共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 616 毫秒
1.
2.
最优性价比的观测系统设计方法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
三维观测系统优化设计是野外地震采集工作的一个重要环节,影响着后期地震资料采集处理解释的各个工作环节.因此,高质量的观测系统设计是地震勘探工作的关键,然而在无限制的追求高信噪比、高分辨率的地震资料,高难度的野外施工的同时,这往往会带来较大的成本投入.鉴于以上存在的问题,文章着重分析质量最优和成本最优的观测系统设计,通过寻找观测系统参数与采集质量和采集成本的关系,结合二者的优点,提出了最优性价比的观测系统优化设计方法,并通过一个实际工区的试验,体现出该方法的应用效果,为高质量的观测系统设计提供新的思路和方法. 相似文献
3.
《地球物理学进展》2020,(4)
深反射地震勘探以其可靠性强和精度高的特点,一直作为深地探测的主要技术之一.其中分辨率又作为评价深反射地震勘探质量的关键指标之一,在理论研究及实际生产中都有着重要的意义.文章将深反射地震勘探中影响分辨率的主要因素划分为采集、地质、处理三方面,采集因素主要包括子波激发、空间采样率、接收及观测系统设计;地质因素则主要包括深部波阻抗变化、深部地质体尺度、浅部构造、吸收衰减等,针对以上因素人们提出了静校正、振幅恢复、反褶积、偏移等处理方法来提高深反射地震勘探的分辨率.本文阐述了影响深反射地震勘探分辨率的主要因素,并对提高深反射地震勘探分辨率的主要方法进行了总结与展望. 相似文献
4.
随着勘探目标日益复杂,常规的窄方位角地震采集技术已经难以满足当前勘探需求.宽方位角采集技术含有丰富的方位角信息,有利于对深层、高陡构造、各向异性岩体进行成像.国外宽方位角勘探多集中在以墨西哥湾岩下油藏为代表的地区,而国内宽方位角勘探研究多集中在陆上.本文以镇巴区块为例,针对地震资料信噪比低和高陡复杂构造成像难的问题,进行宽方位角三维观测系统设计及采集攻关,在增强激发接收效果、压噪能力、提高静校正精度、改善陡倾角地层成像效果等方面采取了针对性技术措施.这些技术措施的应用不仅大幅度改善了地震剖面的成像质量,而且具有普遍的推广意义. 相似文献
5.
震源激发是影响地震勘探效果的一个重要因素,在油气勘探中需要选择合适的震源参数以获取较好的地震记录。本文以数值模拟方法为基础,通过使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,对单井条件下不同岩土介质中柱状炸药震源激发进行了对比研究,计算得到相应的地震子波。通过对比分析各组参数对应的地震子波振幅和频谱,选择合适的激发参数。研究结果表明,在纵波速度较低的介质中,中低爆速、细长药柱炸药激发产生的地震子波频率高、能量大,而在纵波速度较高的介质中,高爆速、短粗药柱炸药激发产生的地震子波频率高、能量大。该研究结果与实际勘探结果比较符合,可为实际勘探中激发参数的选择提供参考。 相似文献
6.
鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田气层单砂体厚度薄,非均质性强,地层反射波能量和频率衰减严重,地震资料品质不稳定,资料分辨率较低．近年来当地推进生态环保工作,对以往的炸药震源作业模式存有疑虑,制约了本区的地震勘探进程．针对这些难点,本文从基于AVO分析的观测系统设计、基于低频可控震源的“两宽一高”采集技术、基于提高资料信噪比的组合接收技术等方面进行研究．运用模型正演、反射系数能量变化相对陡度、实际资料定性与定量分析,设计了可控震源施工观测系统方案．利用驱动幅度-频率曲线设计了低频信号,针对地震采集压制谐波干扰的方法进行了分析及试验．通过检波器组合试验分析,在信噪比相对低的地区采用检波器组合接收方式,能够提高地震资料的信噪比．采用可控震源高精度地震采集技术,获得了高密度、宽方位、高品质的地震资料． 相似文献
7.
三维地震观测系统共聚焦分辨率特性分析突破传统以点论证为基础的观测系统分辨率分析方法,面向地质目标定量预测三维观测系统地震成像的空间分辨率和振幅精度.基于Fourier有限差分（FFD）大步长波场延拓和Born-Kirchhoff小步长波场插值递推方法,本文介绍了一种复杂介质条件下三维地震观测系统共聚焦分辨率特性快速分析方法.对给定的速度模型,该方法能够分析拟采用的三维地震观测系统设计方案对复杂构造的成像分辨率与AVP属性,从而为进一步的偏移成像与储层分析提供保证.最后本文以SEG/EAGE三维盐丘模型为例设计满覆盖为16次的三维地震观测系统,并实施三维共聚焦分辨率特性分析. 相似文献
8.
罗家地区位于济阳坳陷沾化凹陷西部,该区三维地震勘探始于20世纪90年代,先后实施了常规三维地震、二次采集三维地震、高精度三维地震,发现了中生界-东营组6套含油层系,属于中等勘探程度地区.现有地震资料虽然发现了多个构造为主的油气藏,但是难以满足勘探开发中后期红层、滩坝、浊积岩等储层描述和圈闭刻画的需求.2017年,在罗家地区部署实施了高密度地震,使用陆用压电单点检波器接收,采用小面元、宽方位、高覆盖的观测方式,炮道密度达到了357万道/km~2.单点接收地震资料具有保真度高、波场信息丰富、宽频带、宽方位的特点,针对单点高密度地震资料特点,应用相对保真的宽频宽方位处理技术,成像地震剖面纵、横向分辨率和保真度有了较大提高,对推动中国东部老油田开展三次地震具有积极的借鉴意义. 相似文献
9.
10.
宽频带、宽方位、高密度地震数据采集是近年地震勘探的重要发展方向,随着现代电子设备的可靠性大幅度提高,使得"两宽一高"采集技术得以推广应用。本文重点介绍陆上地震采集可控震源设备(Nomad系列)和数字检波器(DSU1-508)针对采集需求所做的技术改进,如何在保证生产效率、降低采集成本的前提下,使高密度采集成为可能,并满足深层勘探和高精度勘探的需求。通过分析高密度采集数据的处理结果并与常规采集效果进行对比,结果表明新一代设备在拓宽频带,提高分辨率的同时,极大地改善了成像质量。 相似文献
11.
3‐D shallow‐water seismic survey evaluation and design using the focal‐beam method: a case study offshore Abu Dhabi 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 For 3‐D shallow‐water seismic surveys offshore Abu Dhabi, imaging the target reflectors requires high resolution. Characterization and monitoring of hydrocarbon reservoirs by seismic amplitude‐versus‐offset techniques demands high pre‐stack amplitude fidelity. In this region, however, it still was not clear how the survey parameters should be chosen to satisfy the required data quality. To answer this question, we applied the focal‐beam method to survey evaluation and design. This subsurface‐ and target‐oriented approach enables quantitative analysis of attributes such as the best achievable resolution and pre‐stack amplitude fidelity at a fixed grid point in the subsurface for a given acquisition geometry at the surface. This method offers an efficient way to optimize the acquisition geometry for maximum resolution and minimum amplitude‐versus‐offset imprint. We applied it to several acquisition geometries in order to understand the effects of survey parameters such as the four spatial sampling intervals and apertures of the template geometry. The results led to a good understanding of the relationship between the survey parameters and the resulting data quality and identification of the survey parameters for reflection imaging and amplitude‐versus‐offset applications. 相似文献
12.
Atahebson B. Santos Milton J. Porsani Manuelle S. Góis 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(7):1720-1731
The determination of three-dimensional geometry and acquisition parameters, the seismic acquisition survey design, is constantly subject of studies in obtaining data with the highest seismic quality, operational efficiency and cost minimization. In this paper, we propose a methodology for inverting geometry parameters of three-dimensional orthogonal land seismic surveys based on a direct search method using a mixed-radix based algorithm. In this algorithm, the search space is discretized on a mixed-radix base, which depends on the extreme values and the search resolution of each parameter. We will show how to reparametrize the orthogonal acquisition geometry elements in order to obtain the independents and integers parameters that are necessary to construct the mixed-radix base. For the optimization purpose, we define an objective function to contemplate target parameters associated with the elements of the acquisition geometry directly related to the geophysical and operational constraints. Taking in account that the mathematical functions and the objective function we define for the problem have no significant computational cost, all model space parameters are fast and efficiently tested. We applied the algorithm, using as input data, provided by a one-line roll orthogonal reference geometry, assuming a pair of geological objectives as shallow and deep targets. All selected models that meet both the proposed objectives and the constraints are organized by decreasing order of fitness so that with the mixed-radix inversion algorithm we found not only the best model, but also a set of suitable models. Likewise, with the best set of geometries, it is possible to establish a direct comparison between them, analysing their adherence to the technical and operational requirements according to the availability and degree of detail of each one. We show the top 10 best results as a table, allowing a direct comparison between all aspects of these geometries, and we summarize the results showing graphically the fitness of all selected geometries and the inverted geometry elements for the 1000 best geometries. These graphical displays provide a direct way to understand how each model behaves as the fitness decreases. The algorithm is very flexible and its application can be extended to any environment and type of acquisition geometry, and in any phase study of an area be it regional, exploratory or development. 相似文献
13.
地震勘探目标日趋复杂化和精细化,"两宽一高"等采集技术获得了广泛应用,从而导致当前地震数据采集周期越来越长、成本越来越高,如何解决日益增长的勘探成本问题成为当前地震采集领域的研究热点之一.针对上述问题,本文首先开展了基于稀疏性的地震数据高效采集方法理论研究,对地震数据稀疏性基本理论、稀疏约束下随机采样及其数据重建方法进行了深入探讨,提出使用改进的分段随机采样方法灵活地进行实际地震采集测网设计;详细阐述了多源地震激发方法,对多源地震数据分离方法开展了深入研究,提出了基于小窗口中值滤波与稀疏约束联合随机去噪的多源数据分离方法,并在数据分离处理中取得了较好的效果;将上述两种地震数据采集方案有机结合,提出了1)规则多源、随机检波点(DmsRg)、2)随机多源、规则检波点(RmsDg)和3)随机多源、随机检波点(RmsRg)等三种高效采集方案及相应的数据重建方案,满足了后续常规化数据处理的要求,并讨论了多源激发对数据成像的影响.基于Marmousi模型数据的数值试验表明,本文构建的基于稀疏约束和多源激发的高效采集方法理论对于提高地震数据采集效率、降低勘探成本具有重要的应用价值,建立的数据重建方法流程可以取得和常规数据接近的成像结果.本文方法虽然在数值试验中取得了较为理想的效果,但还需要得到野外实际数据采集的进一步检验. 相似文献
14.
Directional‐oriented wavefield imaging: a new wave‐based subsurface illumination imaging condition for reverse time migration 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The key objective of an imaging algorithm is to produce accurate and high‐resolution images of the subsurface geology. However, significant wavefield distortions occur due to wave propagation through complex structures and irregular acquisition geometries causing uneven wavefield illumination at the target. Therefore, conventional imaging conditions are unable to correctly compensate for variable illumination effects. We propose a generalised wave‐based imaging condition, which incorporates a weighting function based on energy illumination at each subsurface reflection and azimuth angles. Our proposed imaging kernel, named as the directional‐oriented wavefield imaging, compensates for illumination effects produced by possible surface obstructions during acquisition, sparse geometries employed in the field, and complex velocity models. An integral part of the directional‐oriented wavefield imaging condition is a methodology for applying down‐going/up‐going wavefield decomposition to both source and receiver extrapolated wavefields. This type of wavefield decomposition eliminates low‐frequency artefacts and scattering noise caused by the two‐way wave equation and can facilitate the robust estimation for energy fluxes of wavefields required for the seismic illumination analysis. Then, based on the estimation of the respective wavefield propagation vectors and associated directions, we evaluate the illumination energy for each subsurface location as a function of image depth point and subsurface azimuth and reflection angles. Thus, the final directional‐oriented wavefield imaging kernel is a cross‐correlation of the decomposed source and receiver wavefields weighted by the illuminated energy estimated at each depth location. The application of the directional‐oriented wavefield imaging condition can be employed during the generation of both depth‐stacked images and azimuth–reflection angle‐domain common image gathers. Numerical examples using synthetic and real data demonstrate that the new imaging condition can properly image complex wave paths and produce high‐fidelity depth sections. 相似文献
15.
河道砂体宽/窄方位三维观测系统地震物理模型分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of the wide and narrow azimuth 3D observation systems on seismic imaging precision is becoming a hot area for studies of high precision 3D seismic acquisition methods in recent years. In this paper we utilize 3D physical seismic modeling experiments. A 3D channel sand body physical seismic model is constructed and two acquisition systems are designed with wide azimuth （16 lines） and narrow azimuth （8 lines） to model 3D seismic data acquisition and processing seismic work flows. From analysis of migrated time slice data with high quality and small size, we conclude that when the overlying layers are smooth and lateral velocities have little change, both wide and narrow azimuth observation systems in 3D acquisition can be used for obtaining high precision imaging and equivalent resolution of the channel sand body. 相似文献
16.
Low frequency content of seismic signals contains information related to the reservoir fluid mobility. Based on the asymptotic analysis theory of frequency-dependent reflectivity from a fluid-saturated poroelastic medium, we derive the computational implementation of reservoir fluid mobility and present the determination of optimal frequency in the implementation. We then calculate the reservoir fluid mobility using the optimal frequency instantaneous spectra at the low-frequency end of the seismic spectrum. The methodology is applied to synthetic seismic data from a permeable gas-bearing reservoir model and real land and marine seismic data. The results demonstrate that the fluid mobility shows excellent quality in imaging the gas reservoirs. It is feasible to detect the location and spatial distribution of gas reservoirs and reduce the non-uniqueness and uncertainty in fluid identification. 相似文献
17.
The addition of a third dimension to seismic data acquisition offers significant improvement of our reflection images of geologic structures, but potentially at a substantial increase in data processing cost. Here we study an approach to migration of three-dimensional (3-D) stacked data that can considerably reduce the burden of computation and data manipulation. Cascading two-dimensional (2-D) migrations in orthogonal lateral directions, we obtain an efficient 3-D scheme that is exact for homogeneous media. As applied to examples of synthetic data from inhomogeneous media, the scheme introduces errors well below those attributable, in practice, to uncertainties in migration velocity. Application of this two-step approach, using both Kirchhoff-summation and finite-difference algorithms, to a 3-D seismic land survey over an area of known hydrocarbon traps additionally proves the importance of 3-D migration in stratigraphic imaging. 相似文献
18.
苏北大陆科学钻探靶区深反射地震的叠前深度偏移 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
由于深反射地震数据具有信噪比低和记录长度长等特点,叠前深度偏移方法的应用有许多困难．为此,我们研究了一种适合于深反射地震的叠前深度偏移方法;包括：用逆风有限差分方法计算程函方程;在常规速度扫描的基础上,用协方差控制提高速度分析精度;用联合反演算法计算层速度,再插值后得到初始速度模型;用Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ法作为偏移速度分析工具,求得最终的速度模型;最终的速度模型作为有限差分深度偏移的输入,求得最终的偏移结果．用该方法对“中国大陆科学深钻工程”东海二维深反射地震数据ＤＨ－４线进行了叠前深度偏移,取得了良好的效果。 相似文献