硒浸提效果的对比研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
有效硒是评价土壤中硒对植物供给能力的重要指标,我国目前尚无测试有效硒的国家标准方法。浸提剂的选择对于准确测定有效硒的含量至关重要,本文根据浸提的有效硒与硒形态的关联性来确定最优浸提剂种类。实验中选取了碳酸氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、硝酸和盐酸四种浸提剂,对天津果园和菜地的土壤进行有效硒浸提,采用原子荧光光谱法测定各形态硒的含量,并分别对浸提的有效硒与水溶态+离子交换态+碳酸盐结合态硒的最小值、25%处数据值、中位数、75%处数据值和最大值进行比较分析和差异性检验。结果表明:采用碳酸氢钠和磷酸二氢钾提取菜地土壤有效硒的平均含量均约为0.039mg/kg,高于硝酸和盐酸的提取量;采用碳酸氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、硝酸和盐酸提取果园土壤有效硒的含量依次降低。两种土壤中,磷酸二氢钾浸提有效硒的最小值、25%处数据值、中位数、75%处数据值和最大值与水溶态+离子交换态+碳酸盐结合态硒的含量最为接近,而且无显著差异性。研究认为,0.1mol/L磷酸二氢钾适合作为天津果园和菜地土壤有效硒的浸提剂。 相似文献
2.
电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定土壤中有效硫 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定土壤中有效硫,浸提剂分别为：Ca（H2PO2）2-2mol／LHAc（中酸性土壤有效硫）,5mol／LNaHCO3（碱性土壤有效硫）？研究了ICP-AES对有效硫测定谱线的选择以及浸提温度、静置时间等对浸提结果的影响,酸性土壤滤液直接经ICP—AES测定,碱性土壤滤液经酸化后再测定。方法检出限分别为0．32mg／kg,通过对国家土壤有效态一级标准物质测试,测定结果基本一致;GBW07415、GBW07413标准物质11次测定的相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为3．66％、2．59％。 相似文献
3.
DTPA浸提-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定石灰性土壤中的有效态钴和有效态铅 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
传统的原子吸收光谱和分光光度法测定土壤有效态钴和有效态铅,操作繁琐,且分析效率低,不适用于大量样品的测定;利用先进仪器测定虽然提高了分析效率,但由于浸提剂的浓度影响仪器灵敏度,测定结果不准确.本文用DTPA溶液浸提,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定石灰性土壤中有效态钴和有效态铅的含量.稀释倍数实验表明,浸提液稀释2倍时,石灰性土壤国家标准物质的测定值与标准值基本一致;稀释5倍或10倍时,测定值较标准值偏高;不稀释时,由于浸提液的浓度较高,受到基体干扰,测定值偏低.本方法确定对浸提液稀释2倍进行实验,有效态钴的检出限为0.0130 μg/g,有效态铅的检出限为0.0142 μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=9)小于8％.用土壤国家标准物质进行验证,测定值与标准值的相对误差小于9％(n=9),满足了DD 2005 - 03对土壤样品中有效态钴和有效态铅的测定要求. 相似文献
4.
土壤pH值是土壤酸碱强度的指标,是土壤的基本性质之一,由于土壤成分复杂且内部处于不断交换的过程,其pH值的准确测定较为困难,因此展开影响因素的逐一研究对其pH值的准确测定有着重要意义。本文就实验室玻璃电极法测定土壤pH值过程中的几个重要影响因素展开实验并研究讨论。结果表明,陈化时间对实验室测定土壤pH值影响较大,20天以上的陈化能使土壤pH值稳定;不同方式处理实验用水浸提所测得的土壤pH值基本无差别;浸提时间对样品的测定有很大的影响,应尽量选择浸提时间在30～60 min;液土比过小则浸提液少,过大则稀释效应显著,均不利于pH值的准确测定,通常选择选择液土比为2. 5∶1。 相似文献
5.
沸水浸提-ICP法直接测定土壤有效硼 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤中有效硼的含量直接影响到植物的生长情况,因而有效硼的提取方法至关重要.目前最常用的是国家标准测定方法姜黄素比色法和亚甲胺比色法.但这些方法操作流程长,结果易受外界因素的影响,不宜控制.而用沸水浸提ICP法(ICP即电感耦合等离子体发射光谱技术)来代替比色法,不仅能克服这些缺点,更能使有效硼的分析趋于自动化,使得高效、大规模的土壤有效硼的测定分析成为现实.该法为:称取10g土样,按水土比2:1用沸水浸提15min,稍冷却,立即干过滤,滤液即待测液,直接上ICP测定.实验、实践证明,用该法的结果是可靠的,测定限为0.01μg/g. 相似文献
6.
测定土壤中有效磷的标准方法及通用方法,通常采用酸或碱溶液浸提样品,调节浸提液pH值后用分光光度法测定。该方法过滤操作繁琐、酸碱指示剂二硝基酚颜色易受溶液底色干扰且有毒。对现有方法进行优化创新,提高检测效率,对土壤有效态分析及土壤质量评价具有重要意义。本文比较了不同浸提时间、不同浸提液酸度、不同酸碱指示剂等实验条件对检测结果的影响;采用离心分离代替过滤,使用溴酚蓝作指示剂调节pH。同时对比了溴酚蓝指示剂与标准方法的二硝基酚指示剂的检测结果,吸光度、标准物质准确度、未知样品检测结果均完全一致。研究表明使用溴酚蓝作酸碱指示剂,颜色突变更明显,不易受待测液底色影响,毒性低,测试数据准确。实验条件优化后的方法适用于酸性、中性及石灰性土壤有效磷的快速测定。 相似文献
7.
关中塿土地区土壤pH变化对硒形态及有效性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《西北地质》2020,(1)
以关中塿土为研究对象,选择周至—户县中酸性土壤和三原—阎良偏碱性土壤2个典型地区,采集小麦根系土及小麦籽粒样品,测试分析样品中硒含量及土壤中硒的形态,研究土壤pH变化对土壤中Se含量、硒形态、硒的生物有效性的影响,得出以下结论:①关中塿土pH对Se的含量影响不显著,土壤硒形态以强有机结合态、残渣态及腐殖酸结合态为主,大于80%。有效硒(离子交换态硒+水溶态硒)在偏碱性土壤中大于10%,中性土壤为4.91%,弱酸性土壤为8.17%,呈"山谷型"特征。②有效硒中,pH对水溶态Se含量影响不大,对离子交换态硒影响则更为显著。③与青海、宁夏等富硒地区相比,周至—户县、三原—阎良地区塿土中Se含量相对不高,但三原—阎良地区弱碱性、碱性塿土中种植的小麦富硒率分别达89%、100%,表明偏碱性土壤条件下硒的生物有效性较高,其中弱碱性塿土中硒的有效性最高。 相似文献
8.
为评估土壤盐分化学性质对土壤溶液电导率的影响强度,应用通径分析方法研究了1:5土水比土壤浸提液电导率(EC1:5)与土壤盐分化学性质各要素的关系。研究结果表明:Cl-、K+与Na+、HCO3-是影响土壤浸提液电导率的最重要因素,而pH和SO42-对土壤浸提液电导率的影响很微弱;Ca2+与Mg2+对土壤浸提液电导率的直接通径系数并不高,但由于被其他各化学性质要素的间接效应所增强,使得其对溶液电导率的间接通径系数之和较大。验证结果表明:Cl-、K+与Na+、HCO3-的多元线性函数具有较高精度和良好可靠性。 相似文献
9.
本文以浙江省北部地区205件碱性土壤采用两种浸提方法取得的重金属可浸提量数据为依据,研究了不同浸提方法元素浸提量差异性及其关系,为农业地质环境研究中土壤元素浸提方法的选择及不同浸提方法取得的数据资料的处理与对比提供了技术方法.以105件典型土壤样的土壤类型、土壤理化指标及全量、有效量资料为依据,研究了土壤元素有效量、有效度的影响因素.其成果是环境评价、地球化学灾害预测与防治、合理肥施的科学依据. 相似文献
10.
《矿产与地质》2019,(5)
通过试验建立了一种超声加热浸提技术结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤样品中有效硼的分析方法。实验对浸提温度、浸提时间、试液过滤方式以及测定干扰进行了研究,确定了土壤有效硼的超声浸提最适宜温度为70℃,浸提时间为20min,采用离心加滤膜过滤方式得到待测溶液。在最佳仪器工作条件下,采用103 Rh作为内标元素,选择11B作为测定同位素消除了测定干扰。实验结果表明:本方法检出限为0.009μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.92%～3.10%之间,样品加标回收率为98%～101%。应用本方法对土壤有效态成分分析标准物质GBW07416a、GBW07417和GBW07460进行了分析,测定值与认定值相符。与传统的沸水浸提标准方法相比,操作更为简便快速,无污染,准确度和精密度高,并且具有更低的检出下限,可用于大批量农田区土壤、森林土壤、离子型稀土矿区土壤以及重金属矿区土壤样品中有效硼的测定。 相似文献
11.
高岭土中全硫量快速测定方法 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
采用碳酸钠一氧化镁半熔融一氯化钡滴定法测定高岭土中的硫含量。试样用碱性熔荆半熔，熔块以水浸取，将转化为硫酸盐后的滤液，以玫瑰红酸钠为指示剂，在pH为5．5．7．0的条件下，用氯化钡标准溶液进行滴定。测定结果的RSD=2．47％（n=5），加标回收率为95．2％-100．3％。改进后的方法已用于高岭土中全硫量的测定，结果与国标重量法相符。 相似文献
12.
The distribution pattern of the different forms of sulphur in the coal seams of Meghalaya has been worked out. In general, the total sulphur content is found to increase from the base to the top of a seam. There is also a general trend of upward increase of sulphur content in the seam-wise sequence, i.e. the upper seam is found to contain more sulphur than the seam lying below. Pyritic sulphur shows an upward increasing tendency both intraseam- and interseam-wise. Variation in organic sulphur shows an apparent parallelism with that of total sulphur. A gradual decrease in total sulphur content is also seen in the coals of Meghalaya from east to west within the basin of deposition. This regional lateral variation in sulphur content was due to the more marine nature of the peat-forming swamps of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills (eastern Meghalaya) as compared to that of the Garo Hills (western Maghalaya). 相似文献
13.
J. Aalto 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1984,8(3):297-303
A variational principle and the corresponding finite element equations for determination of the stream function for soil seepage problems is given using the standard finite element potential solution as data. The procedure is very simple and independent of the element type employed. Generalization of the method to multiply connected domains is included. 相似文献
14.
Sulphur isotope data from coexisting sulphides and sulphates from the Taolin Pb-Zn ore deposit have been used to estimate the temperatures of sulphur mineral precipitation. The data indicate that sulphide was the dominant sulphur species in solution at high temperatures and that sulphate was dominant at low temperatures. Also the data show that the δ34S value of total sulphur in solution was close to zero at high temperatures (~325°C) but had high positive values (+15%.) at low temperatures (~250°C). We interpret this phenomenon in terms of the effects of mineral precipitation on the isotopic composition of the solution. The increase in the δ34S value of total sulphur with decreasing temperature was brought about by the removal from the system, by precipitation, of isotopically light sulphides. 相似文献
15.
16.
The analytical solution of soil pore pressure accumulations due to a progressive wave is examined in detail. First of all, the errors contained in a published analytical solution for wave‐induced pore pressure accumulation are addressed, and the correct solution is presented in a more general form. The behaviour of the solution under different soil conditions is then investigated. It is found that the solution for deep soil conditions is sensitive to the soil shear stress in the top thin layer of the soil. However the solution is significantly influenced by the shear stress in the thin layer of soil near the impermeable base, for shallow and finite depth soil conditions. It is also found that a small error in the soil shear stress can lead to a large error in the accumulated pore pressure. An error analysis reveals the relationships between the accuracy of the pore pressure accumulation and the accuracy of the soil shear stress. A numerical solution to the simplified Biot consolidation equation is also developed. It is shown that the error analysis is of significant value for the numerical modelling of pore pressure buildup in marine soils. Both analytical and numerical examples are given to validate the error estimation method proposed in the present paper. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents a semi-analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation of viscoelastic unsaturated soils with a finite thickness under oedometric conditions and subjected to a sudden loading. The solution is obtained by using Lee’s correspondence principle based on the semi-analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation of elastic unsaturated soils. The boundary contains the top surface permeable to water and air and the bottom impermeable to water and air. A typical example is given to show the evolution of excess pore-air and pore-water pressures as well as the total degree of consolidation of the soil layer with time for different ratios of air–water permeability coefficient, elastic modulus and viscoelastic coefficient. The one-dimensional consolidation behavior of viscoelastic unsaturated soil is discussed according to the semi-analytical solution. These results contribute to a better understanding of the consolidation behavior of viscoelastic unsaturated soils. 相似文献
18.
Dynamic Response of Machine Foundation on Layered Soil: Cone Model Versus Experiments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P. K. Pradhan A. Mandal D. K. Baidya D. P. Ghosh 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(4):453-468
This paper presents the experimental validation of analytical solution based on cone model for machine foundation vibration
analysis on layered soil. Impedance functions for a rigid massless circular foundation resting on a two layered soil system
subjected to vertical harmonic excitation are found using cone model. Linear hysteretic material damping is introduced using
correspondence principle. The frequency-amplitude response of a massive foundation is then computed using impedance functions.
To verify the solution field experiments are conducted in two different layered soil systems such as gravel layer over in situ
soil and gravel layer over concrete slab (rigid base). A total 72 numbers of vertical vibration tests on square model footing
were conducted using Lazan type mechanical oscillator, varying the influencing parameters such as depth of top layer, static
weight of foundation and dynamic force level. The frequency-amplitude response in general and in particular the resonant frequencies
and resonant amplitudes predicted by cone model is compared with the results of experimental investigation, which shows a
close agreement. Thus the cone model is reliable in its application to machine foundation vibration on layered soil. 相似文献
19.
Negative skin friction (NSF) along a pile caused by soil consolidation is of great concern to engineers. The development of NSF is time-dependent because soil consolidation is also time-dependent. In this paper, a numerical solution is provided for the development of negative skin friction of a pile in nonlinear consolidated soil under different loads on a pile top. A hyperbolic interface model is also developed. This model considers the development of shear strength during soil consolidation and loading–unloading scenarios at the pile–soil interface. One-dimensional nonlinear consolidation theory is invoked to estimate the soil settlement and shear strength. The distributions of NSF and the axial force along the pile are obtained using the differential quadrature method (DQM). The influences of soil consolidation and different pile loads on the negative skin friction of a pile are discussed. 相似文献