共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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在概述工程滑坡灾害防治研究主要进展的基础上,从工程边坡扰动过程与机理、潜在工程滑坡危险性识别评估和监测预警3个方面,集成探索工程滑坡灾害有效预防的主要途径,强调潜在工程滑坡危险性识别评估是有效预防工程滑坡灾害的关键;从快速钻探勘察技术、快速评估和快速锚固技术,特别是深层滑坡自适应锚固技术研究方面,概述工程滑坡快速防治技术研究新进展;从主动减灾防灾理念和意识、工程滑坡风险评估与控制、综合减灾3个方面,集成研究主动减轻工程滑坡灾害的有效途径,强调构建“防、治、管”为一体的国家级综合减灾信息共享平台,是综合减灾防灾的关键。 相似文献
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在概述工程滑坡灾害防治研究主要进展的基础上,从工程边坡扰动过程与机理、潜在工程滑坡危险性识别评估和监测预警3个方面,集成探索工程滑坡灾害有效预防的主要途径,强调潜在工程滑坡危险性识别评估是有效预防工程滑坡灾害的关键;从快速钻探勘察技术、快速评估和快速锚固技术,特别是深层滑坡自适应锚固技术研究方面,概述工程滑坡快速防治技术研究新进展;从主动减灾防灾理念和意识、工程滑坡风险评估与控制、综合减灾3个方面,集成研究主动减轻工程滑坡灾害的有效途径,强调构建“防、治、管”为一体的国家级综合减灾信息共享平台,是综合减灾防灾的关键。 相似文献
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滑坡灾害风险评价的关键理论与技术方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
滑坡灾害风险评估主要包括滑坡敏感性分析、危险性评价和风险评估3个不同层次的内容。但是,滑坡地质灾害本身的复杂性和滑坡强度的确定、滑坡发生的时空概率估算、承灾体的易损性时空概率分析等难点问题的存在,无疑阻碍了滑坡风险定量评估的推广和应用。在系统分析国内外滑坡灾害风险评估研究成果的基础上,对滑坡灾害风险评价的技术体系进行了总结,提出了不同层次滑坡灾害的研究内容和相应的评价方法;分析了实现滑坡风险有效评价涉及到的难点问题,并结合降雨和地震诱发的滑坡灾害危险性评价国内外的实践,提出了中国未来滑坡灾害风险评价研究的主要内容和技术方法。 相似文献
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4·20芦山地震不仅造成了特大地震灾害,同时还诱发大量的次生山地灾害,主要类型包括崩塌、滑坡、滚石、落石、堰塞湖和泥石流等。这些次生灾害不仅造成重大人员伤亡,还阻塞救援道路,延缓了救援进度。地震诱发的大量崩塌、滑坡为泥石流活动提供丰富物源,将促进泥石流活跃,在后期暴雨作用下产生严重的泥石流灾害。通过初步分析,提出了地震区山地灾害应急减灾对策,包括应急排查、监测预警、临时安置场所危险性评估、省道210线应急防护;并提出了地震区恢复重建中的减灾对策,包括提高山区城镇的防护能力,加强村寨聚落防灾能力,加强山地灾害监测预警,道路恢复重建中的减灾措施以及加强对流域漂木防治。 相似文献
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基于GIS的兰州滑坡与泥石流灾害危险性分析 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
频繁发生的灾害愈来愈对人类社会造成巨大影响, 遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统和网络技术日益在减灾行动中发挥重要的作用. 兰州区域地质岩性、构造断裂、地震活动带、地表侵蚀强烈和地形起伏破碎等因素造成了兰州滑坡与泥石流灾害的发育, 夏季暴雨、人类工程活动等诱发下灾害频繁, 风险加剧. 针对兰州地区滑坡与泥石流等山地灾害对区域社会经济的影响, 通过建立区域滑坡与泥石流灾害的空间数据库, 在GIS技术辅助下实现了专家经验模型和Logistic模型对滑坡与泥石流灾害危险性的预测, 其中滑坡Logistic模型准确性达到85.3%, 专家经验模型准确性达到74.2%; 泥石流Logistic危险性预模型准确性达到80.5%, 专家经验模型准确性达到90.5%. 随着研究的深入, 综合遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统和网络技术的灾害研究与应用将在灾害防治中发挥重要的作用. 相似文献
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以元阳梯田滑坡泥石流灾害链为研究对象,以野外精细化调查为基础,结合室内试验模拟,对试验中滑坡泥石流演化过程和基质吸力变化进行分析,对灾害链致灾模式展开研究。试验共设置两种工况共3组试验,其中暴雨工况试验共进行了两次,挑选试验结果较好的一次工况进行分析,试验结论为灾害治理和区域减灾提供依据。研究结果表明,滑坡泥石流灾害链致灾过程极为复杂,降雨使得坡面碎石块大量出露之后,地表水流速也会逐渐降低,更有利于地表水入渗,梯田边坡受持续强降雨影响发生滑动后演化为泥石流继续沿梯田区运移,上部坡体形成巨大临空面,不稳定性增加,相比于持续暴雨而言持续中雨诱发坡体滑动所需时间更长,滑坡破坏力相比暴雨偏小,该灾害链致灾模式分为滑坡致灾和泥石流致灾,前者破坏力较大,后者影响范围较大,且不同区域致灾程度差别较大。 相似文献
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大型深层蠕滑型滑坡在青藏高原怒江、澜沧江、金沙江、岷江等地形地貌和地质构造复杂区极为发育,具有规模大、滑带深、渐进变形破坏显著等特点,按照滑坡空间结构主要有后缘洼地蠕滑型、顺层基岩蠕滑型和厚层松散堆积物蠕滑型等3种类型,往往表现为长期蠕滑-间歇性复活-整体滑动.通过梳理大型深层蠕滑型滑坡稳定性影响因素、滑带土工程地质力学性质、地下水渗流场特征与降雨诱发滑坡滞后性以及渐进变形破坏机制和动态稳定性等4个方面的研究进展,提出了3个关键科学问题与4个主要研究方向.建议加强深层滑带土在渗流场-应力场等多场耦合作用下的工程地质力学特性研究、加强剖析滑坡岩土体的非均质渗透特性及地下水分布特征分析,研究不同雨强和历时条件下降雨有效入渗机理,研究大型深层蠕滑型滑坡的降水入渗响应过程和降水诱发滑坡变形的滞后性,提出基于渐进变形破坏的滑坡动态稳定性评价方法,为地质灾害早期判识和综合防范提供理论依据. 相似文献
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台风暴雨常引发大量的滑坡灾害,造成生命财产损失,因而研究台风暴雨条件下滑坡地下水渗流特征及成因机制对滑坡的防治、预警预报具有重要意义.以浙江省中林村滑坡为例,采用有限元数值方法,模拟了台风暴雨的两种常见工况（工况1:等强度降雨;工况2:渐变强度降雨）下滑坡地下水的暂态渗流场及稳定性.结果表明:两种工况条件下,滑坡地下水渗流特征基本相同,地下水位响应迅速,地下水位位于强风化和中风化接触面附近,且在坡脚形成溢流;但是工况1较工况2地下水水位上升速度快、幅度大;滑坡稳定系数与地下水水位及降雨强度等密切相关,在高强度降雨条件下,随地下水水位上升稳定系数快速下降,水位稳定以后,稳定系数下降速度减缓;中林村滑坡为典型的滑塌-拉裂-蠕滑缓动型变形破坏模式,台风暴雨引起斜坡岩土体地下水水位上升,基质吸力降低和孔隙水压力增加是其发生变形破坏的主要原因.本文所得结论能够为东南沿海地区台风暴雨诱发滑坡的预测预报与防治提供理论支持. 相似文献
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Landslide risk assessment using concepts of danger pixels and fuzzy set theory in Darjeeling Himalayas 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Landslide risk assessment (LRA) is a key component of landslide studies. The landslide risk can be defined as the potential
for adverse consequences or loss to human population and property due to the occurrence of landslides. The LRA can be regional
or site-specific in nature and is an important information for planning various developmental activities in the area. LRA
is considered as a function of landslide potential (LP) and resource damage potential (RDP). The LP and RDP are typically
characterized by the landslide susceptibility zonation map and the resource map (i.e., land use land cover map) of the area,
respectively. Development of approaches for LRA has always been a challenge. In the present study, two approaches for LRA,
one based on the concept of danger pixels and the other based on fuzzy set theory, have been developed and implemented to
generate LRA maps of Darjeeling Himalayas, India. The LRA map based on the first approach indicates that 1,015 pixels of habitation
and 921 pixels of road section are under risk due to landslides. The LRA map derived from fuzzy set theory based approach
shows that a part of habitat area (2,496 pixels) is under very high risk due to landslides. Also, another part of habitat
area and a portion of road network (7,204 pixels) are under high risk due to landslides. Thus, LRA map based on the concept
of danger pixels gives the pixels under different resource categories at risk due to landslides whereas the LRA map based
on the concept of fuzzy set theory further refines this result by defining the degree of severity of risk to these categories
by putting these into high and low risk zones. Hence, the landslide risk assessment study carried out using two approaches
in this paper can be considered in cohesion for assessing the risks due to landslides in a region. 相似文献
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Landslide risk assessment and management: an overview 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
Landslides can result in enormous casualties and huge economic losses in mountainous regions. In order to mitigate landslide hazard effectively, new methodologies are required to develop a better understanding of landslide hazard and to make rational decisions on the allocation of funds for management of landslide risk. Recent advances in risk analysis and risk assessment are beginning to provide systematic and rigorous processes to enhance slope management. In recent years, risk analysis and assessment has become an important tool in addressing uncertainty inherent in landslide hazards.This article reviews recent advances in landslide risk assessment and management, and discusses the applicability of a variety of approaches to assessing landslide risk. Firstly, a framework for landslide risk assessment and management by which landslide risk can be reduced is proposed. This is followed by a critical review of the current state of research on assessing the probability of landsliding, runout behavior, and vulnerability. Effective management strategies for reducing economic and social losses due to landslides are described. Problems in landslide risk assessment and management are also examined. 相似文献
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Landslides and debris flows occurr in China frequently and cause disastrous losses of life and property. The risk assessment of landslides and debris flows and their spatial variations were comparatively analyzed in this paper, which has great significance for disaster prevention. This article selected 1 km×1 km grid as the assessment unit and with support of GIS technique, analyzed landslide and debris-flow risk distribution and their spatial variations from 2000 to 2010. The research results indicated that the spatial distribution of risk classes in 2000 and 2010 was obviously discrepant. Overall, taking the Heihe-Tengchong population density line as the boundary, the west of the line is mainly low risk area; the east of the line is mainly high risk area. Compared with the risk of 2000, the risk values of 2010 increased, with the high risk area and low risk area enlarged, moderate risk area reduced. The moderate risk area is the most unstable and sensitive risk area, and its risk class variation is significant. However, China is not a region with the high risk of landslide and debris-flow hazard at present. In the following next 10 years, the risk of landslides and debris flows in China will continue to increase. 相似文献
14.
Risk may be estimated by multiplying the probability of failure by the consequence. This is acceptable for systems that have a single mode of failure. For systems that have multiple failure modes, such as landslides, the consequences should be assessed individually for each of the failure modes. This paper proposes a new framework of quantitative landslide risk assessment, in which consequences are assessed individually. The framework is generally applicable, and the landslide risk assessments of two typical slopes are presented. 相似文献
15.
从易发性、危险性、风险的概念入手,依据国际上流行和通用的滑坡风险评价与管理理论,分析了易发性评价的内容,包括易发性评价到危险性评价需要增加的评价要素,以及从危险性评价到风险评价需要增加的评价要素,阐明了这三种评价之间的联系和区别。并通过延安宝塔区的滑坡易发性、危险性和风险的评价与区划具体说明三者的做法和结果。 相似文献
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The hazard assessment of potential earthquake-induced landslides is an important aspect of the study of earthquake-induced landslides. In this study, we assessed the hazard of potential earthquake-induced landslides in Huaxian County with a new hazard assessment method. This method is based on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and the Newmark cumulative displacement assessment model. The model considers a comprehensive suite of information, including the seismic activities and engineering geological conditions in the study area, and simulates the uncertainty of the intensity parameters of the engineering geological rock groups using the Monte Carlo method. Unlike previous assessment studies on ground motions with a given exceedance probability level, the hazard of earthquake-induced landslides obtained by the method presented in this study allows for the possibility of earthquake-induced landslides in different parts of the study area in the future. The assessment of the hazard of earthquake-induced landslides in this study showed good agreement with the historical distribution of earthquake-induced landslides. This indicates that the assessment properly reflects the macroscopic rules for the development of earthquake-induced landslides in the study area, and can provide a reference framework for the management of the risk of earthquake-induced landslides and land planning. 相似文献
17.
Modeling and risk assessment of landslides using fuzzy logic. Application on the slopes of the Algerian Tell (Algeria) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mohamed Said Guettouche 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(9):3163-3173
Natural risk regains the notion of exposure to natural disaster or dangers of any natural hazard. Its management consists in the assessment and the anticipation of risks, as well as to the setting up of an alert system. From natural risk, we mentioned one bound to landslides in natural slopes that are difficult to surround and approach. Nevertheless, the assessment of landslides risk is the object of several works of research and many models, based on the multicriteria analysis, have been established. It should be noted that based on multicriteria approach, we evaluated, in a previous work, the landslide risk using the weighted sum model. The results reveal that the use of qualitative parameters influenced the classification of slope. This led us to adopt fuzzy logic approaches for assessment. This work examines the contribution of fuzzy sets theory to modeling and assessment of landslides risk in natural slopes. It brought to use this approach that permits the survey of these imprecision in adopting a Mamdani model. The method has been applied on slopes, situated in four areas of the Algerian Tell, where each is characterized by the different natural conditions. The result, put in evidence, summarizes modeling and risk assessment of landslides in an optimal classification of slopes according to the degree of instability risk. It allows decision makers to put in strategies for possible work of these slopes. 相似文献
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分析了滑坡灾害风险评估的基本方法,通过西五路工程实例介绍滑坡灾害风险评估的基本步骤:(1)全面勘察该地区地理地质环境,包括滑坡各项性质及该地区地面设施和人员分布。(2)进行危险性和易损性分析,包括计算滑坡稳定性和滑坡失稳概率。(3)在危险性和易损性分析基础上进行期望损失分析。 相似文献
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区域滑坡风险综合评估应该包括三方面要素,即:滑坡区域风险分布滑坡风险概率、滑坡风险损失。作者在滑坡风险区划的基础上,查明风险分布的状况,评估风险影响的地区范围。根据滑坡的诱发因素,分析发育的滑坡特点,评估滑坡发生的概率。采用受灾面积占评估区域的损失率统计,评估可能受灾损失的规模。将三要素评估迭加,建立了滑坡风险综合评估模型。并将此模型在四川省攀枝花市米易县进行了示范研究,最后得到米易县全县滑坡风险中等偏低的结论,这与研究区的实际情况基本一致,取得了较好的应用效果。 相似文献