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1.
Using the database of automatic hydrometeorological stations, installed in the Don RIver delta and Taganrog Bay seashore, the sources of the anomalois scale water negative surge and salinization of the Azov Sea under conditions of low river flow in 2015–2016 are studied. The new schemes of stratification and advection of salty sea waters in the Don River mouth under different weather conditions, water discharge and levels are given. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1218-1225
Copper deposits of Cuba belong to the Jurassic lead-zinc-copper, Cretaceous copper and Paleogene copper complexes, which differ substantially in their formation conditions. The island is differentiated into a number of metallogenic zones formed at the initial and early stages of the Cuba folded province. Pinar del Rio, Pinos, Trinidad and Oriente zones, of an intrageanticlinal nature, are prospective with respect to copper vein deposits of the lead-Zinc-copper complex. The Sasa and Cauto zones - intrageosynclinal - are prospective with regard to copper-pyrite and copper vein deposits of the Cretaceous complex. A metallogenic study of the island is indicated in planning the exploration of its copper prospects. -- AGI Staff. 相似文献
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A review of theories of mechanisms of induced seismicity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Carl Kisslinger 《Engineering Geology》1976,10(2-4):85-98
Theories of the physical processes leading to the stimulation of seismic activity by underground explosions, fluid injection, and reservoir impoundment are summarized. In all cases, the materials must be pre-stressed to a substantial fraction of their breaking strength in order for seismicity to be induced. Stress concentrations due to the presence of old faults or to inhomogeneities in the material properties play an important role in localizing induced seismicity.
For the few cases for which data are available, the stimulation of earthquakes by fluid injection in bore holes is adequately explained by a Coulomb-Mohr failure criterion and the concept of effective pressure in a water-filled porous mechanism. Reservoir-related earthquakes are most likely due to the same mechanism, but, in view of the low injection pressures, additional physical or chemical effects of the water on the materials may play an important role. There may be a weakening of the materials in old fault zones by the introduction of water or static fatigue in silicate rocks due to stress corrosion. 相似文献
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含水层渗透性空间分布的指示克立格估值 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
详细介绍了指示克立格估值计算的理论和方法。以指示变异函数为基本工具分析了华北某地区第四系含水层渗透性空间分布的结构特征,结果表明该地区含水层渗透性存在明显的各向异性特征。水平方向上,X轴方向的相关性较Y轴方向的好,Z轴的相关性最差。用指示克立格法对未采样点处进行估值,估值结果显示含水层渗透性由山前向滨海逐渐变低,在垂直方向上,渗透性变化不明显,浅部比深部略好;同时给出了估计精度,并认为对估计精度不高的区域可通过增加适当的工程加以控制。最后用交叉验证法对估值结果进行了检验,证明建立的指示变异函数模型合理且估值效果较好。这一实际应用表明指示克立格法可以很好地描述第四系含水层渗透性的空间分布规律。 相似文献
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This work presents the results of a study of the biogeographical distribution of Late Albian-Maastrichtian ammonites, found in sequences of the Pacific coast of Russia. The taxa typical of the Pacific Realm were identified, and their distribution traced beyond the borders of this region. In addition, species-migrants, distributed within the studied area were established. As a results of our works, a high level of endemism of ammonite fauna of the East of Russia was noted (75–88% of endemic species, on average). The bipolarity, previously established in the distribution of ammonoids within the Pacific Paleobiogeographical Realm, as well as their high regional provincialism, was confirmed. The following division of the studied area into faunal ammonite provinces in the Late Cretaceous was proposed: Arctic Province; Boreal-Pacific Province, including northeastern Russia (Chukotka Peninsula, the Koryak Upland, Penzhyna Gulf) and the boreal coast of North America (Alaska Peninsula, Arctic Canada and British Columbia); Northwest Pacific Province, including the Primorye Territory, Sakhalin and Shikotan Islands, the Japanese Islands; Northeast Province of the Pacific (the western coast of the United States and Mexico); Southwest Pacific (Australia, New Zealand, Oceania) and Southeast (the western coast of South America and Antarctica, Seymour and James Ross Islands) Provinces. This division is confirmed by data on inoceramid species. In addition, levels of global transgressions and general sea level rise, associated with the appearances of most of widespread marine taxa in the Pacific shelf seas, are established. These include Late Albian, Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, Late Coniacian, Late Campanian, Early-Late Maastrichtian boundary. Moreover, migration of ammonites occurred due to the Tethys Ocean extension and followed the northern sea straits in the Arctic Ocean and within the Pacific Realm, depending on warm currents. Both the counter and one-way migrations were established. 相似文献
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考虑核电厂地基-基础的动力相互作用,应用显式动力有限差分法分析了地震作用下极软岩、较软岩、坚硬岩上核电厂建筑结构基础的地震响应特征,比较了岩石坚硬程度对基础加速度反应谱的影响。研究表明：随着岩石坚硬程度的提高,核电厂建筑物结构基础的地震响应有增加的趋势;在周期轴上,基础处的加速度反应谱曲线会随着岩石坚硬程度的提高逐渐向短周期（高频段）方向移动。在高频段,建造于较坚硬岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在中等频段,建造于较软岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在低频段,岩石坚硬程度对加速度反应谱的影响不显著。 相似文献
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过去,人们对岩(矿)石磁参数测定工作不够重视,多数磁测工作是按照相应的工作规范只是测一测岩(矿)石磁参数.甚至有不少磁测工作不对工区内的岩(矿)石标本做磁参数测定工作,或只做少量的测定工作.而这些为数不多的磁参数测定工作也只是作磁化率和剩余磁化强度的平均数(众数)统计,没有对标本磁参数离散程度进行深入的统计研究.尽管利用变异系数表征磁参数的相对离散程度是很早就被人们认识到的.但是,目前就是在极少数关注磁参数离散程度的研究者中,也多引用标准离差,而不是变异系数.笔者对岩(矿)石标本磁参数的变异系数作了浅显的研究,并认为研究岩石磁性强度的自身不均匀性和相互之间的不均匀性对比,变异系数应当是一个不错的参数. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1428-1439
The author suggests a hypothesis of multistage evolution of the mobile crust zones of the Earth, taking into consideration the type of crustal columnar section (oceanic, intermediate, continental, and orogenic), the history of tectonic and magmatic epochs (Caledonian, Hercynian, Kimmeridgian, and Alpine), and the factor of lineament type mobile zones existing during long periods of geological history and contributing to the activation of magmaticprocesses. --E.A. Alexandrov. 相似文献
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Spheres of discharge of springs 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Although springs have been recognized as important, rare, and globally threatened ecosystems, there is as yet no consistent and comprehensive classification system or common lexicon for springs. In this paper, 12 spheres of discharge of springs are defined, sketched, displayed with photographs, and described relative to their hydrogeology of occurrence, and the microhabitats and ecosystems they support. A few of the spheres of discharge have been previously recognized and used by hydrogeologists for over 80 years, but others have only recently been defined geomorphologically. A comparison of these spheres of discharge to classification systems for wetlands, groundwater dependent ecosystems, karst hydrogeology, running waters, and other systems is provided. With a common lexicon for springs, hydrogeologists can provide more consistent guidance for springs ecosystem conservation, management, and restoration. As additional comprehensive inventories of the physical, biological, and cultural characteristics are conducted and analyzed, it will eventually be possible to associate spheres of discharge with discrete vegetation and aquatic invertebrate assemblages, and better understand the habitat requirements of rare or unique springs species. Given the elevated productivity and biodiversity of springs, and their highly threatened status, identification of geomorphic similarities among spring types is essential for conservation of these important ecosystems. 相似文献
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高凡金矿床是次火山热液型中低温金（银）矿床，对矿石中主要矿石矿物自然金、石英，黄铁矿，银矿物，闪锌矿，方铅矿和方解石等矿物标型性研究，得出了高凡金（银）矿床的矿物标型特征及空间分布规律，利用这些规律可指导该矿床深部的找矿工作及区域上同类型矿床的寻找。 相似文献
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结合工程勘察实践及现场载荷试验成果,提出将珊瑚砂分为海洋类珊瑚砂和濒海类珊瑚砂两大类,并在此基础上对珊瑚砂进行了规范定名,通过现场载荷试验对各类珊瑚砂的岩土力学特性进行了研究分析,阐明了各类珊瑚砂的岩土力学特性,对今后进一步研究珊瑚砂的岩土力学特性及工程实践具有一定指导意义. 相似文献
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CO2矿物捕获能力的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
全球碳存储的研究表明, CO2最稳定的存储方式是 CO2的矿物捕获, 即将 CO2注入到地下,使其以方解石、菱铁矿、白云石及片钠铝石等碳酸盐矿物的形式存在.适合 CO2矿物捕获的岩石类型主要有火山岩、砂岩和火山碎屑岩.分析了3种岩石类型的金属元素含量、金属元素的释放能力、与 CO2反应生成的矿物类型及对 CO2的捕获量,并比较了3种岩石类型对 CO2矿物捕获能力的差异.其中玄武岩等火山岩的金属离子含量高,但其孔隙空间有限,制约了成岩反应,且 CO2注入后具有逸散的风险;砂岩分布广泛,有足够的孔隙利于流体注入,但是金属离子含量相对较低,对 CO2的矿物捕获所需时间相对较长;火山碎屑岩则结合了前2种岩石类型在矿物捕获方面的优势,是一种理想的 CO2矿物捕获的岩石类型. 相似文献
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近年来中等复杂程度地球系统模式的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
近十几年来，地球系统模式领域活跃着一类新兴的模式——中等复杂程度的地球系统模式（EMICs），EMICs以其对计算能力的较低要求和对地球系统的较为完备的描述，使其应用几乎覆盖了简单模式和大气环流模式（CGCMs）的所有研究领域，特别在长期气候变化的模拟方面展现了得天独厚的优势，从而使得在长期气候变化的背景下研究近代气候变化更具现实意义。EMICs已经成为模拟地球系统的有力工具，为目前的CGCMs模拟提供了必要的补充，在简单模式与CGCMs之间架起了一座桥梁。首先回顾了中等复杂程度地球系统模式（EMICs）的发展现状，结合近年来国内外发表的文献探讨了EMICs的基本组成、应用领域，并对EMICs未来的发展趋势进行了预测。 相似文献
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花岗岩力学特性的温度效应试验研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过实时高温（常温～850 ℃）加载和高温（常温～1 200 ℃）后冷却再加载两种情况下的单轴压缩试验,对不同高温下花岗岩的力学性质进行了研究,分析了两种情况下单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、纵波波速、剪切滑移应变等随温度的变化规律,并研究了热-力耦合效应。研究结果表明：（1）在实时高温加载作用下单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随着温度升高而发生连续劣化;（2）高温作用冷却后再加载,花岗岩在常温～600 ℃区间峰值强度变化不大,800 ℃左右岩样强度突然降低;（3）纵波波速随加热温度的升高而逐渐降低;（4）剪切滑移应变在800 ℃之前相对较小,且变化不大,之后便迅速增大,表现出明显的塑性;（5）提出了热-力耦合因子的概念,并借助其提出了一维非线性热-力耦合本构模型,模型曲线和试验曲线较吻合。 相似文献
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沉管隧道基槽爆破施工对既有堤岸稳定性影响的数值仿真分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合爆破数值模拟中爆破荷载的特点,分析了各种荷载施加方法的特点及爆破震动场模拟的要求,基于圣维南荷载等效原理,提出了爆破荷载的等效施加方法,即将作用在炮孔壁上的爆破荷载等效后,施加在同排炮孔中心线或者面上来模拟爆破荷载的作用。结果表明,等效施加方法在近区存在一定差异,但在中远区吻合得较好。利用该等效荷载施加方法,采用三维实体模型计算分析了某沉管隧道基槽爆破施工对既有堤岸稳定性影响,计算了周围不同位置、不同深度位置处的振动响应,并在此基础上,分析研究了减小爆破振动对既有结构物影响的减振措施,可为类似工程提供借鉴。 相似文献
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将可靠度理论应用于岩土工程稳定性分析过程中,即使是已证明安全的工程所得到的边坡或地基的失效概率通常较大,导致这一现象的原因是估算的方差偏大。计算土性指标的试验数据仅表征了该试验点的特征,而不是空间平均特征。在随机场理论应用于岩土工程可靠度分析的过程中,方差折减函数是将点特性过渡为空间平均特性的必要参数。首次对闫澍旺等提出的完全不相关距离理论中完全不相关距离的确定方法进行改进,不但理论上有所突破,而且计算方法更为简洁。对折减函数值的确定过程进行了分析,得到了用完全不相关距离方法确定折减函数的一般规律。 相似文献
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滑体渗透系数是决定滑坡对降水入渗或库水位波动响应的关键参数。当滑坡区有较丰富的地下水位监测数据时,基于监测数据反演滑体渗透系数是公认的最有效途径之一。然而,反演参数的准确性受制于监测数据的采集频率和时长。确定反演滑体渗透系数的相对最优监测频率和监测时长是获取准确反演结果的前提。本文以三峡库区典型的碎石土滑坡——李家坡滑坡为例,通过渗流场反演模拟和反演结果与监测数据拟合途径,以反演结果的稳定性和离散性为评价指标,分析地下水位监测频率和监测时长对滑体渗透系数反演结果的影响,进而提出水库环境中反演碎石土滑坡滑体渗透系数的相对最佳监测频率和监测时长。研究发现:（1）监测时长不大于810 d、监测频率高于15 d/次时,可以获得水位误差相对最小、且基本稳定的反演结果;（2）监测频率1 d/次和5 d/次、监测时长同为270 d时,或监测频率10 d/次、监测时长540 d时,反演所得渗透系数的稳定性较好、离散性较小;（3） 监测频率15 d/次和30 d/次时,即使监测时长长达1 170 d,反演所得渗透系数的稳定性、离散性依然较差。综合反演水位误差大小、反演渗透系数的稳定性和离散性以及监测成本,认为监测频率5 d/次、监测时长270 d为三峡库区碎石土滑坡相对最佳的监测频率和监测时长。 相似文献