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1.
2002～2003年长白山火山区的水平运动缺乏中心对称性分布特征,本文采用同一深度沿三个互相垂直方向拉张的点源模式模拟了长白山火山区的岩浆囊压力变形源. 在介质参数为Vp＝6.700 km/s,Vs＝3.8700 km/s,ρ＝2900 kg/m3的均匀弹性半空间中, 联合利用2002～2003年长白山火山区的GPS观测数据和水准数据, 结合PSGRN/PSCMP代码和遗传算法反演长白山火山区的压力变形源特征. 反演结果表明,由三个垂直的不等量扩张方向确定的椭球状点源模型可以较好地模拟长白山火山区岩浆囊压力变形源. 岩浆囊深处9.2 km,在走向为34.4°,倾角为82.2°的断层面的法向方向体积扩张量最大,达到7000000 m3;在走向为3028°,倾角为78.5°的断层面的法向方向体积扩张量次之,达到6598071 m3;在走向为337.7°,倾角为14.0°的断层面的法向方向体积扩张量最小,达到5220160 m3. 相似文献
2.
地壳的非弹性变形以及岩浆与岩石变形的关系是近年构造物理研究的一个热点。文中主要研究火山区的地表形变以及应力场问题,设计了含有岩浆囊的上地壳有限元模型。该模型计算结果与Mogi模型的对比表明,有限元模型不仅可以实现Mogi模型的结果①,而且有很多优势:主要表现在地表对不同岩浆囊形状的响应;区域平面应力场和剖面应力场的体现以及应力场、位移随时间的变化趋势。利用该模型对比分析了岩浆囊半径差异以及岩浆囊深度差异导致的不同形变结果,认为在上地壳浅部,当岩浆囊半径小到一定程度(如0.5km),地表垂向位移的变化受岩浆囊压力变化的影响较小。同时,初步分析了区域最大应力场的分布与实测火山地震分布的关系,发现有较好的对应关系;模拟对比了只有构造应力场和带有岩浆上拱的构造应力场,发现后者导致了最大剪应力场的逐渐增大 相似文献
3.
利用面波层析成像和远震接收函数方法对长白山地区的地壳上地幔速度结构进行了研究。结果表明:长白山火山区附近存在岩石圈减薄、上地幔软流圈增厚以及上地幔S波速度降低等与上地幔高温物质有关的现象,它表明长白山的岩浆系统一直延伸到上地幔软流圈范围。天池火山区地壳内部存在明显的S波低速层,在离天池火山口较近的WQD台附近,低速层顶部埋深约8km,厚度近20km,S波最小速度约2.2km/s。在距离天池火山北部50km的EDO台地壳中没有明显的低速层。火山区S波速度结构总体表现出距离天池越近,地壳的V_P/V_S越大,低速层的厚度和幅度增加的特征,表明天池火山口附近地壳内部存在高温物质或岩浆囊。CBS台站不同方位的接收函数及反演结果表明,地表低速层厚度以及莫霍面深度存在随方位的变化。地表低速层在南部方向明显较厚,莫霍面深度在南部天池火山口方向存在小幅度抬升。CBS台站附近特殊的近地表速度结构可能是该台站记录的火山地震波形主频较低的主要因素。天池火山口附近莫霍面的小幅度抬升意味着存在与火山作用有关的壳幔物质交换通道 相似文献
4.
地震、形变、火山气体地球化学等观测结果表明2002~2005年长白山天池火山经历了1次扰动事件。长白山站地震台（CBS台）记录到了扰动事件前后连续稳定的宽频带地震观测资料。前人的观测研究结果认为长白山天池火山扰动期间的火山地震类型主要为构造型火山地震，伴随少量的谐频型地震。本文通过匹配滤波技术，对1999~2007年扰动事件前后CBS台单台三分量地震观测数据进行模板扫描，获得3763个清晰的火山地震事件，其中谐频（HS）事件125个，构造（VT）事件3618个，并发现长周期（LP）事件20个。进而将火山扰动期间火山地震事件分为3种类型：构造型事件、长周期事件和谐频型事件，并提出2002~2005年长白山天池火山扰动机制模型：深源地震-火山能量传递模型，即汪清深源地震能量释放和传递，引发长白山火山区岩石圈应力状态波动。地幔岩浆房受应力干扰后，岩浆通道打开，少量岩浆侵入地壳岩浆房。岩浆混合脱气导致地壳岩浆房升压，引起顶部岩石微破裂，产生构造型火山地震，气体和流体填充这些裂隙，从而产生LP和HS型火山地震事件。 相似文献
5.
长白山天池火山地球物理探测结果显示,天池火山口附近8-10km深度下存在与高温物质或岩浆囊有关的低速结构。根据这一结果,利用Mogi模型对该深度岩浆囊变形产生的地表形变敏感区进行计算,结果表明,垂直变形敏感区主要集中在火山口周缘,水平变形敏感区位于距火山口中心5．6—7km处,这一结果对建立长白山天池火山GNSS监测网具有参考意义。 相似文献
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7.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
长白山火山是一座具有潜在喷发危险的大型近代活动火山,因此通过对该火山活动的监测,加强对长白山天池火山岩浆系统的研究并了解天池火山的活动性质是很有意义的.除了开展长白山火山活动历史、火山地层学、火山岩岩石学、年代学以及火山地质等研究之外,我国从20世纪80年代开始在该火山区域进行了一系列的地球物理探测活动.为深入了解长白山火山区岩浆的分布与活动特征,本文对前人工作进行总结,得到了关于长白山火山活动的以下几个方面的认识:1)通过火山区地震活动性监测得到了火山区的岩浆活动状态;2)利用大地电磁测深对火山区地下是否存在可能再次活动的岩浆囊及其分布形态进行监测,为火山喷发的危险性预测和灾害评价提供依据;3)利用人工源深地震测深对长白山天池及其邻域的结晶基底及地壳精细结构进行讨论;4)利用天然地震对火山区地壳、上地幔结构进行深入研究,分析了与火山区有关的深层动力学因素;5)对国外火山区重力监测实例的调研表明,重力监测对了解岩浆活动状态是十分有效的手段.多种地球物理方法的综合应用,获得了长白山火山地区地壳至地幔转换带的详细资料. 相似文献
8.
本文利用有限元及有限差分的方法,对壳内岩浆房或岩浆囊中的岩浆在构造应力及由于围岩与岩浆的密度差产生的浮力作用下,沿已有断层向上运移的动力学过程进行了数值模拟.在岩浆囊顶部与上覆岩层接触处,沿着已有微小破裂,岩浆在一定超压力条件下使已有断层张开并继续向上延伸,从而形成岩浆向上运移的通道.研究了岩浆黏度、密度差、模型深度对最小超压力（岩浆运移到地表所需的最小岩浆房超压力）的影响.在10 km深度的地壳中,若岩浆黏度为0.1~103 Pa·s,当超压力达到17~20 MPa时,岩浆压力可以驱动岩浆运移到地表层;同时,岩浆动力黏度越大,使岩脉运移到地表需要的超压力就越大.当密度差为300~700 kg·m-3,其变化对超压力的影响比较小.本文亦对比了三维应力条件和二维平面应变条件下不同结果,比较了不同条件下岩浆运移造成的地表垂直位移变化.结合长白山天池火山地区的区域地质环境,对长白山天池火山岩浆运移条件进行了参数试验性计算分析,估算了在给定长白山天池火山模型条件下地下可能存在的岩浆囊的大小,其结果对认识长白山天池火山地区岩浆活动及相关的预测和监控有参考意义. 相似文献
9.
该文建立了百万网格的分层PREM地球模型, 利用并行有限元方法计算了自转速率快速变化所引起的全球附加的位移场和应力场。 计算模型中不仅考虑了地球的径向分层, 同时还考虑椭率和地形的影响。 利用数值试验的方法, 系统分析了地球自转速率变化为Δω/ω=2×10-10时所引起的全球应力分布特征, 研究表明椭率对地表各个应力分量的影响在千分之几, 而地形的影响则表现为径向应力与地形正相关, 且相同高度的地形在低纬度影响较大, 纬向和经向的应力大小分别与地形在SN向和EW向的地形梯度直接相关。 相似文献
10.
地表形变信息可有效反映火山下岩浆房的活动状态,对于理解火山活动演化过程非常重要。文中利用Sentinel-1A/B的升、降轨影像,采用SBAS InSAR与Stacking InSAR技术,获取了长白山天池火山2015—2022年间的地表形变时间序列及速率,并结合Mogi点源模型反演岩浆房的几何参数,得到的主要结论如下：1)火山口及周围区域整体下沉,火山口附近视线向形变速率约为-4～-2mm/a,远离火山口的局部形变速率可达-6mm/a。2)根据Mogi模型反演的火山下浅层岩浆房深约6km,体积变化率为-3.3×105m3/a,岩浆房位于长白山天池火山口下偏西的位置。3)1992—2022年期间,火山经历了从平静到扰动、再到平静的岩浆活动过程,在2002—2005年监测到明显的地表隆升变形,岩浆房体积显著膨胀,之后岩浆的活动性逐渐减弱。 相似文献
11.
P. Einarsson 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1978,41(3):187-195
During the present tectonic activity in the volcanic rift zone in NE-Iceland it has become apparent that the attenuation of seismic waves is highly variable in the central region of the Krafla volcano. Earthquakes associated with the inflation of the volcano have been used to delineate two regions of high attenuation of S-waves within the caldera. These areas are located near the center of inflation have horizontal dimensions of 1–2 km and are interpreted as the expression of a magma chamber. The top of the chamber is constrained by hypocentral locations and ray paths to be at about 3 km depth. Small pockets of magma may exist at shallower levels. The bottom of the chamber is not well constrained, but appears to be above 7 km depth. Generally S-waves propagate without any anomalous aftenuation through laver 3 (vp=0.5 km sec?1) across the volcanic rift zone in NE-Iceland. The rift zone therefore does not appear to be underlain by an estensive magma chamber at crustal levels. The Krafla magma chamber is a localized feature of the Krafla central volcano. 相似文献
12.
M. Sachpazi Ch. Kontoes N. Voulgaris M. Laigle G. Vougioukalakis Olga Sikioti G. Stavrakakis J. Baskoutas J. Kalogeras J. Cl. Lepine 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2002,116(1-2)
Nisyros island, a Quaternary volcanic center located at the SE of the Aegean Volcanic Arc, has been in the past characterized by periods of intense seismic activity accompanied sometimes by hydrothermal explosions, the last one being in 1887. The recent long lasting episode of unrest (1995–1998) in the area is the first instrumentally documented providing information on the behavior of the volcano. Evidence from seismicity and SAR interferometry suggests that the presently active part of the Kos–Nisyros volcano-tectonic complex is located at the NW coast of Nisyros island defining an area much smaller than the whole volcano-tectonic area. Seismicity patterns vary both temporally and spatially consistently with different rates of vertical ground deformation inferred from SAR interferometry. These observations help us to discuss the different elements controlling the behavior of the volcanic system such as: the existence, location and timing of magma chamber inflation, the occurrence of tensile failure at the boundaries of the chamber and the possibility of magmatic fluids being expelled to form a shallow magmatic intrusion, the seismic failure and migration of hypocenters indicating shallow magma transport. 相似文献
13.
Agust Gudmundsson 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,60(3):160-170
The ring fractures that form most collapse calderas are steeply inward-dipping shear fractures, i.e., normal faults. At the
surface of the volcano within which the caldera fault forms, the tensile and shear stresses that generate the normal-fault
caldera must peak at a certain radial distance from the surface point above the center of the source magma chamber of the
volcano. Numerical results indicate that normal-fault calderas may initiate as a result of doming of an area containing a
shallow sill-like magma chamber, provided that the area of doming is much larger than the cross-sectional area of the chamber
and that the internal excess pressure in the chamber is smaller than that responsible for doming. This model is supported
by the observation that many caldera collapses are preceded by a long period of doming over an area much larger than that
of the subsequently formed caldera. When the caldera fault does not slip, eruptions from calderas are normally small. Nearly
all large explosive eruptions, however, are associated with slip on caldera faults. During dip slip on, and doming of, a normal-fault
caldera, the vertical stress on part of the underlying chamber suddenly decreases. This may lead to explosive bubble growth
in this part of the magma chamber, provided its magma is gas rich. This bubble growth can generate an excess fluid pressure
that is sufficiently high to drive a large fraction of the magma out of the chamber during an explosive eruption.
Received: 2 January 1997 / Accepted: 22 April 1998 相似文献
14.
Campi Flegrei is a caldera complex located west of Naples, Italy. The last eruption occurred in 1538, although the volcano has produced unrest episodes since then, involving rapid and large ground movements (up to 2 m vertical in two years), accompanied by intense seismic activity. Surface ground displacements detected by various techniques (mainly InSAR and levelling) for the 1970 to 1996 period can be modelled by a shallow point source in an elastic half-space, however the source depth is not compatible with seismic and drill hole observations, which suggest a magma chamber just below 4 km depth. This apparent paradox has been explained by the presence of boundary fractures marking the caldera collapse. We present here the first full 3-D modelling for the unrest of 1982–1985 including the effect of caldera bordering fractures and the topography. To model the presence of topography and of the complex caldera rim discontinuities, we used a mixed boundary elements method. The a priori caldera geometry is determined initially from gravimetric modelling results and refined by inversion. The presence of the caldera discontinuities allows a fit to the 1982–1985 levelling data as good as, or better than, in the continuous half-space case, with quite a different source depth which fits the actual magma chamber position as seen from seismic waves. These results show the importance of volcanic structures, and mainly of caldera collapses, in ground deformation episodes. 相似文献
15.
María Charco José Fernández Francisco Luzón Kristy F. Tiampo John B. Rundle 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(4):865-878
Surface displacements and gravity changes due to volcanic sources are influenced by medium properties. We investigate topographic,
elastic and self-gravitation interaction in order to outline the major factors that are significant in data modelling. While
elastic-gravitational models can provide a suitable approximation to problems of volcanic loading in areas where topographic
relief is negligible, for prominent volcanoes the rough topography could affect deformation and gravity changes to a greater
extent than self-gravitation. This fact requires the selection, depending on local relief, of a suitable model for use in
the interpretation of surface precursors of volcanic activity. We use the three-dimensional Indirect Boundary Element Method
to examine the effects of topography on deformation and gravity changes in models of magma chamber inflation/deflation. Topography
has a significant effect on predicted surface deformation and gravity changes. Both the magnitude and pattern of the geodetic
signals are significantly different compared to half-space solutions. Thus, failure to account for topographic effects in
areas of prominent relief can bias the estimate of volcanic source parameters, since the magnitude and pattern of deformation
and gravity changes depend on such effects. 相似文献
16.
Antonella Longo Paolo Papale Melissa Vassalli Gilberto Saccorotti Chiara P. Montagna Andrea Cassioli Salvatore Giudice Enzo Boschi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(4):873-880
Many volcanic eruptions are shortly preceded by injection of new magma into a pre-existing, shallow (<10 km) magma chamber,
causing convection and mixing between the incoming and resident magmas. These processes may trigger dyke propagation and further
magma rise, inducing long-term (days to months) volcano deformation, seismic swarms, gravity anomalies, and changes in the
composition of volcanic plumes and fumaroles, eventually culminating in an eruption. Although new magma injection into shallow
magma chambers can lead to hazardous event, such injection is still not systematically detected and recognized. Here, we present
the results of numerical simulations of magma convection and mixing in geometrically complex magmatic systems, and describe
the multiparametric dynamics associated with buoyant magma injection. Our results reveal unexpected pressure trends and pressure
oscillations in the Ultra-Long-Period (ULP) range of minutes, related to the generation of discrete plumes of rising magma.
Very long pressure oscillation wavelengths translate into comparably ULP ground displacements with amplitudes of order 10−4–10−2 m. Thus, new magma injection into magma chambers beneath volcanoes can be revealed by ULP ground displacement measured at
the surface. 相似文献
17.
自2000年以来,在天池火山区附近布设了由2条精密水准路线、15个GPS测量点构成的地壳形变监测系统。文中详述了该系统的构成,并对近期长白山天池火山区地壳形变资料进行了分析研究。结果表明:2002—2005年,长白山天池火山区地面发生了明显的变形。在垂直方向上,水准路线高差3年累积变化达6.8cm,且越是靠近火山口,变形量越大。在水平方向上,以火山口为中心,各观测点总体位移出现放射状变化,最大可达38cm;山体出现明显的膨胀,最大面膨胀可达6×10-6/a。上述变化于2006年后逐步恢复为正常变化。在此期间,长白山天池火山区火山地震活动频繁,其它监测资料也出现了同步的异常变化。文中分析讨论了引起上述变化的可能原因,认为是天池火山一次最新的岩浆活动所致 相似文献