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1.
残疾人就业是提高残疾人社会融入程度的基本保障。本文利用空间计量模型,定量分析经济水平、政府政策、残疾人受教育程度、残疾程度以及残疾人康复服务水平5个因素对中国疾人就业发展的影响程度。在此基础上,运用泰尔指数和空间自相关分析,对2011—2017年中国残疾人就业发展的空间分异特征进行综合评估。结果表明：① 经济水平、政府政策和残疾人受教育程度对残疾人就业水平的提升均具有一定的促进作用,而残疾程度则会在一定程度上抑制残疾人就业的发展。② 2011—2017年中国残疾人就业水平区域总体差异扩大,空间自相关性显著,集聚特征明显;局部关联指数则表明全国残疾人就业水平的热点区和冷点区分布不均衡,空间二元结构显著;③ 残疾人就业水平在空间上呈现“3带、4区”的分布格局,主要表现为从东部沿海向西部内陆逐渐递减的变化趋势,且就业密集区与京津冀、长江三角洲和珠江三角洲三大城市群结构呈现较高的一致性。④ 加快发展地方经济、加大政府扶持力度以及提升残疾人受教育水平是改善中国残疾人就业发展现状的重要途径。 相似文献
2.
Katharine McKinnon Melissa Kennedy Jo Barraket Tracy DeCotta 《The Australian geographer》2020,51(3):361-375
ABSTRACT Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISE) offer supported work environments for people experiencing disadvantage, including people with disability. This paper reflects on a research project that is mapping the ways in which social enterprises in regional Australian cities produce wellbeing for their employees. Through supported employment programs, these organisations are transforming individual lives, helping to build a sense of self-worth and purpose, and increase individuals’ social skills and capacities. Many of the perceived benefits are associated with a belief in the innate good of paid work. Based upon interviews with employees in the social enterprises, it is apparent that the hopes attached to providing ‘meaningful work’ are considerable. At the same time social enterprises are taking on social responsibilities that were once provided by the state, while also selling their services as employers of disabled and disadvantaged members of society and maintaining commercial viability of the enterprise. Using feminist political economy alongside discussion of the distributive economy, this paper explores how contemporary policy conditions, productivist biases and normative discourses about the value of wage work inflect the forms of wellbeing that can be experienced by WISE workers. 相似文献
3.
跨界族群以及由此造成的分离主义运动一直是民族学、社会学与国际关系等学科研究的重点议题。本研究对安哥拉卡宾达飞地分离主义运动的研究着重探讨特殊地理位置为安哥拉政府带来的治理困境。对卡宾达分离主义运动的发展历史进行回顾,发现跨界族群问题是卡宾达分离主义运动产生的根源,而飞地属性则从不同角度增加了安哥拉在治理该问题上的难度,主要表现为未能使当地人产生对安哥拉的国家认同,大幅降低了外部干涉难度以及难以满足该地居民的发展诉求。本研究还认为跨界族群的分离主义思潮看似合理,但其文化特殊性并不一定能转化为分离主义运动的政治合理性。虽然非洲国家很多现有边界存在不合理之处,但对它的改变未必能让跨界族群获得更好的社会经济发展。另外,边界对分离主义组织运行模式的影响也是一个值得深入研究的议题。 相似文献
4.
Ferne Edwards 《The Australian geographer》2007,38(3):279-296
As part of the global ‘rights to the city’ movement and mounting concern over food waste, results are presented here of an ethnographic study of young people in Australia who choose to glean food from supermarket ‘dumpster bins’ and open markets primarily for political reasons. These youth form part of an international ‘freegan’ subculture: the belief in ‘minimising impact on the environment by consuming food that has literally been thrown away’ (Macmillan English Dictionary Online 2002). The study explores the emergence of two related subcultures: ‘Dumpster Diving’ (the act of procuring food from a supermarket dumpster bin for individual consumption) and ‘Food Not Bombs’ (a global-spanning group who collect left-over food from markets to cook and serve to people on the street). The analysis focuses on the ethics embedded within their alternative consumption diets. These findings are analysed in terms of the creation of their alternative identities performed on temporal–spatial terrains, exemplifying the role of the contemporary activist's use of space, place and culture in relation to social issues. 相似文献
5.
运用DEA模型、MI指数及GIS空间分析等方法,探究2012—2016年中国残疾人扶贫效率的时空演化特征与类型,分析残疾人扶贫模式及优化路径,结果显示：① 2012—2016年,全国残疾人扶贫效率整体处于中上等水平,残疾人扶贫高效率区由粤桂两地、环渤海区向东南沿海、京津冀地区以及中部省市转化,扶贫中等效率区分布形态由“小聚集”向“大分散”转变。② 产出变化率空间分布不均,大部分省市实现了脱贫人数较大增长,培训残疾人数变化分布明显,区域聚集性显著。项目贷款扶持贫困残疾人变化差异性大,东高西低,且中等水平数量较多;危房改造项目受益贫困残疾人变化的差异性较为平均,部分聚集性明显。③ 扶贫效率类型差异较大,青、赣、黑为潜力型,扶贫效率偏低,边际递减;闽、琼、宁、沪、蒙、滇、藏、贵、陕、豫、新为朝阳型,扶贫效率偏低,边际递增;湘、川、浙、皖、渝、鄂、甘、辽、吉、粤、京、津、冀为黄金型,扶贫效率较高,边际递增;苏、鲁、桂、晋为夕阳型,扶贫效率较高,边际递减。④ “造血式”扶贫与“输血式”扶贫对残疾人实际脱贫均有正向作用,其中“造血式”的扶贫方式与实际脱贫的密切度更高。 相似文献
6.
Andrew McGregor 《The Australian geographer》1998,29(2):191-203
The media play a vital role in translating new events and experiences into the textual forms that are communicated to the public. As a result, media narratives have become sites of contestation with opposing groups attempting to frame them in a way that suits their political purposes. When a gold mining proposal to be based at Lake Cowal was rejected by the NSW government for ‘environmental reasons’, the reaction of newspapers circulated in townships near the proposed mine site was analysed for the month following the announcement. A pro‐mining regional hegemony dominated the newspaper texts and drew on three powerful myths prevalent in Australian rural society: ‘the rural identity’, ‘the glory of development’, and ‘the duties of democracy’. The pro‐mining groups use these myths to make their interests appear the same as community interests in an effort to silence opposing views and obtain total community support. The manner in which powerful members of the pro‐mining group were permitted to use the newspapers for their own ends brings forth questions of power and objectivity in the media of contemporary society. 相似文献
7.
Statelessness, displacement and exile, far from being particular moments in history, continue to affect the lives of Palestinians living in Sydney, in the maintenance of national identity and community formation. The impacts that displacement and subsequent ‘statelessness’ have had on the ways in which Palestinians maintain a sense of national identity have similarities with those of other ‘displaced’ peoples. Without the recognition of national boundaries to secure national sovereignty (Palestine) and accommodate the continuation of a shared and inherited history, the most significant element through which Palestinian identity is kept ‘alive’ is the one thing that all Palestinians share: a communal sense of injustice which involves being denied the right to live in, or return to, their homeland. Statelessness, nationalism and the now ‘imagined community’ of Palestine are more crucial for Palestinians living in Sydney than more primordial elements of identity, such as language or local community. Statelessness and exile in Australia have constructed a particular sense of Palestinian nationalism. The continuity of Palestinian identity as a primarily political phenomenon is a situation analogous to that of other diasporic refugee communities. 相似文献
8.
Sarah Prout 《The Australian geographer》2004,35(1):95-110
Housing for government‐employed staff in remote Aboriginal communities is a topic that raises considerable debate amongst those whom it affects. Striking at the heart of Australia's effort towards reconciliation and a legacy of policy failure, debate regarding standards and siting of staff housing is highly political in nature. In Burringurrah, Western Australia, two government agencies recently undertook projects to provide staff housing within the community. Each agency approached its projects differently, but in both cases response at the ‘grassroots’ level was negative. This paper argues that a primary, but indirect, influence on ‘community’ satisfaction was the ideological structure of each agency. It follows, then, that understanding this organisational context is crucial to achieving more appropriate housing outcomes in the community. 相似文献
9.
Matthew Wilhelm‐Solomon 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(3):378-395
In January 2012 the residents of an inner‐city tenement building in Doornfontein, Johannesburg, were evicted on a court order. The building was situated in a post‐industrial neighbourhood in which thousands of South Africans and foreign nationals, many blind or disabled, live in unlawfully occupied buildings without access to water, basic sanitation, electricity and waste management services. Such buildings are known in policy discourse as ‘bad buildings’, and informally as ‘dark buildings’, invoking both a sense of developmental failure and spiritual insecurity. In this paper I analyse how urban renewal policies created social divisions and alliances not only among the residents of Chambers, which were channelled along nationalist lines, but also between the able‐bodied and disabled, and produced new social alliances. In particular, I document how a group of blind Zimbabweans experienced threats of violence and accusations of betrayal, as they were offered alternate accommodation by the evicting company because of their disability. I argue here that the pressures of private‐sector housing developments intersected with the insecurities and divisions of inner‐city social spaces and also fostered new alliances. Following the work of Deleuze and Guattari, I invoke the concept of ‘decoding dispossession’, proposing that ongoing evictions and dispossessions are characterized by simultaneous movements of ‘decoding and deterritorialization’ and ‘overcoding‐reterritorialization’. 相似文献
10.
Jianan Shen Tao Cheng 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(9):1785-1805
ABSTRACTDatasets collecting the ever-changing position of moving individuals are usually big and possess high spatial and temporal resolution to reveal activity patterns of individuals in greater detail. Information about human mobility, such as ‘when, where and why people travel’, is contained in these datasets and is necessary for urban planning and public policy making. Nevertheless, how to segregate the users into groups with different movement and behaviours and generalise the patterns of groups are still challenging. To address this, this article develops a theoretical framework for uncovering space-time activity patterns from individual’s movement trajectory data and segregating users into subgroups according to these patterns. In this framework, individuals’ activities are modelled as their visits to spatio-temporal region of interests (ST-ROIs) by incorporating both the time and places the activities take place. An individual’s behaviour is defined as his/her profile of time allocation on the ST-ROIs she/he visited. A hierarchical approach is adopted to segregate individuals into subgroups based upon the similarity of these individuals’ profiles. The proposed framework is tested in the analysis of the behaviours of London foot patrol police officers based on their GPS trajectories provided by the Metropolitan Police. 相似文献
11.
This paper advances the theoretical argument for moving beyond the conventional/alternative divide in the analysis of emerging ‘alternative’ agri-food networks (AAFNs). In order to understand how ‘place’, ‘nature’ and ‘quality’-based food networks emerge and develop, we argue that careful attention needs to be paid to the way in which specific political-economic environments shape the options available to farmers and consumers. Australia's ‘competitive productivism’ is the outcome of an export-oriented economy and a neoliberal political orientation, and this environment affects the development of AAFNs in various ways. Most notably, a case study of farmers that sell at farmers' markets in the State of Victoria shows that the competitive-productivist policies pursued by Australian governments entice some farmers who participate in AAFNs to develop their ideas into higher output businesses tailored to compete in emerging export markets. Other farmers deliberately choose to keep marketing through alternative channels despite competitive-productivist pressures to expand. These findings demonstrate the centrality to the experience of AAFN participants of negotiating productivist pressures, adding nuances to the story of the complex relations between AAFNs and conventional supply chains. 相似文献
12.
In many Western countries, disability assistance programmes have been restructured to encourage paid work. This paper examines the opportunities and barriers facing disabled people entering the labour market. Using data from semi-structured interviews, the study explores employers' conceptualization and treatment of disabled workers. While meaningful accommodation does occur, less promising outcomes are also common. For example, some disabled people face exclusion from service work on grounds that have little to do with the capacity to perform the essential functions of specific jobs. Others face exploitation in downgraded service occupations. Moreover, funding cuts and market discipline in public and non-profit organizations limit their capacity to accommodate disabled workers. While employment can offer material security and social status, successful employment for many disabled people cannot occur without an effective challenge to the contextual constraints of non-accommodating workplaces and labour processes. 相似文献
13.
Bird-watching is an increasingly popular leisure activity. Previous research has taken for granted the identity of people who watch birds, often categorised by their level of skilled practice as ‘dude’, ‘birder’ or ‘twitcher’. Feminist geographers encourage us to explore identity work as an outcome of the reciprocal relationships between practices and place. Our feminist approach illustrates that the practices of bird-watching are always much more than categorising birds as species. This paper illustrates how the practices of bird-watching are integral to the making and remaking of sense of place as ‘home’ and ‘away’, to sustain identities beyond accepted categories of ‘dude’, ‘birder’ and ‘twitcher’. The creation and application of different types of ‘bird-lists’ helps to explain the ways in which practices of bird-watching facilitate making sense of place as simultaneously ‘home’, ‘away’ and habitat, as well as the identity work of home-maker, citizen-scientist and tourist. Our insights into these leisure practices of bird-watching are drawn from analysis of data gathered from 21 people who actively bird-watch and reside on the South Coast, New South Wales, Australia by combining research methods of talking, walking, drawing and photography. 相似文献
14.
Genevieve Simpson 《The Australian geographer》2010,41(3):403-423
Landcare groups in Australia work to increase biodiversity, eliminate invasive species and promote sustainable land-use practices. With the implementation of the Rudd government's ‘Caring for our Country’ policy during 2008–09, financial and organisational resources available to these groups diminished. This paper examines whether the National Landcare Program's initial intentions—that agency support could be provided to ‘kick-start’ the community groups into action with the Landcare groups quickly becoming independent bodies—are ultimately realistic. The results show that the majority of Landcare groups continue to be reliant on government-sourced funding and Landcare facilitators, and that those groups which do not have access to support have reduced their activity levels accordingly. Landcare groups were suffering from a reduced volunteer base, with static or decreasing numbers of participants, an inability to set regular meetings and a lack of volunteers to take up leadership positions. The reliance of Landcare groups on government support suggests that Landcare was an unsuccessful form of state-sponsored community participation, making Landcare groups similar to other volunteer organisations in terms of their functional characteristics and reliance on externally sourced funds. 相似文献
15.
后人文主义视角下的中国地缘政治话语研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
援引后人文主义地理学作为批判地缘政治学的一个延续,以《人民日报》纸媒和官方微博为例,采用NVivo分析和对比分析的方法探讨了“美国反恐”这个当代热点地缘政治话题在两个不同媒体空间被呈现的形式。基于后人文主义思潮对物质的关注,讨论了“人”及其地缘环境认知是否受“物质”(在文中具化为网络技术)影响而动摇其在理解“人地关系”过程中的支配地位。研究发现：一方面网络技术多线参与和呈指数型信息传播的特征使得网络空间出现了多元化的声音并最终呈现出多元和复杂的网络地缘政治景观;另一方面,网络技术迫使当代媒体追求“快”和“新”从而摒弃了传统媒体所强调的权威、真实和逻辑性,取而代之的是情绪化的话语表述,呼应了后人文主义地理学对人以外的要素的关注,讨论了网络技术作为一种物质要素对“人地关系”认知的影响。研究证实,受网络技术及其带来的信息革命的影响,它在一定程度上确实能够对具有主体性的人的地缘认识产生影响。 相似文献
16.
宋代妈祖信仰传播的地理过程及其推力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对宋代妈祖信仰传播的地理空间分布及扩散态势与不同信仰人群间的关联进行分析,认为民间信仰的一种传播和扩散途径是从较低的社会阶层开始,逐步向较高的社会阶层扩散,并随着不同信仰人群的不同行为方式和活动空间特征,向着不同的传播路径进行传播,并形成不同的地理空间分布特征。宋代是妈祖信仰发展的初期,渔民、海员海商和地方士绅官员这些不同的信仰群体在妈祖信仰传播地域扩大过程中先后加入,逐步实现信仰的等级扩散。不同信仰群体对其地域扩散推动方式不同:渔民群体以短距离传染性扩展扩散为主,海员海商群体以长距离迁移扩散为主,士绅官宦群体二者兼而有之。不同信仰群体对信仰地域传播形成的地理分布态势不同。渔民群体产生沿海岸小范围密集型分布,海员海商产生港口集镇分布特征,士绅官宦推动信仰向着政治中心传播。这些不同的传播类型和分布态势与各人群活动地域和行为方式密切相关。 相似文献
17.
Audrey J. Joslin 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(6):617-637
NGOs, government agencies, and green businesses proclaim water fund arrangements in Latin America as successful payments for ecosystem services (PES) systems. Associated success narratives emphasize that PES allows downstream ecosystem service beneficiaries to incentivize upstream land managers to pursue conservation activities. However, recent scholarship questions their on-the-ground influence. This article assesses the success narrative of Quito, Ecuador’s Fondo para la protección del Agua’s (FONAG) as a model water fund PES arrangement. Using a novel perceived directionality framework, the author compares the FONAG claims about its influence to ethnographic evidence from three participating rural communities. The findings suggest that statements of direct, causal influence on local conservation activities overlook local context and ignores nuance within the interactions between program incentives and in community activity. This study urges future assessments of PES arrangements to recognize complexities in political, economic, and social context. 相似文献
18.
Max Nielsen-Pincus Patricia Sussman Drew E. Bennett Hannah Gosnell Robert Parker 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(12):1423-1441
Sense of place, including an individual’s attitudes toward specific geographic settings, is generally predicted to influence willingness to engage in place-protective behaviors. Relatively little research, however, has empirically examined the influence of people’s attitudes toward a place on their willingness to pay for environmental protection. Using the example of a payment for ecosystem services (PES) initiative in the McKenzie River watershed, Oregon, USA, we found that place attitudes were a significant predictor of respondents’ willingness to pay for a program designed to benefit drinking water quality. These results suggest that connecting conservation actions to landscapes that are meaningful to people may increase their financial support for PES and other conservation programs. While program managers have little or no influence over stakeholders’ political ideology, gender, or income, managers may be able to influence prospective PES buyers’ awareness and attitudes through targeted communications, thereby potentially increasing support for place-based conservation efforts. 相似文献
19.
This paper investigates the extent to which entrenched interests of stakeholder groups both maintain water use practice, and may be confronted. The focus is on the agricultural sectors of Yemen and Jordan, where water resource policymakers face resistance in their attempts to reduce water use to environmentally sustainable levels through implementation of water demand management (WDM) activities. Some farmers in both countries that have invested in irrigated production of high-value crops (such as qat and bananas) benefit from a political economy that encourages increased rather than reduced water consumption. The resultant over-exploitation of water resources affects groups in unequal measures. Stakeholder analysis demonstrates that the more ‘powerful’ groups (chiefly the large landowners and the political elites, as well as the ministries of irrigation over which they exert influence) are generally opposed to reform in water use, while the proponents of WDM (e.g. water resource managers, environmental ministries and NGOs, and the international donor community) are found to have minimal influence over water use policy and decisionmaking. Efforts and ideas attempted by this latter group to challenge the status quo are classified here as either (a) influencing or (b) challenging the power asymmetry, and the merits and limits of both approaches are discussed. The interpretation of evidence suggests current practice is likely to endure, but may be more effectively challenged if a long-term approach is taken with an awareness of opportunities generated by windows of opportunity and the participation of ‘overlap groups’. 相似文献