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1.
Colleen Hammelman 《Urban geography》2018,39(5):706-725
Urban migrant women worldwide utilize a creative combination of food insecurity coping strategies to procure food for themselves and their families. Using in-depth interviews with 72 migrant women in Medellín, Colombia, and Washington, DC, this paper argues that in low-income urban communities these everyday strategies can further their demands for autonomy in determining what foods they produce and consume. Relying on feminist geography and food sovereignty literature, this research explores how migrant women living in poverty rely on informal networks for growing and sharing food, seek out organic, fresh foods, and utilize independent survival strategies to counter exclusionary rhetoric and a food system they view as unhealthy. In doing so, they devise alternative urban imaginaries of a more democratic food system. This research contributes a more nuanced understanding of the food insecurity experiences of urban migrant women. 相似文献
2.
内城区户籍贫困空间剥夺式重构研究——基于南京10843份拆迁安置数据 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
采用南京内城区2001-2011 年期间10843 户贫困家庭的拆迁安置数据,探讨内城区户籍贫困空间格局及其重构特征。通过空间自相关与空间聚类等研究方法,对城市拆迁发生前内城区22 个街道的贫困家庭分布格局分析发现:① 样本贫困群体在街道尺度上社会经济属性相对均质,主要贫困属性因子的空间自相关性不强;② 内城区户籍贫困空间格局具有良好的历史延续性,总体上呈分散布局并遵循着自然渐进式的空间演化模式;③ 拆迁安置导致内城区贫困空间发生由中心至边缘、由分散到集中的重构,而且这种贫困空间边缘化过程具有强烈的不可逆性;④ 贫困家庭的物质居住条件通过拆迁安置得以改善,代价是因搬离内城而远离商业区、重点中小学、三甲医院和地铁站点等城市优质公共资源。内城区贫困空间剥夺式重构过程中,城市优势区位的丧失有可能导致贫困家庭的交通、就业与生活成本增加,向上流动机会减少。 相似文献
3.
《Urban geography》2013,34(5):414-439
The “racial” reproduction of labor forms the central concern of this paper, which comprises an investigation of low-income African-American and Anglo-American wome's engagement in waged and unwaged reproductive activities in a downtown area of Grand Rapids, Michigan. A snowball sample was conducted with 97 women. n“Race” was shown to structure options in relation to occupations, access to transportation, and child care provision, as well as formal and informal community networks. An emphasis on the practices underlying the creation of social constructions of gender and “race” reveals that even within the same geographical location women have different experiences of urban poverty. 相似文献
4.
Mudimu GD 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1996,17(2):179-194
This article examines the interplay of changes in urban environments, economic reforms and women's strategies in sustaining family livelihood through a case study based on the survey of off-plot urban cultivators in Harare, Zimbabwe. It also exemplifies the nature of gender-based conflicts arising from varying perceptions of the uses of open urban spaces. This article is organized into four sections. The first section briefly discusses some contemporary issues regarding urban agriculture in eastern and southern Africa. Specifically, it examines the role of women and the conflicts that arise over the use of urban spaces for agricultural activities from the perspective of women's struggle and strategies for sustaining family livelihood. The second section gives some background to urban agriculture in Harare, emphasizing the contribution of urban agriculture to women's strategies for maintaining household food and cash income security as a response to economic reforms and how this comes into conflict with Harare City Council's view. The third and fourth section discusses the results of the survey of urban agriculturists, illuminating how female participation in the activity has distinctive motivations and contributions to the household and the urban economy. Finally, the conclusion outlines the challenges to city planning in a tropical country faced with demand for agricultural use within the urban environment. 相似文献
5.
中国“三生空间”分类评价与时空格局分析 总被引：47，自引：1，他引：46
本文在探究“生产—生活—生态”三生空间理论内涵的基础上,分析了土地利用功能与土地利用类型的辩证关系,依据土地利用现状分类国家标准,建立了三生空间分类与评价体系,揭示了1990-2010年间中国三生空间的格局及其变化特征。结果表明：① 生产空间主要分布在胡焕庸线东南侧的主要城市群及粮食主产区,其扩张区域主要分布于东北平原、新疆西北、宁夏、兰州—西宁、四川盆地、环渤海、长三角、厦漳泉、珠三角等地区,缩小区域主要分布在黄土高原、呼伦贝尔大草原、江汉平原、闽南丘陵等地区;② 生活空间主要集中在全国主要城市及城市群,整体上呈现“东高西低、北高南低;大分散、小集聚”的空间格局,其扩张过程表现为环渤海、长三角、珠三角三大城市群的大规模、区域式扩张和各主要省会城市的小规模、点状式扩张。③ 生态空间主要分布在胡焕庸线西北侧,整体呈现“西高东低,南高北低”的空间格局;④ 工业化、城镇化是中国三生空间变化的基本动力,西北和东北地区的农田开垦、华北平原和三大城市群的城镇化建设、黄土高原的退耕还林等是导致三生空间区域差异的主要原因。本文可以为三生空间的分类规划和优化决策提供参考依据。 相似文献
6.
Julie Cupples 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2004,25(3):343-357
El Hatillo is a rural community in the Sébaco valley in Nicaragua, which suffers from an eroding resource base, high levels of poverty and malnutrition, and a high susceptibility to hazards. Structural adjustment policies have been devastating for small and subsistence farmers and have increased the level of economic, social and environmental marginalisation in rural Nicaragua. This paper explores initiatives to promote sustainable development in Nicaragua in the context of structural adjustment and environmental degradation. Drawing on qualitative research conducted in El Hatillo, it outlines the ways in which women in this community are attempting to address the multiple challenges of rural poverty and environmental risk and considers the potential of these strategies for gender equality. 相似文献
7.
Steven R. F. Barrett 《The Australian geographer》1993,24(2):60-71
The National Agricultural Policy was implemented to arrest the decline that agriculture experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It aims to modernise and revitalise Malaysian agriculture and alleviate rural poverty while retaining labour in agriculture. This paper evaluates its likely effects on poverty among small‐scale padi farmers. The analysis is based on an evaluation of the strategies and programs that are being implemented as part of the policy. It is argued that the National Agricultural Policy will not alleviate poverty in the padi sub‐sector for three main reasons. Firstly, the strategies and programs currently being employed are essentially unchanged from those that were unsuccessfully employed in the past. Secondly, it is premised on a theoretical base which will not lead to the development of effective anti‐poverty strategies. And, finally, it is flawed by policy contradictions. 相似文献
8.
云南农村贫困人口空间结构分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
贫困问题是制约云南省经济社会发展的重大问题,经过连年的扶贫努力,云南省贫困人口已经大幅下降,云南省的贫困人口分布呈现出以中心区向东西方向扩大,同时向南北方向加强的特征,同时不同的区域导致贫困的因子也存在差别,根据各区域不同致贫因子,来探寻扶贫对策,实施差别化政策将对解决贫困问题起到至关重要的作用。依据云南省各州市贫困发生率作为分类指标,利用GIS技术将云南省贫困人口的空间分布呈现出来,并进行空间分类,按照空间分类差异,寻找各区的主导致贫因子,最终按照不同致贫因子提供相应的扶贫对策。 相似文献
9.
《Urban geography》2013,34(8):760-781
It is generally assumed that the segregation of the poor in German cities is increasing as a result of cumulative polarization processes in a capitalist economy. This has led to the assumption that German cities are increasingly becoming similar to American cities. The idea of an "Americanization" specifically includes the development of the inner-city "poverty ghettos" and their adverse implications for urban social development in general, which is the focus of this paper. Empirical findings based on analyses in five major German cities do not support these assumptions. In particular there is evidence that local businesses can function as a stabilizing factor in high-poverty neighborhoods, which counteracts developments that are associated with American "poverty ghettos." These findings indicate that the significance of poverty segregation is overestimated in the debate on urban social development in Germany. Rather, a conceptualization of urban social development needs to integrate the structure and development of both population and local business at the neighborhood level. [Key words: poverty, segregation, ghetto, local business, Germany.] 相似文献
10.
精准扶贫中政府主导、企业和社会积极响应,共同助力贫困户脱贫,引致乡村关系空间在脱贫前后发生转化。论文使用参与式观察、半结构访谈和问卷调查等方法,从行动者网络视角重新审视云南省勐腊县河边村的精准扶贫,将关系空间转化划分为阶段内关系空间转化和阶段间关系空间转化,拓展了行动者网络理论对关系空间转化的解释,发现了河边村关系空间的阶段特征与转化路径:(1)精准扶贫中河边村的关系空间存在阶段性特征,包括脱贫攻坚阶段的前关系空间(标准空间较大)和巩固脱贫成果阶段的后关系空间(协商空间较大)。(2)阶段内关系空间转化是标准空间向协商空间转化的过程。以脱贫攻坚阶段为例,“两不愁、三保障”这一明确政策目标下的标准行为构建了较大的标准空间,有利于确立强制通行点,促进阶段内关系空间转化。(3)阶段间关系空间转化是前一阶段的协商空间转化为后一阶段的标准空间的过程,脱贫攻坚阶段的前协商空间就转化成了巩固脱贫成果阶段的后标准空间。这一关系空间转化的过程可结合新标准行为的应用和空间稳定性测度进行验证。(4)关系空间转化促成了村小组和村民转变为后关系空间中的关键行动者,他们在参与改善建成环境的过程中被动员起来,通过成立合作社的形式和其他行动者结成紧密网络联盟,未来会在巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、全面推进乡村振兴的过程中发挥关键作用。论文所构建的关系空间转化框架对分析和促进乡村地区的发展兼具理论价值与现实意义。 相似文献
11.
Nik Heynen 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):187-199
In this article, I consider possible political action that can reverse deepening racialized poverty in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. At its core, this article uses the efforts of the McGee family, an important activist family spanning three generations within Milwaukee, to offer insights into conceptualizing alternative strategies for confronting racialized poverty in Milwaukee. I also use the McGees's story to reconsider the ways geographers might generate revolutionary theory. The article is based on more than thirty interviews and several focus groups with a mixed array of people related to a broad temporal, spatial, and political research project on poverty, race, and inequality within Milwaukee. 相似文献
12.
基于G-TOPSIS模型的贫困农户多目标发展评价——以云南福贡县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立贫困农户多目标发展评价体系,实现不同发展目标下的相对贫困的精准识别与动态监测,成为新阶段扶贫开发的迫切需求。论文面向精准扶贫、乡村振兴和可持续发展战略,基于贫困农户的短期、中期和长期目标,构建基于G-TOPSIS综合评价方法的贫困农户多目标发展评价模型,结合障碍度模型揭示不同发展目标下贫困农户的发展水平、发展差距及其致贫因素,并基于地理探测器对不同发展水平农户减贫的影响因素进行探测。以云南省福贡县为例的研究区实证结果表明:① 研究区目前仍存在大量未脱贫农户,脱贫攻坚的压力依然较大,全面脱贫是福贡县当前最紧迫的发展目标;已脱贫人口距全国和全省农村居民平均发展水平还有较大差距,仍处于相对贫困状态,具有较高的贫困脆弱性,防止返贫、缓解相对贫困的任务艰巨。② 短期目标下,主要致贫因素为劳动力受教育年限、卫生厕所、安全住房、家庭人均纯收入、家庭健康状况;中长期目标下,与全国和本省相比,家庭人均纯收入、劳动力受教育年限、安全住房为主要发展短板。③ 不同发展水平贫困农户空间分布特征存在较大差异,贫困空间分异受基础设施、地形条件、经济区位、自然资源、交通区位等因素的综合影响,农户发展水平越低,空间异质性越强,受地理环境的影响越大。研究结果可为减贫与发展战略的实施与监测提供决策依据与可靠的技术决策支持。 相似文献
13.
Katherine Burnett 《Urban geography》2013,34(2):157-176
The Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, British Columbia, remains one of the poorest neighborhoods in Canada, yet is also a site of rapid gentrification. Both new and revitalized restaurants have created new spaces of consumption, transforming the neighborhood into a dining destination. Site visits and an analysis of the discourses used in newspaper articles and magazine features, as well as on blogs and in other online spaces, indicate that the presence of poor and marginalized residents of the Downtown Eastside is one of the reasons for some consumers’ decisions to visit new upscale establishments in the area. Analysis of advertisements and other primary documents indicates that the presence of poor and marginalized residents has become a competitive niche for the promotion of distinctive and authentic culinary adventures. This trend toward poverty tourism signals a shift from the simple displacement of low-income residents to a more complex form of gentrification in which residents face spatial management and control while their poverty is commodified. 相似文献
14.
以广州市为例,选取中心4个区6 670个采样点（涵盖121个社区）的百度街景图片,从城市建成环境特征探讨了城市贫困识别的可能。首先,训练基于深度神经网络的街景图片分类模型后,对街景要素进行语义分割,并通过缓冲区分析统计社区尺度的街景指标;其次,经主成分分析法提取出建筑围合感、植被围合感、天空开阔感和道路开阔感4个街景主因子,并验证其与多重贫困指数（IMD）的相关性;最后,通过采用简单随机抽样法选取61个社区,构建街景预测的多元线性回归模型,对剩余60个社区进行贫困预测,验证街景指标测度城市贫困的度量精度。结果发现,案例社区的多重贫困指数（IMD）与建筑围合感呈正相关,与植被围合感、天空开阔感、道路开阔感呈负相关;从整体看来,街景预测结果与传统城市贫困测度的空间规律基本相符,而且结果通常比传统测度的城市贫困程度高。这是因为受测度内容、社区类型、街道属性等方面的影响,街景识别方式比较适用于判断建成环境较差的贫困社区。街景图片预测有利于刻画城市贫困人群真实的生活环境,便于对城市建成区进行及时监测,在一定程度上可以与传统城市贫困测度相互校正、弥补不足。 相似文献
15.
《Urban geography》2013,34(3):442-463
Over the past two decades, Dutch housing policy has become more market-oriented and neoliberal. This sea change is reflected in the architecture of owner-occupied houses, whose production has been increasingly accompanied by theming. Theming has often been criticized as an action to maximize profit through the commercialization of spaces and the resulting hyperreal, and hence fake, architecture. In the Netherlands, building professionals also develop theming in order to realize inward-looking, hyperreal residential spaces with an ambience that opposes the surrounding "real" space. Developers invent new strategies to engage with home buyers' unconscious thoughts on manageable community life and feelings of insecurity. References to the traditional small town, whether of Western or non-Western origin, are particularly powerful instruments to appeal to buyers' insecurities. Yet the profit imperative complicates the actual practice of theming. Creating different themed ambiences for disparate target groups strains the capacity of standardized housing production systems, necessitating additional investment. Architects and developers struggle to perfect a "convincing ambience" for prospective residents, while seeking to avoid producing the "fake architecture" that will stigmatize their work among professional colleagues. 相似文献
16.
新疆农村贫困化空间分布及影响因素探究——以荒地镇为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在国家大力推进精准扶贫的政策背景下,分析不同地区贫困成因的差异性具有重要意义。本文以新疆维吾尔自治区莎车县荒地镇为研究区,通过地理探测器和地理加权回归模型探究该区贫困人口和状态的空间分布及其影响因素,研究结果表明：1)荒地镇农村贫困化呈现一定范围内集聚分布的特征,镇域中部和北部地区的贫困发生率明显高于其周边地区,中部的贫困地区由中心向四周扩散,北部的贫困发生率低于中部。2)导致贫困的主要因素包括距主干道距离、人口密度和男性人口所占比例。3)距离主干道的距离与贫困发生率呈现出明显的正向相关的关系,距离镇中心的距离与贫困发生率呈现出一定的负相关关系,人口密度与贫困发生率呈现出明显的负相关关系。4)依据不同地区贫困形成的主导因素,贫困地区可以划分为道路制约型和人口制约型,其中道路制约性主要分布在荒地镇的东南地区,而人口制约性主要分布在北部地区。针对不同成因的农村贫困,本文提出应该采用不同策略的扶贫措施。 相似文献
17.
Village is an important implementation unit of national poverty alleviation and development strategies of rural China, and identifying the poverty degree, poverty type and poverty contributing factors of each poverty-stricken village is the precondition and guarantee of taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation strategies of China. To respond it, we construct a village-level multidimensional poverty measuring model, and use indicator contribution degree indices and linear regression method to explore poverty factors, while adopting Least Square Error (LSE) model and spatial econometric analysis model to identify the villages’ poverty types and poverty difference. The case study shows that: (1) Spatially, there is obvious territoriality in the distribution of poverty-stricken villages, and the poverty-stricken villages are concentrated in contiguous poverty-stricken areas. The areas with the highest VPI, in a descending order, are Gansu, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Xinjiang. (2) The main factors contributing to the poverty of poverty-stricken villages in rural China include road construction, terrain type, frequency of natural disasters, per capita net income, labor force ratio, and cultural quality of labor force. The main causes of poverty include underdeveloped road construction conditions, frequent natural disasters, low level of income, and labor conditions. (3) Chinese poverty-stricken villages include six main subtypes, and most poverty-stricken villages are affected by multiple poverty-forming factors, reflected by a relatively high proportion of the three-factor dominant type, four-factor coordinative type, and five-factor combinative type. (4) There exist significant poverty differences in terms of geographical location and policy support, and the governments still need to carry out targeted poverty alleviation measures according to local conditions. The research can not only draw a macro overall poverty-reduction outline of impoverished villages in China, but also depict the specific poverty characteristics of each village, helping the government departments of poverty alleviation at all levels to mobilize all kinds of anti-poverty resources. 相似文献
18.
Village is an important implementation unit of national poverty alleviation and development strategies of rural China, and identifying the poverty degree, poverty type and poverty contributing factors of each poverty-stricken village is the precondition and guarantee of taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation strategies of China. To respond it, we construct a village-level multidimensional poverty measuring model, and use indicator contribution degree indices and linear regression method to explore poverty factors, while adopting Least Square Error(LSE) model and spatial econometric analysis model to identify the villages' poverty types and poverty difference. The case study shows that:(1) Spatially, there is obvious territoriality in the distribution of poverty-stricken villages, and the poverty-stricken villages are concentrated in contiguous poverty-stricken areas. The areas with the highest VPI, in a descending order, are Gansu, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Xinjiang.(2) The main factors contributing to the poverty of poverty-stricken villages in rural China include road construction, terrain type, frequency of natural disasters, per capita net income, labor force ratio, and cultural quality of labor force. The main causes of poverty include underdeveloped road construction conditions, frequent natural disasters, low level of income, and labor conditions.(3) Chinese poverty-stricken villages include six main subtypes, and most poverty-stricken villages are affected by multiple poverty-forming factors, reflected by a relatively high proportion of the three-factor dominant type, four-factor coordinative type, and five-factor combinative type.(4) There exist significant poverty differences in terms of geographical location and policy support, and the governments still need to carry out targeted poverty alleviation measures according to local conditions. The research can not only draw a macro overall poverty-reduction outline of impoverished villages in China, but also depict the specific poverty characteristics of each village, helping the government departments of pov-erty alleviation at all levels to mobilize all kinds of anti-poverty resources. 相似文献
19.
相对贫困视角下的精准扶贫多维减贫效应研究——以宁夏彭阳县为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2020年是精准扶贫的收官之年,中国脱贫攻坚的重点将转向解决相对贫困。建立解决相对贫困长效机制,亟需科学评价精准扶贫政策的减贫成效,通过补齐减贫短板,优化扶贫资源配置,实现区域精准化扶持。本研究在测度彭阳县多维贫困程度的基础上,利用倾向得分匹配法量化了精准扶贫的多维减贫效应,并分析了扶贫的困境。主要结论：① 精准扶贫多维减贫成效显著,农户多维贫困指标数量k减少了51.66%;② 各维度贫困指标剥夺程度均有降低,降低最明显的维度是生活、资产、住房和收入维度,教育和健康维度次之;③ 根据各维度减贫效应的差异找出减贫短板,分析了彭阳扶贫的困境。最后对如何摆脱减贫困境、推进建立解决相对贫困机制提出了相应的建议。 相似文献
20.
国际金融危机空间过程和区域响应的初探——兼论新经济地理事像研究的一个新范式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
国际金融危机是地域空间上发生、空间拓展及区域响应过程非常迅速的新经济地理事像,探究其在特定地点发生的机制、区域影响的空间拓展过程、区域受损响应的规律及长期区域对策,是经济地理学的一个新命题。鉴于金融危机事像成因和演变的经济属性强、空间过程和区域响应的经济驱动机理显著,尝试采用"微观经济—宏观经济—区域经济"一个新的研究范式进行探讨。从微观虚拟经济企业对利润的无限追求－宏观虚拟经济与实体经济的价值脱节和政府监控不到位－特定区域金融危机的爆发,发达国家微观企业产业组织－宏观国际产业链分工－金融危机的空间扩散,微观消费者边际效用损失的差异和灾变点的存在－宏观实体经济和虚拟经济对自然资源和人力资本的依赖以及经济的可恢复能力－区域金融危机的差异化响应等方面,初步探讨了金融危机的空间过程,提出了"1元≠1元"的经济地理损失效应判断,据此探讨了差异化的区域响应规律,得出以资源环境为代价换取经济增长、生活相对不富裕的地域在金融危机中受损程度可能更大的初步结论,提出了现代服务业据点式突破在空间结构组织上具有可能的研究假设。最后,就提高经济增长的人力资本贡献度、提升内需的拉动作用等应对全球化风险的长期策略进行了阐释。 相似文献