共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 984 毫秒
1.
滨海地区社会与经济的发展引发了各种各样的水文地质问题, 因此对滨海地区的水文地质条件, 尤其是地下水与海水之间的水力联系的研究尤为重要.本文考察了海底露头处具有淤泥层的滨海含水层系统中由海潮引起的水头波动.该系统由潜水含水层、承压含水层和介于其间的弱透水层构成.建立了该系统的数学模型, 得到了该模型的解析解.该解析解包含2个无量纲参数: 弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数.解析解表明, 淤泥层使各处的水头波幅被缩小了一个常数倍(波幅缩减因子), 并使各处的波动相位产生了一个不超过45°的正位移常数(时滞).该时滞对半日潮不超过1.5h, 对全日潮不超过3h.波幅缩减因子和正位移常数只与弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数有关.当这两个无量纲参数取某些特殊值时, 本次研究的解和前人考虑的几种较简单情形所对应的解一致.承压含水层中水头波幅随着淤泥层的相对透水系数的递增而严格递增, 随弱透水层的相对越流系数的递增而严格递减; 波动相位随着这2个无量纲参数的递增均严格递减.分析表明弱透水层的越流和淤泥层的存在均对承压含水层水头波动有显著影响. 相似文献
2.
《岩土力学》2017,(1):61-66
弱透水层是含水层系统的重要组成部分。弱透水层的渗透系数K_v和弹性贮水率值S_(ske)对研究地面沉降及地下水资源评价具有重要的意义。在相邻含水层降深随时间周期性波动的条件下,推得了超固结弱透水层中无量纲形式的降深解析解,并基于该解析解进一步得到了超固结弱透水层累计变形量随时间变化的理论曲线。由于弱透水层的低渗透性,其变形总是滞后于相邻含水层的降深变化。根据弱透水层变形的滞后时间与含水层降深波动半周期的关系,提出了一种用以确定超固结弱透水层垂向渗透系数和弹性贮水率的方法,该方法对于弹性变形的超固结土具有很好的适用性。使用该方法之前,首先要根据分层标和水位资料确定含水层降深的变化周期以及弱透水层变形的滞后时间。应用该方法确定了上海地区f_(10-7)分层标处第2弱透水层的水力参数为K_v=4.12×10~(-10)m/s,S_(ske)=1.07×10~(-4) m~(-1)。经实例计算结果具有一定的可靠性。 相似文献
3.
一种实验确定弱透水层水文地质参数的原理与方法 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
弱透水层是含水层系统的重要组成部分,弱透水层的水文地质参数(如渗透系数、传导系数、贮水率)不仅对预测、评价和控制地面沉降有重要意义,而且对地下水资源开发、评价和计算以及含水层系统污染物运移规律和热能传导规律的研究有着重要的意义。以饱和承压弱透水层柱体为模型,在一侧水头降低某一常量条件下推得了弱透水层单位水平面积的流量公式,给出了基于流量随时间变化的实验资料采用配线法确定弱透水层传导系数、渗透系数和贮水率的具体方法,并结合实验及相关资料进行了参数的确定和验证。这一方法不仅理论严密,而且具有实验装置及实验过程简单、易操作,获取的参数较多,精度高等优点。因此有很好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
4.
《岩土力学》2017,(5):1359-1364
弱透水层是含水层系统的重要组成部分,要准确计算弱透水层释水量和变形量需事先确定弱透水层的渗透系数和贮水率值。基于一维含水层系统概念模型,在相邻含水层降深随时间线性增大的边界条件下,推得了无量纲形式的弱透水层降深解析解,分析了弱透水层中滞后降深消散规律。根据水量均衡方程得到了弱透水层累计压缩变形量随时间变化的标准曲线,并提出了一种配线法用以确定弱透水层的渗透系数和贮水率,该配线法能够反映弱透水层释水变形过程的滞后性。以上海含水层系统为例,运用配线法确定了f_(10-7)分层标处第2弱透水层的渗透系数为4.26×10~(-10)m/s,贮水率为2.22×10~(-4)m~(-1)。对于具有长序列变形和水位观测资料的含水层系统,该方法具有一定的适用性。 相似文献
5.
海底泉在滨海地下水排泄过程中起着重要的作用。本文给出了含有一个海底泉的在海底延伸的越流承压含水层系统中地下水水头在海潮作用下波动的近似解析解。该含水层顶底板隔水且向海底延伸有限距离。假设含水层的海底露头被一层隔水层覆盖,海底泉由一个渗透性很好的完全穿透海底含水层硕板的圆柱体渗漏天窗（海底泉孔）来表示。近似解析解中包含了6个参数：承压含水层的海潮传播参数,海底泉孔中心到海岸线的距离,表示泉的圆柱体的等效半径,海底泉孔中心到含水层海底露头处的距离,承压含水层的海潮载荷效率和弱透水层的越流。分析表明,如果海底泉孔中心到海岸线的距离远大于泉孔的等效半径,且海底泉孔中心到含水层海底露头处的距离远大于泉孔的等效半径时,解析解的近似误差可以忽略。然后本文讨论了解析解的两个基本性质,分析了海底泉对海底地下水水头波动的影响。 相似文献
6.
地下水流二维、准三维及三维模型模拟结果比较 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
本文为三种简单的由多个含水层和弱透水层组成的越流含水系统建立了二维、准三维和三维数学模型,并对它们的解进行了比较分析。三种水流系统的二维、准三维及三维数学模型计算结果相互间的偏差随抽水时间的延长而增大,随井距的增大而减小;二维与准三维数学模型计算结果间的偏差随弱透水层越流系数的减小而减小;两种准三维数学模型计算结果间的偏差随抽水含水层与弱透水层间贮水系数比值的增大而减小;考虑弱透水层弹性释水的准三维模型与三维模型的解最为接近,它们之间的水头差当贮水系数比值一定时,随抽水含水层与弱透水层间渗透系数比值增大而减小,且随各向异性比值的增大而增大。 相似文献
7.
综合考虑了海底淤泥层的弹性储水系数、海潮荷载效应和渗透性,对海底露头处具有淤泥层的滨海承压含水层系统中海潮引起的水头波动进行分析,给出了相应的数学模型,并推导出其解析解,讨论了淤泥层弹性储水对于水头波动的影响.分析表明,当淤泥层的厚度或弹性储水系数较小时,或者其渗透性较好时,可以忽略其弹性储水效应,从而把整个淤泥层简化为第三类边界条件来处理.文章还考虑了承压含水层和淤泥层中可能存在的垂向流动,对垂向剖面二维地下水流动方程进行了数值模拟,将二维数值解与忽略垂向流动的一维解析解进行了比较,结果表明该含水层系统的垂向流动是可以被忽略的. 相似文献
8.
弱透水层储存的地下水是地下水资源的重要组成部分,弱透水层水文地质参数对地下水资源管理与评价以及地面沉降等具有重要意义。通过室内试验对定降深条件下弱透水层水流运移规律进行了研究,并探讨了弱透水层释水过程中的变形规律和释水规律。试验结果表明,在相邻含水层定降深条件下,弱透水层固结变形滞后于相邻含水层的降深变化,且变形速度逐渐变小并趋于零。基于室内试验,利用配线法求得弱透水层不同应力状态下的水文地质参数,对比分析,大变形和小变形试验中土层的渗透系数变化不大,但贮水率明显变小,土层的固结系数变大。因此,土层的应力历史对土层的渗透系数影响不大,而对贮水率有较大的影响。 相似文献
9.
弱透水层与含水层相互作用是国际水文地质学界关注的热点问题,特别是黏性土弱透水层与孔隙含水层的相互作用。近年来,在自然沉积、过量开采地下水、现代化农业机械与建筑业重型机械应用等自然与人为活动影响下,黏土弱透水层会发生有效应力增加、孔隙结构变形和孔隙度减少、渗透性降低、溶解氧和贮水能力减少以及侧向和垂向排水等的压实作用,导致地下水污染、地面沉降等环境问题的发生。本文重点介绍了黏性土弱透水层压实作用的原理,分析了地下水系统中4种不同状态下沉积物压实与孔隙流体压力的关系,基于压实物理模拟和数值模拟两个方面对压实作用的研究方法与技术进行了系统总结,随后探讨了压实作用下黏性土弱透水层对地下水水量与水质的影响,并对此研究的发展趋势及其在地球科学、环境科学等研究领域的潜在应用提出了展望。 相似文献
10.
海潮波动可以引起海岸带有越流的承压含水层地下水头发生波动。建立了基于有限差分法的滨海地区一维承压含水层地下水运动数值模型。通过将潮汐波动概化为正弦波,分别对初始水头水平及线性倾斜的承压含水层模拟了滨海地区有越流的承压含水层地下水头随潮汐波动的变化。通过对两种情形下的变化比较,结果表明,受海潮影响的滨海承压含水层地下水头与海潮有相似的波动特征,但变幅减小,受海潮的影响程度与离海岸的距离有关,随着离海岸距离的增加,地下水头的变幅及潮汐效率呈负指数函数衰减,水头倾斜情形下变幅更小,潮汐效率更小,滞后时间更短,地下水头对海潮的滞后时间随距离呈线性增加。 相似文献
11.
A new analytical solution is developed for describing groundwater level fluctuations in a coupled leaky confined aquifer system
which consists of an unconfined aquifer, confined aquifer, and an aquitard in between. The aquifer system has a tidal boundary
at the seashore, a no flow boundary at remote inland side, and a confined aquifer extending under the sea and terminated with
an outlet-capping. This new solution has shown to be a generalisation of most existing analytical solutions for a tidal aquifer
system which includes single confined and leaky confined aquifers. In addition, the solution is used to explore the influences
of the dimensionless leakance of the outlet-capping, the dimensionless hydraulic diffusivities, and the leakages of the inland
and offshore aquitards on the head responses in the leaky confined aquifer. 相似文献
12.
为评价振荡试验在获取倾斜承压含水层水文地质参数过程中含水层倾角对计算结果的影响,基于Kipp模型推导了考虑承压含水层倾角的振荡试验解析解模型。倾斜承压含水层量纲一贮水系数和量纲一导水系数不变条件下,测试井-含水层系统的量纲一阻尼系数随着倾角的增加而增加。修正模型计算的量纲一阻尼系数与Kipp模型计算的量纲一阻尼系数偏差10%以上时,必须考虑倾角的影响并且承压含水层倾角对水头响应曲线造成影响临界角度约为34°。修正模型和Kipp模型对现场振荡试验水头响应曲线分析结果的差异表明,忽略含水层倾角会对倾斜承压含水层导水系数和贮水系数的计算结果产生较大误差。 相似文献
13.
Tide-induced head fluctuations in a coastal aquifer: effects of the elastic storage and leakage of the submarine outlet-capping 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper considers the tidal head fluctuations in a single coastal confined aquifer which extends under the sea for a certain distance. Its submarine outlet is covered by a silt-layer with properties dissimilar to the aquifer. Recently, Li et al. (2007) gave an analytical solution for such a system which neglected the effect of the elastic storage (specific storage) of the outlet-capping. This article presents an analytical solution which generalizes their work by incorporating the elastic storage of the outlet-capping. It is found that if the outlet-capping is thick enough in the horizontal direction, its elastic storage has a significant enhancing effect on the tidal head fluctuation. Ignoring this elastic storage will lead to significant errors in predicting the relationship of the head fluctuation and the aquifer hydrogeological properties. Quantitative analysis shows the effect of the elastic storage of the outlet-capping on the groundwater head fluctuation. Quantitative conditions are given under which the effect of this elastic storage on the aquifer’s tide-induced head fluctuation is negligible. Li, H.L., Li, G.Y., Chen, J.M., Boufadel, M.C. (2007) Tide-induced head fluctuations in a confined aquifer with sediment covering its outlet at the sea floor. [Fluctuations du niveau piézométrique induites par la marée dans un aquifère captif à décharge sous-marine.] Water Resour. Res 43, doi:10.1029/2005WR004724 相似文献
14.
Groundwater flow in a peninsula or an elongated island is influenced by tidal fluctuations on both sides of the peninsula or island, which is named as dual tidal fluctuations. In this study, semianalytical solutions of transient groundwater flow in response to dual tidal fluctuations in an aquifer–aquitard system were presented for cases with and without the aquitard storage. These solutions were first derived using the Laplace transform and subsequently computed by the Fourier series numerical inverse Laplace transform. The derived solutions were found to agree very well with the results of numerical simulations by MODFLOW. The solution ignoring the aquitard storage approached the quasi‐steady state solution quickly when the mean sea level initial condition was used. The solutions with and without the aquitard storage were nearly the same at the early time and were separated from each other during the intermediate time, and the difference of solutions became constant at late time for small aquifer/aquitard storativity ratio and large tidal frequency. The propagation bias, which is the departure from the theoretical ratio of tidal attenuation to tidal lag, was enhanced not only with increase of the dimensionless specific leakage (aquitard/aquifer hydraulic conductance ratio) but also with decrease of the aquifer/aquitard storativity ratio and with the increase of the dimensionless tidal frequency. The solution with the aquitard storage was more sensitive to these three parameters. The newly developed solutions were capable of handling realistic initial conditions that might be approximated by piecewise linear functions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
A shallow unconfined glaciofluvial aquifer in North Dakota (USA) has largest groundwater sulfate concentrations near the bottom boundary. A deltaic silt layer underlying the aquifer, at >16 m, is the modern proximate sulfate source for the aquifer. The original sulfate source was pyrite in the organic-rich shale component of the aquifer and silt grain matrix. An oxidizing event occurred during which grain-matrix pyrite sulfur was oxidized to sulfate. Thereafter the silt served as a “conserving” layer, slowly feeding sulfate into the lower part of the aquifer and the underlying till. A method was developed for estimating the approximate initial sulfate concentration in the source layer and the redistribution time since the oxidizing event, using a semi-generic convection–dispersion model. The convection–dispersion model and a model for the evolution of modern sulfate δ 34S in silt-layer pore water from the initial grain-matrix pyrite δ 34S, both estimated that the oxidizing event occurred several thousand years ago, and was likely related to the dry conditions of the Hypsithermal Interval. The silt layer also serves as an arsenic source. Results indicate that deltaic silts derived from organic-rich shale parent materials in a glacial environment can provide long-term sources for sulfate and arsenic and possibly other related oxidative weathering products. 相似文献
16.
Estimating aquifer hydraulic properties using sinusoidal pumping at the Savannah River site,South Carolina,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A framework for estimating aquifer hydraulic properties using sinusoidal pumping is presented that (1) derives analytical solutions for confined, leaky, and partially penetrating conditions; (2) compares the analytical solutions with a finite element model; (3) establishes a field protocol for conducting sinusoidal aquifer tests; and (4) estimates aquifer parameters using the analytical solutions. The procedure is demonstrated in one surficial and two confined aquifers containing potentially contaminated water in coastal plain sediments at the Savannah River site, a federal nuclear facility. The analytical solutions compare favorably with finite-element solutions, except immediately adjacent to the pumping well where the assumption of zero borehole radius is not valid. Estimated aquifer properties are consistent with previous studies for the two confined aquifers, but are inconsistent for the surficial aquifer; conventional tests yielded estimates of the specific yield—consistent with an unconfined response—while the shorter-duration sinusoidal perturbations yielded estimates of the storativity—consistent with a confined, elastic response. The approach minimizes investigation-derived wastes, a significant concern where contaminated fluids must be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. An additional advantage is the ability to introduce a signal different from background perturbations, thus easing detection. 相似文献
17.
18.
The dependence of stream depletion by seasonal pumping on various hydraulic characteristics and engineering factors 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Compensation pumping is used to alleviate deficiencies in streamflow discharge during dry seasons. Short-term groundwater pumping can use aquifer storage instead of catchment-zone water until the drawdown reaches the edge of the stream. The capacitance is a complex, dimensionless parameter of an aquifer system that defines the delayed effect on streamflow when there is groundwater pumping. This parameter is a function of aquifer hydraulic characteristics, pumping time, and distance between the well and stream edge; the latter can involve stream leakance and vertical leakance of an associated aquitard. Three typical hydraulic cases of combined water systems (major catchment-zone wells close to the stream and compensation pumping wells) were classified depending on their capacitance structure (i.e. the relationship between surface water and groundwater): (1) perfect hydraulic connection between the stream and aquifer; (2) imperfect hydraulic connection between the stream and aquifer; and (3) essentially imperfect hydraulic connection between the stream and the underlying confined aquifer. The impact of various hydraulic characteristics and engineering factors on stream depletion was examined by conceptual and numerical modeling. To predict the suitability and efficiency of a combined water system application, regression tests were undertaken on unit stream depletion and capacitance, and power dependencies were defined. 相似文献