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1.
针对多个综放采场出现的支架立柱压爆、油缸变形等异常矿压显现,通过对综放采场上覆岩层的运动范围及运动特点、顶板结构动态稳定性的分析,探讨了综放工作面异常压力产生的机理。得出了顶板结构局部铰接失稳（滑落失稳）是造成异常压力主要原因的结论。由于滑落失稳的原因不同,可分为水浸蚀型、地质构造型和顶板失稳型。通过对综放采场支架作用力的分析,给出了计算异常压力的公式。利用顶板结构动态稳定性判断准则,可对异常压力的类型进行判别,从而进一步确定异常压力的计算方法,为采场支架选型和现场控制异常压力提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
针对软弱厚煤层综放开采沿空留巷动压显现明显,顶板易出现不均匀切顶下沉等问题。通过现场调研、理论分析和数值模拟,阐明了软弱厚煤层综放开采沿空留巷动压显现特征和变形机制,提出了软弱厚煤层沿煤层顶板布置沿空留巷变形协同支护体系。研究结果表明：综放开采采出厚度大,沿煤层底板留巷时沿空留巷煤层顶板承载能力差,“底板−巷旁支护体−顶板”支护体系载能力不协调,是造成软弱厚煤层沿空留巷产生大变形的主要原因;沿煤层顶板留巷变形协同支护体系的提出提高了沿空留巷帮部、顶底板及巷旁支护体的协同承载能力,可有效地保证软弱厚煤层沿空留巷的围岩稳定。研究成果在古城煤矿的成功应用,证明了该支护体系在软弱厚煤层综放沿空留巷中的可行性。 相似文献
3.
研究分析了综采放顶煤采煤工作面顶板、顶煤在支承压力的作用下活动和运移规律,总结出综放采煤工作面支架—围岩关系和采面围岩的空间分区特点,对综采放顶煤控制顶板、改善顶煤的冒放性有一定的参考作用。 相似文献
4.
随着煤炭开采深度的增加,深部复杂条件下开采的水害问题日益严重。复杂条件下煤层回采过程顶底板破坏动态监测对于工作面突水预测、采煤方法改进等具有重要意义。本文基于并行电法监测技术,结合双模式电极数据采集方式,同时在采煤工作面进行煤层顶、底板全空间地电场特征监测研究,获得了煤层围岩顶底板采动前后电阻率及自然电位同步响应特征。研究表明:顶底板跨孔电阻率监测动态变化可以显示孔间电阻率随采煤工作面逐步推进的动态变化情况,可有效表征顶底板破坏带发育范围,同时顶板垮落造成的电阻率变化程度大于底板破裂引起的电阻率变化程度;自然电位数据可分辨顶、底板岩层及裂隙张合形态、以及破裂程度,研究区域内顶板自然电位值明显高于底板自然电位值,且顶板的破裂引起的自电位变化强度明显大于底板破裂引起的自电位变化。采用多参数对煤层顶底板采动破坏进行同步动态监测,对保障采动工作面安全回采具有现实应用价值。 相似文献
5.
断层破裂带附近采场采动效应的流固耦合分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
矿井底板突水是一个复杂的多物理场耦合问题,结合含断层破裂带条件下采场开采的工程背景,通过离散元流固耦合分析,研究了采场工作面推进过程中断层带的变形与受力情况以及底板支承压力、渗流矢量和渗流速度的动态发展规律和分布特征。相关模拟结果表明,采场中煤层的开采与断层破裂带之间是相互影响的,以支承压力为代表的采动应力是底板破坏形成导水裂隙带及断层“活化”突水的一个主要诱因,而断层的存在也使得工作面与断层带范围内的围岩应力更加集中,增大了底板破坏突水的危险性。采动过程中,底板破坏所形成的导水裂隙带主要集中在工作面前方及下方围岩中,这些区域渗流速度较大,是形成突水的主要通道。 相似文献
6.
针对孤岛工作面煤层开采底板损伤问题,以河北葛泉煤矿11913孤岛工作面为研究对象,采用微震方法分析其底板破坏深度;并通过数值模拟对首采、跳采及孤岛3种工作面回采过程中围岩采动应力与底板破坏的规律进行了对比分析。微震测试结果显示11913工作面回采过程中微震事件主要发生在下巷,识别出工作面最大破坏深度20~25 m;基于COMSOL的11912首采、11914跳采及11913孤岛3个工作面数值模拟结果显示,11912首采与11914跳采条件下煤柱地应力集中状态变化不大,最大破坏深度小于11.56 m,仅发育至工作面底板的注浆改造层内部;而11913孤岛回采条件下,受到重复采动影响,工作面两侧煤柱应力集中状态骤增,最大破坏深度剧增至23 m,已发育至煤层底板的本溪组灰岩含水层。研究结果对于华北型煤田下组煤层开采底板破坏规律分析与不同类型工作面回采条件下底板水害防治有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
7.
为了研究黄陇煤田综采放顶煤（综放）采煤工艺条件下的导水裂缝带高度及其发育规律,系统收集区内各矿井实测数据资料,采用数理统计和回归分析方法研究导水裂缝带高度与工作面宽度、煤层埋深以及采高的相关关系。研究结果表明:工作面宽度小于240 m且煤层采高为8.5~9.5 m时,软弱覆岩裂采比和导水裂缝带高度恒大于中硬覆岩;工作面宽度大于90 m且煤层采高大于14.5 m时,软弱覆岩裂采比和导水裂缝带高度恒小于中硬覆岩。综放软弱顶板裂采比和导水裂缝带高度随采高增大均呈单峰状,裂采比是采高的二次函数,导水裂缝带高度是采高的三次函数。裂采比最大为30.63倍,拐点处采高3.56 m;导水裂缝带高度最大为239.97 m,拐点处采高10.41 m。由拐点向两侧采高分别减小或增大时,裂采比和导水裂缝带高度均逐渐减小。综放中硬顶板裂采比和导水裂缝带高度受工作面宽度和煤层采高的共同影响。在工作面宽度一定时,裂采比随着煤层采高增大而逐渐减小且变化幅度越来越小,大致趋于[11.00,14.30]数值区间;在煤层采高一定时,工作面宽度越大裂采比越大。导水裂缝带高度随着工作面宽度和煤层采高增大而增大。 相似文献
8.
煤层开采过程中巷道围岩会发生变形、移动与破坏,其动态变化特征对巷道设计、支护等技术参数的选择具有重要的参考意义。论文结合淮南矿区某工作面回采进程,在煤巷中布设测试断面,通过钻孔布置分布式光纤传感器,对煤岩层变形与破坏过程中产生的应变参数进行实测与分析,讨论断面空间岩层变形发育规律及其采动影响特征。井下2个监测钻孔的16组监测数据分析结果表明:工作面回采过程中,底板岩层受采动影响发生变形产生位移特征明显,且受岩层界面控制,变形位置多自层面开始逐渐发育,探查区底板岩层破坏的最大深度达14.1 m,与电阻率CT结果基本一致,且超前应力显现明显,整体监测效果良好。认为分布式光纤测试技术可精确分辨采动作用下岩层的变形演化过程,有利于研究不同条件下岩层受力后发生变形及破裂的规律。 相似文献
9.
巷旁切顶打断了巷道与采场下位顶板的连续性,促进了采场顶板垮落形成碎石帮,深入研究切顶对采场下位岩层垮落特征的影响机制具有重要意义。对采场支架载荷进行了分析,并对上覆岩层建立了力学建模,明确了上覆岩层运动与典型位置采场支架载荷特征的关系。在此基础上,针对6个巷旁切顶的工作面,给出了典型位置支架的载荷数据,从而分析得到巷旁切顶对采场下位岩层垮落特征的影响机制。同时,建立了数值模型,分析了不同的切顶起始位置和下位顶板强度对下位岩层垮落特征的影响。结果表明,121工法的“垮落线”具有对称的弧形边界,110工法的“垮落线”在切顶侧向工作面充分移动,N00工法介于上述两者之间。此外,不同切顶起始位置和顶板强度条件下,切顶的作用效果存在差异。研究结果有利于进一步深化巷旁切顶对采场下位岩层垮落特征影响的认识。 相似文献
10.
为研究深部近距离煤层群下向卸压开采高应力演化的特征,根据潘二煤矿深部近距离煤层群8煤和6煤地质与开采技术条件,设计了下向卸压开采的二维相似材料模拟试验模型,对8煤和6煤开采引起的采动应力进行监测。系统分析了8煤下向开采与6煤开采后的采场围岩采动应力、岩层运移及不规则煤柱对采动应力演化的影响,获得了近距离煤层群8煤下向卸压开采的顶底板采动高应力演化特征及6煤回采期间覆岩运移、采动应力裂隙演化和来压特征,得出了下向卸压开采不规则煤柱对采动应力、裂隙分布的影响规律。研究不仅为以采动高应力演化为主导作用的煤岩动力灾害防治提供了理论基础,也为卸压开采采场参数设计与优化提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
11.
Borehole stress monitoring analysis on advanced abutment pressure induced by Longwall Mining 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nong Zhang Nianchao Zhang Changliang Han Deyu Qian Fei Xue 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(2):457-463
The paper presented the research on the dynamic advanced abutment stress induced by longwall mining with borehole stress meters on mining side coal mass. Twenty vibrating wire borehole stress meters were installed into the extracting coal mass wall of a first mining roadway of 910 m depth in Zhuji Coal Mine, China, and were used to monitor dynamic changes in vertical and horizontal stresses. Three months of continuous monitoring and further analysis showed that the impacting distance of advanced abutment stress induced by mining in the strike of the working face along its central axis was the farthest, greater than 250 m (the face length is 220 m); it gradually decreased in the radial direction of the face from its central axis outward; the pressure peak was located within 24 m in the front of the mining coal wall; non-synchronous caving of the layered mudstone roof at the stope occurred. Comparison between vertical and horizontal stress increments indicated that the horizontal stress was much smaller than the vertical stress in the coal mass of mining side, while the latter’s magnitude determined the drastic degree of mine pressure manifestation. The study has been applied to determine the advanced support length of the working face and further provide a reliable basis to forecast such dynamic disasters as rock burst, coal and gas outburst, etc., as well as to design the asymmetric supports on both sides of a gateway. 相似文献
12.
Zhongchang Wang Xinping Guo Chuan Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3399-3409
To master the laws of strong strata behavior of Tashan coal mine under Carboniferous coal mining process, the laws of strong strata behavior in 8107 working face was measured and analyzed. It was shown that the average initial weighting step of 8107 working face was 59.4 m. The average periodic weighting step of main roof was 16.2 m. The maximum working resistance during periodic weighting was 14,711.1 kN. The maximum working resistance during non-periodic weighting was 11,339.9 kN. The average dynamic load factor K during periodic weighting was 1.31. The stress of coal column on the side of the goaf could be divided into four zones (stress stabilization zone, stress slow-increasing zone, significant—increasing stress zone, stress reduction zone) along the strike of 8107 working face. There was a peak of lateral support pressure along the trend of 8107 working face. And the peak position was biased to the side of return airway roadway. With the increase of the distance from the down-side of return airway, the pressure peak of the inner coal body along the strike of 8107 the working face increased and the peak position decreased from the coal wall. The peak stress of coal column tended to be close to the up-side of return airway. And the distance from the down-side of return airway for the peak of inner coal was larger than that for the peak of coal pillar. The peak position of abutment pressure of hard roof was in the range of 10–25 m in front of 8107 working face under full mechanized mining extra thickness coal seam conditions. The relative stress concentration coefficient of k was 1.3–6.5. The range of 10–25 m from the front of the working face to coal wall was stress reduction zone. And the influence range of abutment pressure was about 80 m. It was of great significance to the control and practice of the surrounding rock of the stope for the mining of the hard extra-thick coal seam. 相似文献
13.
不同岩性顶板回采工作面矿压分布规律 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用数值模拟技术和现场矿压观测系统,研究了不同岩性顶板回采工作面矿压分布规律及其显现特征。结果表明,在煤炭开采过程中,不同岩性顶板回采工作面最大支承应力存在一定差异,在强度较高的砂岩顶板岩体中,支承压力大,工作面前方支承压力峰值距工作面距离小,初次来压步距和周期来压步距大,矿压显现强烈;而在强度较低的泥岩顶板区,顶板岩体不能和砂岩骨架层一样抵抗覆岩压力,且支承压力小,支承压力的峰值向回采工作面前方岩体内部推移,初次来压步距和周期来压步距小,矿压显现不明显。 相似文献
14.
断层面摩擦强度是评价煤炭开采中应力扰动诱发断层滑动危险性的依据。依托晋城矿区成庄井田,采用理论分析和数值模拟计算方法,分析了断层面摩擦强度对深部地应力的约束机制,研究了成庄井田F13断层及其在不同摩擦强度条件下对回采工作面顶板稳定性、超前支承压力分布和断层滑动的影响规律。研究结果表明:地壳深部最大与最小主应力比值受断层面摩擦强度的限制,当其达到临界方向断层的摩擦强度极限时,断层就会发生滑动;断层破碎带的存在导致初始应力场扰动,形成断层带低应力区及高应力集中区,在回采过程中将直接影响煤层顶板移动变形和采动应力分布;断层面摩擦强度较小时,工作面开采至断层附近顶板下沉量及断层上下盘错动位移较大,支承压力峰值由大变小明显,断层面上剪应力与正应力的比值易达到断层面的摩擦系数,断层滑动的危险性较大。 相似文献
15.
断层对顶板稳定性影响相似模拟试验研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
通过相似模拟试验方法分析了不同倾向高角度正断层, 在采动影响下顶板岩体变形破坏和矿压分布规律。结果表明, 在采动影响下断层“活化”,断层带及其影响范围内的岩体破碎, 表现为周期断裂步距小, 冒落带高, 尤其是断层下盘, 顶板稳定性差; 当工作面开采到离断层面22.5~ 30 m时, 直到断层位置的前方煤体中支承压力增大, 煤体被压碎, 且随着距断层面距离的缩小, 支承压力的峰值位置向工作面前方转移; 通过断层后, 顶板岩体中支承压力减小, 比无断层存在的情况要低。 相似文献
16.
Yushun Yang Dongming Zhang Xin Bai Han Yang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(4):2087-2095
In this paper, based on the field test of No.S3012 working face of Shan Mushu Coal Mine in Sichuan Coal Group, monitoring the abutment pressure and gas drainage flow during the mining process, studying the change law of the abutment pressure and gas drainage flow of the coal seam, and using the numerical simulation method research on the evolution of abutment pressure and displacement of coal seam during the mining process. The results shown that: with the advance of coal mining face, the abutment pressure of coal seam can be divided into stress decreasing area, stress increasing area and original stress area, and the stress state of coal seam and the pore, crack structure and permeability of coal body are obviously changed. With the advance of the mining face, the abutment pressure in front and back of the coal mining face is the moving abutment pressure, and the coal mining face to be in the pressure relief area, the front abutment pressure peak value deep into the coal body 5–10 m, the influence scope reaches the front coal mining face to 90–100 m, this area is the stress increasing area. And the evolution law of the roof displacement of goaf is similar to the elliptical with the axial ratio changes, when the ratio is close to 1, the roof subsidence affected area is similar to the shape of “O”. 相似文献
17.
Intensive strata behaviors are generated when the No. 8707 working face of the 8# coal seam in a coal mine is advanced by way of the pillars left over of the upper part of 7# close distance coal seam. The theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and filed measurement were utilized to obtain the rule of the stress change when the 8707 working face of the 8# coal seam passes the pillars left over of the 7# coal seam. Meanwhile, a pressure-relief mining (PRM) technology was put forward. According to the research results, when the 8707 working face in the 8# coal seam was advanced to the position that was 20 m in front of the pillar left over, the abutment pressure reached the maximum for 26 MPa and the stress concentration factor was 3.25, which was likely to give rise to the rock burst. With the advance of the working face, the abutment pressure was reduced slowly. As the 8707 working face advanced 15 m away the pillar left over, the transfixed shear failure region of 45° was found in the bedrocks of the upper and lower coal seams, which was readily to give rise to the shear rupture, leading to the rock burst. Based on the aforementioned research, this research carried out the PRM by applying the hydraulic fracturing technology on the coal roof and pillar, which can ensure the safety and efficient mining of working faces. 相似文献
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为保障厚煤层综采工作面回撤巷的安全使用,以鄂尔多斯纳林河二号井31102工作面回撤巷强矿压显现为背景,通过现场监测与理论分析相结合的方法,对厚煤层综采工作面开采过程中回撤巷强矿压显现进行研究。结果表明:厚煤层综采工作面回撤巷强矿压显现,主要为工作面采动引起的超前支承压力、相邻采空悬顶引起的双向支承应力,以及回撤巷开掘引起的静载三者耦合作用的结果。根据强矿压发生机理,提出回撤巷道及相邻巷道钻孔卸压和补强支护相结合的控制方案,使其处于“强支、强卸”状态。在相邻31103工作面回撤巷实施强矿压控制技术,通过现场观测和数据分析,表明强矿压控制技术效果良好,可有效保障回撤巷的安全使用。 相似文献
20.
断裂结构面对回采工作面矿压及顶板稳定性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对现场观测和数值模拟分析,系统研究了断裂结构面对回采工作面矿压分布和顶板稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,回采工作面顶板断裂结构面有3种典型组合类型,即“正三角形”结构、“川字形”结构和“倒三角形”结构。在工作面开采过程中,“正三角形”结构顶板稳定性差;“倒三角形”结构顶板稳定性好;而“川字形”结构顶板能形成结构平衡且稳定。由于断层使介质不连续,导致初始应力场挠动,局部产生附加应力,在断层带附近形成低压力区和高应力集中区带,比较明显的影响范围距断层面大约10~30 m。当工作面推进到高应力集中区带时,工作面前方煤(岩)体中支承压力明显增大,支承压力峰值位置向前方煤岩体中转移,易于发生冒顶事故和其他矿井动力地质现象;当工作面推进到低应力区带时,压力峰值降低,顶板稳定性差。 相似文献