共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
2.
焦作矿区地下水水化学特征及其地球化学模拟 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了研究焦作矿区地下水水化学演化机制,查明岩溶水的主要补给来源,为矿井突水防范提供科学依据,对研究区域地下水系统取样分析。综合应用Piper三角图示法、岩性影响分析、相关性分析、总溶解固体分析和水文地球化学过程的定量模拟技术,系统地研究地下水水化学的空间分布规律和演化趋势;建立了地下水质量平衡模型,以提供岩溶地下水化学成分演化机理的定量信息;揭示了Ca2+-Na+、Mg2+-Na+阳离子交换作用、风化溶滤作用、蒸发浓缩作用、白云石的非全等溶解是地下水质演化的主要水文化学过程,为推断矿区地下水的补给来源提供了理论依据。 相似文献
3.
王兆馨 《水文地质工程地质》1979,(3)
随着全国范围内地下水普查勘探工作的广泛开展,愈来愈迫切需要解决区域地下水资源的评价问题。 地下水天然资源和开采资源的概念:地下水是陆地水循环的重要组成部分,地下水与地表水是互相转化的。区域地下水资源的丰富程度和可利用资源的多少,一般情况下,主要取决于补给条件和开采条件。考虑到研究地下水资源区域分布规律和远景规划的需要以及目前我国水资源开发利用的程度,在区域地下水资源研究工作中,主要应区分地下水天然资源和开 相似文献
4.
巴丹吉林沙漠以湖泊众多和沙山高大而闻名于世.到目前为止, 关于湖泊和沙山的成因问题尚存在不同的观点.实际上, 巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊和沙山的形成与该地区地下水的循环交替问题直接相关.参照前人研究成果, 结合开展的巴丹吉林沙漠水文地质调查, 探讨了湖泊和沙山的形成问题, 初步认为巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊主要接受来自东部雅布赖山区区域地下水侧向补给和沙山地下水补给而形成; 高大沙山的形成与降水和地下水关系密切; 高大沙山与湖泊的形成和共存关系是先有沙山, 而后才形成湖泊, 沙山是形成巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊的必备条件. 相似文献
5.
查明大柳塔井田地下水的补迳排和各含水层间及其与地表水的水力联系等水文地质条件,是了解本区资源开发的环境效应和水资源保护利用的前题,水文地球化学研究是解决这一问题的重要手段。为深化水文地球化学研究,在系统收集、综合分析水化学资料（５９组）的基础上,作者分别于１９９５年８月和１９９６年４月配合野外调查,平行采集水化学样２５组和同位素样２４组。运用水化学及环境同位素分析方法,研究了大柳塔矿区地下水的形成过程与运移规律,估算了地下水年龄,概化出地下水形成模式。结果表明,研究区地下水的主要补给源是大气降水,水化学组成受有限化学风化作用制约,类型较简单。地下水的平均年龄较轻,表明地下水形成径流途径短,循环深度浅,地下水资源量有限。这对认识该区水环境条件及其变化具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
关中盆地河水水化学特征及其对地下水化学成分的形成作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汪东云 《水文地质工程地质》1981,(1)
关中盆地蕴藏着丰富的地下水。作为地下水主要补给来源之一的河水。不仅在量的方面直接影响地下水资源的保证程度,而且在质的方面也直接影响地下水水质的形成及开采利用的可能性。现代水文网的分布,受区域地质构造、气候、地形、岩性等条件的制约,与地下水特别是潜水的形成条件具有密切联系。古水文网的分布及其水文地球化学特征在一定程度上亦控制着承压水的形成和分布规律。现代水系与古水 相似文献
7.
8.
1981年,在云南全省地下水资源综合评价工作中,采用水文图分割方法来计算地下水天然补给资源。水文图分割法是利用地表水文站资料绘制的水文图求算地下水资源的一种方法。常年性河流的补给。来源于大气降水与地下水。在枯水期间。降水稀少,河水几乎全由地下水供给。而丰水期间,河川径沈的一部分为雨洪水,另一部分为地下水补给。因此结合汇水区内的自然条件,对地表径流观测资料进行分析,是能够把补给河水的地下径流量分割出来的。在地形起伏的基岩山区,地下水运动迅速,以河流为排泄基准面, 相似文献
9.
地下水对气候变化的敏感性研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地下水是人类生活、生产、生态用水的重要水源。地下水含水层的补给及其开发利用是水资源可持续开发利用与管理的重要组成部分。浅层地下水的补给主要受制于气候变异与变化。气候变化影响研究从地表水扩展至地下水不仅有利于正确地评估可利用的淡水资源,而且对于改进气候模型,更完整的描写水文循环有重要的科学意义。自21世纪以来,欧美等国开始研究不同时空尺度的地下水补给的定量估算方法,并在气候变化对水资源影响的研究中,考虑了气候变化与人类活动对地下水补给的影响。目前在我国,无论对地下水观测资料的诊断分析,或对地下水补给模型的研制都尚属空白或起步阶段。本文对当前国际上研究地下水补给以及地下水对气候变化敏感性的研究现状予以综述,目的是为了推动我国关于气候变化对水资源影响的深入研究。 相似文献
10.
郝振纯 《水文地质工程地质》1992,(6)
本文把系统科学思想和模拟方法应用于水资源评价,利用确定性的流域水文模型与地下水动力学模型的有机结合,组成完整的陆地水文循环模型,最大限度地利用水文气象、水文地质资料,对区域水资源进行合理评价。该模型在不闭合山区流域应用取得满意的效果。 相似文献
11.
华北平原地下水演化地史特征与时空差异性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
近万年以来华北平原地下水演化经历了百年、千年尺度的早全新世增雨、中全新世多雨和晚全新世干旱频发过程, 地下水净补给与降水、蒸发及径流之间水分通量随之变化, 并且在时空上呈现明显的差异性。基于全新世以来华北平原浅部地下水循环演化过程中水量均衡, 280~350 mm年降水量是阈值。当小于该阈值时, 地下水系统呈现负均衡; 现阶段不是区域地下水净补给最少时期, 而是处于全新世多年平均水平。目前, 华北平原区域地下水位不断下降是人类耗用地下水的强度远超过自然水循环的更新能力所致, 急需规范人类用水行为。 相似文献
12.
13.
Semi-arid environments are generally more sensitive to urbanization than humid regions in terms of both hydrologic modifications
and water resources sustainability. The current study integrates hydrologic modeling and land use projections to predict long-term
impacts of urbanization on hydrologic behavior and water supply in semi-arid regions. The study focuses on the Upper Santa
Clara River basin in northern Los Angeles County, CA, USA, which is undergoing rapid and extensive development. The semi-distributed
Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) model is parameterized with land use, soil, and channel characteristics of the
study watershed. Model parameters related to hydrologic processes are calibrated at the daily time step using various spatial
configurations of precipitation and parameters. Potential urbanization scenarios are generated on the basis of a regional
development plan. The calibrated (and validated) model is run under the proposed development scenarios for a 10 year period.
Results reveal that increasing development increases total annual runoff and wet season flows, while decreases are observed
in existing baseflow and groundwater recharge during both dry and wet seasons. As development increases, medium-sized storms
increase in both peak flow and overall volume, while low and high flow events (extremes) appear less affected. Urbanization
is also shown to decrease natural recharge and, when considered at the regional scale, may result in a loss of critical water
supply to Southern California. The current study provides a coupled framework for a decision support tool that can guide efforts
involved in regional urban development planning and water supply management. 相似文献
14.
The development of large-scale bedrock quarry operations often requires high-volume and long-term groundwater extraction to maintain a sustainable working environment. These dewatering activities often influence groundwater levels and flow patterns regionally. In the present study, the influence of the dewatering of the travertine quarry operations near the city of Tivoli, Italy, are quantitatively investigated through an integrated analysis of field data and numerical modeling. Lowering of regional groundwater levels in the vicinity of the quarry has led to destructive land subsidence and alterations to the flow system sustaining a hot-spring area. The study employs a finite element numerical model (FEFLOW) to evaluate and quantify the impact of the extensive dewatering on fault-controlled regional groundwater flow in the Acque Albule basin. By incorporating the physical field data and historical hydrologic information, the numerical model was calibrated against three groundwater scenarios, reproducing the effects of different exploitation activities, coupled with natural changes over the course of the quarry operation. The results indicate that groundwater withdrawals by the mining industry and by “Terme di Roma” spa resulted in the cessation of flow from the primary thermal spring and a drop in the phreatic level in the area consequently affected by land subsidence. 相似文献
15.
16.
研究目的是采用水文模型系统(HMS)模拟峨嵋河流域暴雨水文过程,并为长江上游地区气候和水文响应研究提供可靠的信息。HMS是一种分布式水文模型可用于研究各种气候因子和地表覆盖变化而引起的水文过程响应,该系统(HMS)利用气象、土壤类型、土地利用和地表覆盖、数字高程(DEM)和降雨径流等资料,研究气候、陆面、地表水和地下水的相互作用机理。在本次研究中,采用SCS Curve Number(CN)和Green-Ampt(GA)方法来计算径流过程,用GIS来数字化DEM、土壤、土地利用和陆地覆盖数据。通过用不同时间间隔的降雨和不同计算方法的水力参数模拟水文过程,来检验降雨的时间尺度效应和水力参数的空间变异性对水文过程的影响。结果表明,HMS对峨嵋河流域暴雨洪水的模拟及预测具有较好的适用性。 相似文献
17.
Impacts of soil conservation on groundwater recharge in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Soil conservation measures undertaken to address land degradation can alter the hydrologic cycle by changing partitioning of water fluxes at the land surface. While effects on runoff are well documented, impacts of soil conservation activities on fluxes to groundwater are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to examine fluxes to groundwater in a semi-arid area of China’s Loess Plateau that has been subject to extensive soil conservation activities. Unsaturated zone pore-water pressures and concentrations of chloride show that impacts on deep drainage differ between ecological and structural soil conservation approaches. High matric potentials and low chloride beneath cultivated terrace and gulley sites are consistent with deep drainage occurring at these sites. Estimated recharge rates for dryland cultivated upland sites were approximately 55??0?mm/year (11??8% of mean annual rainfall) based upon chloride mass balance. In contrast, results suggest that mature tree and shrub plantations prevent deep drainage. Stable isotope signatures of unsaturated-zone moisture and groundwater indicate that focused infiltration through gullies and other topographic lows is likely to be the primary recharge mechanism. The results of this study highlight the potential for inadvertent effects of some soil conservation approaches on regional water resources. 相似文献
18.
阐述了水资源承载力的内涵，概算了区域水资源环境容量及生态需水量，最后对区域水资源承载力进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
19.
上海地下水环境容量评价及在地面沉降控制中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在分析地下水水环境容量内涵及地下水资源开发利用产生的环境效应基础上,探讨了地下水环境容量的概念,认为地下水环境容量是用来表征一定目标约束下,地下水系统对自然或人类活动影响所能承受能力的最大阙值,并以上海市为例,采用地下水临界水位、地面沉降量、地下水质作为评价指标对地下水环境容量进行了评价,并将其应用于上海市地面沉降防治工作中,剖析了地下水资源管理和地面沉降控制的工作机制。升,第四承压含水层向弹性变形态势转变,土体表现为微量回弹。 相似文献
20.
《China Geology》2021,4(3):498-508
The surface watershed and groundwater basin have fixed recharge scale, which are not only the basic unit for hydrologic cycle research but also control the water resources formation and evolution and its corresponding eco-geological environment pattern. To accurately identify the boundary of the surface watershed and groundwater basin is the basis for properly understanding hydrologic cycle and conducting the water balance analysis at watershed scale in complicated geologic structure area, especially when the boundary are inconsistent. In this study, the Dalinuoer Lake located in the middle of the Inner Mongolian Plateau which has complicated geologic structure was selected as the representative case. Based on the multidisciplinary comprehensive analysis of topography, tectonics, hydrogeology, groundwater dynamics and stable isotopes, the results suggest the following: (1) The surface watershed ridge and groundwater basin divide of Dalinuoer Lake are inconsistent. The surface watershed was divided into two separate groundwater systems almost having no groundwater exchange by the SW-NE Haoluku Anticlinorium Fault which has obvious water-blocking effect. The surface drainage area of Dalinuoer Lake is 6139 km2. The northern regional A is the Dalinuoer Lake groundwater system with an area of 4838 km2, and the southern regional B is the Xilamulun Riverhead groundwater system with an area of 1301 km2. (2) The groundwater in the southern of regional A and the spring-feeding river are the important recharge sources for the Dalinuoer Lake, and it has greater recharge effects than the northern Gonggeer River system. (3) It is speculated that the trend of Haoluku Anticlinorium Fault is the boundary of the westerlies and the East Asian summer Monsoon (EASM) climate systems, which further pinpoints the predecessor’s understanding of this boundary line. At present, the Dalinuoer Lake watershed is proved to have gone through a prominent warming-drying trend periods, which leads to the precipitation reduction, temperature rise, human activities water usage increasement. So the hydrological cycle and lake eco-environment at watershed scale will still bound to be change, which may pose the potential deterioration risk on the suitability of fish habitat. The results can provide basic support for better understanding water balance evolution and lake area shrinkage cause as well as the ecological protection and restoration implementation of Dalinuoer Lake watershed.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献