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中国贫困村致贫因素分析及贫困类型划分 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13
精确度量行政村贫困特征是当前贫困精准识别及全面脱贫的国家战略需要。基于“十二五”期间全国“整村推进”贫困村数据,构建空间贫困视角下的多维贫困度量模型综合测算全国范围内贫困村的贫困程度,基于指标贡献度分解与线性回归方法挖掘贫困村的致贫因素,利用最小方差模型（LSE）区分贫困村的贫困类型,并结合空间计量分析技术揭示贫困村的空间分布分异特征,为面向2020年全面脱贫的国家战略提供辅助决策支撑。结果表明：① 中国贫困村近一半处于中度贫困,且贫困程度与贫困规模存在显著的地域性。② 通路情况较差、自然灾害频发、收入水平低下、劳动力状况不佳是中国贫困村的主要致贫因素,显著性指标包括通路率、地貌类型、遭受自然灾害频次、人均纯收入、劳动力比例、劳动力文化素质等。③ 中国贫困村整体呈多因素致贫,三因素支配型、四因素协同型、五因素联合型贫困分布相对较高。④ “整村推进”扶贫工作初见成效,对促进贫困村可持续发展起到了较好的推进作用,但贫困村具有各自贫困特征,需进一步地因地制宜,因村施策,开展针对性帮扶工作。 相似文献
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Village is an important implementation unit of national poverty alleviation and development strategies of rural China, and identifying the poverty degree, poverty type and poverty contributing factors of each poverty-stricken village is the precondition and guarantee of taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation strategies of China. To respond it, we construct a village-level multidimensional poverty measuring model, and use indicator contribution degree indices and linear regression method to explore poverty factors, while adopting Least Square Error(LSE) model and spatial econometric analysis model to identify the villages' poverty types and poverty difference. The case study shows that:(1) Spatially, there is obvious territoriality in the distribution of poverty-stricken villages, and the poverty-stricken villages are concentrated in contiguous poverty-stricken areas. The areas with the highest VPI, in a descending order, are Gansu, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Xinjiang.(2) The main factors contributing to the poverty of poverty-stricken villages in rural China include road construction, terrain type, frequency of natural disasters, per capita net income, labor force ratio, and cultural quality of labor force. The main causes of poverty include underdeveloped road construction conditions, frequent natural disasters, low level of income, and labor conditions.(3) Chinese poverty-stricken villages include six main subtypes, and most poverty-stricken villages are affected by multiple poverty-forming factors, reflected by a relatively high proportion of the three-factor dominant type, four-factor coordinative type, and five-factor combinative type.(4) There exist significant poverty differences in terms of geographical location and policy support, and the governments still need to carry out targeted poverty alleviation measures according to local conditions. The research can not only draw a macro overall poverty-reduction outline of impoverished villages in China, but also depict the specific poverty characteristics of each village, helping the government departments of pov-erty alleviation at all levels to mobilize all kinds of anti-poverty resources. 相似文献
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中国贫困村测度与空间分布特征分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
农村贫困问题是中国全面建成小康社会的主要障碍之一。面向当前国家瞄准贫困村和贫困人口的精准脱贫战略需求,基于“十二五”期间全国贫困村“整村推进”项目村数据,构建村级多维贫困综合测度模型,并利用加权核密度模型、空间自相关方法等,从不同尺度、不同视角系统测度并分析了研究区贫困村的相对贫困特征。结果表明：① 贫困程度上,“十二五”期间贫困村呈中间大,两头小的“橄榄型”结构,省级、县级尺度下贫困深度与当地经济、区位、政策、自然环境等因素相关;② 空间分布上,全国贫困村分布呈现出东部和西北部稀疏、中部和西南部密集的“夹层”形空间异质性格局,同时存在多个不同量级、呈“星点”式分布的贫困核心;③ 中国贫困村的多维贫困存在较强的全局空间依赖性,局部呈现为高—高区与低—低区集中式分布、高—低区与低—高区离散夹杂式分布,且整体表现为西高东低的“阶梯状”格局。 相似文献
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