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1.
南海西北部新生代沉积基底构造演化 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在综合分析地质、地球物理、地球化学、古生物学等多方面资料的基础上,将南海西北部海域控制新生代主要沉积盆地的基底划分为5个区:北部湾古生界断堑基底区、莺歌海古生界走滑拉分基底区、琼东古生界断陷基底区、西沙北古生界裂谷基底区、西沙南古生界走滑伸展基底区.通过区域地质分析,初步重建了该海域的大地构造演化历史.该海域新生代沉积基底在前新生代时期与其北面陆上云开地区和其南面的南沙地区同处于特提斯构造域中,经历过古特提斯和中特提斯的发育历程,晚古生代以来可初步分为5个阶段:(1)D-P1,古特提斯东段多岛洋体系发育阶段;(2)P2,中特提斯(古南海)开始出现、古特提斯开始消减阶段;(3)T-K1,古特提斯东段多地块缝合阶段;(4)K2-N11,现代南海形成、中特提斯(古南海)消亡时期;(6)N12以来南海扩张停止、澳大利亚板块向北俯冲挤压阶段. 相似文献
2.
南海及邻区前中生代构造演化与东特提斯构造域 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以南海及邻区的前中生代地层分布研究为基础,划分了该区域前中生代的褶皱基底分区.其中,晋宁期褶皱基底主要分布于琼南地块和昆嵩地块,围绕其周缘发育的依次有加里东期、海西期等褶皱变质基底,从华南大陆向东南沿海,其基底也依次由老变新.在基底分区及前人已有资料的基础上,对该区的前中生代的缝合带的分布进行了研究,认为在海南岛的九所-陵水构造带、西沙北海槽、中央海盆的北侧可能存在一条“琼南缝合带”,作为马江缝合带的东延.前中生代的构造演化主要经历两个大的地质时期,即原特提斯和古特提斯时期,构造演化的特点主要是各地块的多次碰撞与张裂作用,最终形成了多个变质褶皱基底和多条古缝合带.软流圈的对流作用可能是控制各地块多次碰撞与张裂作用的主要动力机制. 相似文献
3.
波斯湾海域古生界蕴藏着巨大的天然气资源。从区域构造演化出发,对该区古生界胡夫组的沉积特征进行分析,建立了"大型缓斜坡碳酸盐岩台地"沉积模式,提出了该区古生界"源-相-势"复合控藏的成藏规律,并指明了下一步勘探方向。研究表明,波斯湾海域胡夫组主要发育台地与台地边缘相区,从波斯湾西北部向东南部依次发育局限—蒸发碳酸盐岩台地、开阔碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘浅滩—生物礁,纵向上主要为灰岩、白云岩和膏盐的互层沉积。开阔碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘浅滩—生物礁为有利储层发育相带。波斯湾海域志留系古赛巴段热页岩烃源灶分布及规模控制着胡夫组油气分布与资源规模。胡夫组沉积相带控制油气平面富集区,膏盐盖层控制油气藏纵向与平面分布。热页岩生烃灶周围的低势能古基底高与盐拱构造是古生界主要的油气聚集带,同时,储层物性、油气运移与保存条件是古生界油气成藏的关键。根据资料分析,波斯湾海域南海湾盐次盆胡夫组发育大量盐拱背斜圈闭,且志留系古赛巴段烃源岩与胡夫组圈闭叠合性好,成藏条件优越。该盐拱构造带预测资源量巨大,为波斯湾海域古生界有利勘探方向。 相似文献
4.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(3)
古地貌的构造格局控制了物源体系和沉积体系的发育,对其研究有利于确定油气勘探目标。基于西沙海域丰富的地震资料、钻井资料以及高精度的多波束资料,重点经过去压实校正和古水深校正之后,恢复西沙海域中中新世早期的古地貌。该时期的古地貌显示:西沙海域以两个近北东向的西沙、广乐隆起为纽带串联周缘的深水区域,西沙隆起和广乐隆起之上水体较浅,处于滨海环境,利于碳酸盐岩的沉积。西沙隆起之上岛屿众多,岛屿之间以洼地相隔,为需要地势高点生长的生物礁的发育创造了条件,西沙隆起南部于渐新世发育大量的火山,后期多演化为孤立的台地,隆起周缘多以陡坡为主。而广乐隆起之上地势开阔、平坦,隆起南、北两侧的斜坡有一定的差异,具有"南陡、北缓"的特点,其北部斜坡地貌复杂,发育至少三组近平行的水道,利于碳酸盐岩碎屑的搬运和沉积,活跃于渐新世的断裂控制古地貌的空间格局,同时,生物礁碳酸盐岩的发育以及其碎屑的搬运和沉积作用对地貌的不断改造,造就了该时期的地貌形态。 相似文献
5.
本文综合分析了东海及南海北部海域的地质、地球物理、航磁和钻探等资料,认为东海陆架盆地西缘断裂和北卫—神孤断裂西侧海域盆地的基底大地构造性质和新生代沉积盆地的类型及演化特征均有所不同:西北部海域盆地的基底是华南加里东构造带伸向海域的部分,东南部海域的东海陆架盆地,老第三系至下中新统具有地槽型的沉积特征,晚第三纪至早更新世时期的造山运动接连发生,盆地中央部分上中新统一上新统也被挤压成一系列的长垣型褶皱和逆断层的伴生,很显然,这里是台东纵谷以西的台湾喜山褶皱构造带向北东方向伸向海域的部分,该带继续向北东方向可延伸到日本西南海域的五岛列岛和朝鲜海峡的对马岛一带. 相似文献
6.
华北板块东部新生代断裂构造特征与盆地成因 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：19
华北板块东部新生代的构造特征及动力学演化主要受左行郯庐断裂带和右行兰考-聊城-台安-大洼-法哈牛断裂带的控制。这两条断裂都是新生代岩石圈断裂。在兰考-聊城-台安-大洼-法哈牛断裂带以西,新生代伸展盆地为NNE走向的铲形正断层控制的箕状断陷;两断裂之间为北断南超的NWW走向的断陷盆地;郯庐断裂以东的北黄海盆地为南断北超的Nww走向的断陷盆地。这些构造特征继承了该区中生代的构造格局,但其构造性质发生了根本变化,在这两条走滑方向相反的断裂带控制下,这两条断裂带内古近纪以张扭作用下的裂陷为主,随后以伸展断陷为主,第四纪沿两断裂带局部发生挤压,而鲁西地块和渤海湾盆地区仍然为伸展正断。渤海湾盆地及邻区这些新生代复杂的断块或断裂构造格局受控于应力-应变-基底格局3个基本要素。 相似文献
7.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2014,(6)
通过对我国海域最新的地质地球物理调查资料进行解释分析,并结合近十年来的编图成果,概要论述了研究区的地球物理场以及宏观地质特征,总结了中国海及邻域的宏观构造演化过程。研究表明:中国海及邻域所在的欧亚板块可进一步分为东亚大陆构造域和东亚大陆边缘构造域,地质构造复杂;印支运动结束了古全球构造阶段转而进入新全球构造阶段,从而奠定了中国海及邻域形成演化的基础;古全球构造阶段是由北向南发展,北老南新;新全球构造阶段是由南向北、自西向东发展,南早北晚,西老东新;从古全球构造阶段到新全球构造阶段,不同地区不同块体的发展存在同序时差。 相似文献
8.
开平凹陷位于珠江口盆地珠Ⅱ坳陷西南部深水油气勘探区,处于南海北部陆缘洋陆过渡带。由于该区构造特征极为复杂,加之油气勘探及研究程度较低,因此针对该区开展裂陷演化及沉积充填特征与烃源发育条件的分析研究,对于油气勘探及其油气地质评价等均具有重要的参考借鉴意义。基于开平凹陷研究区的高分辨率三维地震资料,重点对该区洼陷结构和断裂体系进行了深入解剖,系统阐述了古近纪断裂展布特征,并对研究区主干断裂活动特征进行了定量分析,探讨了古近纪裂陷期断裂体系演化规律及沉积中心迁移过程,并运用平衡剖面技术,恢复了开平凹陷古近纪以来的裂陷演化过程。研究表明开平凹陷古近系表现出“北断南超”的构造格局,裂陷期发育NE-NEE向和NWW向两组主要断裂,控制了凹陷构造变形及沉积充填特征,其控洼断层具有拆离伸展的断裂特征。尚须强调指出,开平凹陷主干断层活动强度整体表现为早始新世文昌期逐渐增强,晚始新世恩平期减弱并停止的特征,在始新世文昌组-恩平组沉积期发生过多次沉积中心迁移。因此,根据断裂体系展布特征和平衡剖面分析结果,综合判识确定开平凹陷是在南海北部陆缘晚中生代构造变形基础之上形成的新生代伸展断陷盆地,其裂陷演化过程经历... 相似文献
9.
黄海海域地质构造特征及其油气资源潜力 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
姚伯初 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(2):85-93
综合前人的研究成果,利用2000年以来在黄海采集的综合地球物理资料,结合我国及邻国在该海域的钻井成果,分析和讨论了黄海地区从古生代至新生代的构造演化历史;对南、北黄海沉积盆地形成的构造背景和盆地的构造类型进行了研究,认为在古生代它们是台地相沉积,中生代和新生代是张裂盆地;通过对我们采集的地震剖面之分析和研究,认为盆地中的中生界和古近系发育了良好的烃源岩,新近系发育了良好的区域盖层,储层在盆地中普遍发育。因此,在南、北黄海沉积盆地中可以找到中、小型油气田。另外,对盆地中的古生界应加强研究,在保存较好并且中新生代沉积较薄的地方做探查工作,应该有一定的油气前景。 相似文献
10.
印支运动以后,在现今的南海及其周围存在过2个古海洋,其中晚侏罗世一早白垩世消失于南海北部陆缘区、北巴拉望-礼乐滩-南沙地块以北的古海洋为“中特提斯”,而早第三纪期间消失于南沙地块以南沙捞越一带的古海洋为“古南海”。它们的结束时间和消失的古地理位置完全不同。对它们的正确识别和区分,对目前进行的南海周边地区中一新生代构造演化研究极为重要。对马来半岛、加里曼丹岛中生代岩相古地理资料的整理和分析结果支持如下结论：中特提斯洋的延伸是从苏门答腊的Woyla缝合线,过婆罗洲的Meratus缝合线。然后绕西南婆罗洲地块至加里曼丹岛的西北(Lupar带或者Boyan带),进入南海西南角(南沙-礼乐滩-北巴拉望地块等以北),再接南海北部陆缘区内的中特提斯缝合线。该区中生代海相地层的分布明显受构造演化的控制,整体趋势是向南退缩。印支运动以前、早-中三叠世的海侵广泛分布于古特提斯带及以南地区,涉及华南,中南地块,马来半岛及以南地区;印支运动基本结束了古特提斯带的海侵,因此晚三叠世一早侏罗世的海侵主要限于中特提斯海域及以南地区,如与中特提斯洋相邻的陆域,包括华南的湘赣粤海湾晚三叠世一早侏罗世的海侵、中南半岛东南部早侏罗世的海侵以及新加坡早侏罗世的海相地层。白垩纪海相地层主要分布于中特提斯以南地区,如加里曼丹岛。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
20.