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1.
《国际水道非航行使用法公约》被认可的区域差异性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《国际水道非航行使用法公约》是第一个生效、旨在实现跨境水资源公平合理利用的全球公约,但《公约》原则与条款争议造成缔约国数量有限,综合影响力受到削减。利用《全球跨境流域》、《国际淡水条约数据库》、《世界环境协定》等数据库信息等,确定《公约》缔约国的国际河流地理位置,结合各缔约国水资源及利用现状、跨境水资源分布及区域合作开发状况、《公约》原则和争议条款等,分析、判断缔约国的区域及目标差异特征,结果表明：① 缔约国仅分布于欧洲、亚洲和非洲3个地区36国家,《公约》被认可程度低、影响力有限;② 《公约》在平衡上下游权利与义务中对下游国谋求水开发利益更为有利,下游国缔约意愿更强、对其认可度最高;《公约》对中游、边界及上下游均衡及支流地区的流域国有制衡作用,影响着流域国的缔约愿意;③ 缺水状况和位居下游、国际河流地位重要及对跨境水资源的依赖驱使相关国家不断寻求增强对跨境水资源管控能力的途径,缔结《公约》成为一项重要选择;④ 区域性水法的发展与实践是流域国缔结《公约》的基础,绝大多数国家的缔约意愿多源于对水资源合作开发实践,而流域下游及中游国家则源于跨境水资源合作机制建设和水资源合作开发两个方面的经验。 相似文献
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《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):207-216
The multiple interfaces of the European Landscape Convention were the topic of a roundtable panel discussion held at the meeting of the Permanent European Conference for the Study of the Rural Landscape in September 2006. The roundtable was convened by Kenneth R. Olwig, who together with four other speakers presented the main topics for discussion. Their presentations are given here as a series of short articles. Initially a brief historical background and the main provisions of the European Landscape Convention (Florence Convention) of 2000, in force 2004, are presented. The interfaces with law, landscape ecology, heritage, and globalisation are then successively discussed. Finally, the European Landscape Convention itself is examined as a discursive interface, with contradictory as well as synergetic aspects. 相似文献
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Singapore is alleged to be a key node in global flows of e‐waste prohibited under the Basel Convention. We combine a close reading of the Convention and related documents with findings from nonparticipant observation of and interviews with Singapore‐based traders of discarded electronics. The case offers both important conceptual and empirical findings for future studies of territory in market‐making activity. Conceptually, our research suggests that it may be analytically useful in such studies to conceptualize territory without presupposing that it is generated as a result of separate domains or logics such as ‘the political’ or ‘the economic’. Empirically, we find that the regulatory framework of the Convention, combined with the action of traders based in Singapore, generates a territorialization of the city‐state such that it operates as a crack in the regulatory edifice of the Convention, even as Singapore lawfully fulfils its obligations to it. Moreover, allegations premised on the role of Singapore as a facilitator of global e‐waste dumping misrepresent its crucial role as a conduit of electronic equipment for the significant reuse markets elsewhere in Southeast Asia and beyond. The case indicates that the allegations against Singapore hinge on the city‐state being territorialized as a ‘developing country’. 相似文献
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经过数年准备,南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(以下简称"CCAMLR")在未经系统论证,许多关键的科学和法律问题仍然模糊不清,甚至存在争议的情况下,通过了《关于建立CCAMLR海洋保护区的总体框架》(以下简称"《总体框架》"),期望以此为有关南极海洋保护区建设的讨论提供一个框架。《总体框架》通过的时间相对仓促,加上政治因素的介入,导致海洋保护区建设在法律架构、科学基础和管理、监测、评估等方面存在一系列问题,使得成员国在关于设立海洋保护区的具体讨论中面临大量分歧。在这个问题上,CCAMLR的当务之急是充分尊重《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》(以下简称"《公约》")及CCAMLR现有养护制度和实践,以科学为基础和核心,创造公平、透明的条件和氛围,从法律、科学和技术问题着手,理顺海洋保护区建设的总体制度,为成员国围绕南极海洋保护区的磋商提供切实可行的基础。 相似文献
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随着全球气候变暖,北极地区丰富的自然资源和独特的地理区位使其战略价值一时凸显。环北极国家为了该地区丰富的自然资源和战略优势展开了一系列行动,也产生了一系列争端。除了北极八国间存在着主权与主权权利的争端外,各地理不利国家也纷纷依据《联合国海洋法公约》的相关规定主张其在北极地区应有的权利和利益,由此加重了北极地缘政治关系的复杂性。鉴于现有的北极多边法律文件以及环北极国家行使主权的实践,在"人类共同继承"原则下,亟需澄清环北极国家在《联合国海洋法公约》下的权利义务,进而协调好它们与包括中国在内的地理不利国家之间的关系。 相似文献
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The publication of the European Landscape Convention (2000) had a stimulating effect on the development of both new systems of landscape classification and new methods of their evaluation and mapping. As an example, a new classification of physiognomic landscape types was developed in Poland in 2014. The objectives of the paper are to (1) popularize, on the international scale, the classification of physiognomic landscape types in a new, improved version, (2) present the original method of physiognomic landscape types mapping with the use of the system of basic landscape units, and (3) present the results of testing of the method in the area of the Kazimierz Landscape Park, Poland. In the area of the Kazimierz Landscape Park, 491 basic landscape units were delimited, within which, on the basis of the leading traits of land relief and cover forms, the physiognomic landscape types were identified. Maps of this type can be important tools in implementing the recommendations of the European Landscape Convention. The total number of physiognomic landscape types identified within a specific area can be one of the key indicators of landscape diversity. 相似文献
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滨海湿地,在日本,一般被称为"干潟",对日本社会可持续发展意义重大。鉴于日本滨海湿地消失速度极快,日本十分重视保护滨海湿地。以《拉姆萨尔公约》为依据,日本出台了一系列有关干潟、浅海域的决议及劝告书。近几年日本国内正热烈讨论制定"湿地保全法"。 相似文献
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MohanSiwakoti 《湿地科学》2007,5(3):193-200
The lands with water,in general,are consideredas wetlands.The wetlands are most complex andhighly productive but more vulnerable ecosystem inthe earth.The wetland systems directly support mil-lions of people and provide good and services to theworld.They … 相似文献
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黄河大堤与下游黄河申报世界遗产刍议 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
黄河大堤与下游黄河符合《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》中对世界遗产的定义以及相关的标准,应该可以作为文化与自然双重遗产申报列入《世界遗产名录》。如果申报成功,将能提高我国人民对黄河大堤与下游黄河的认识和自豪感,有利于世界人民对黄河大堤与下游黄河的全面了解和对中国文化的深入理解,从而更能加强对黄河大堤与下游黄河的保护。至今没有人提出这个问题,可能是因为存在一些需要解除的思想束缚。我国一向重视治黄的问题,黄河大堤受到精心的保护,对黄河问题的研究也成绩卓著,这些对申报都十分有利。当前,非常需要有关方面进行认真的讨论,以取得共识,决定是否需要立即开展这一工作。 相似文献
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I. I. Maksimova 《Geography and Natural Resources》2013,34(2):124-128
This paper is concerned with the implications of the status of World Natural Heritage Sites, the position of the Russian state on the issues related to observance of the provisions of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, and the authorities-civil society relationships on these problems. An analysis is made of the possibilities of effectively using the world heritage institute in Russia in the interests of preserving world values. A number of legal and organizational measures for their conservation are suggested. 相似文献
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世界遗产旅游教育功能的认知与实现 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
旅游教育是实现世界遗产教育功能的主要途径之一。它可以使受教育者认清世界遗产的珍贵价值和《世界遗产公约》的中心思想,提高文化素养和审美能力,自觉遵守“真实性和完整性”的世界遗产工作原则。这些功能需要教师、学校、媒体和政府的共同努力才能实现。 相似文献
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The 110th Anniversary of the Geographical Society of China(GSC)&the China Conference on Geography 2019 was held at China National Convention Center(CNCC),Beijing,China and Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IGNSRR)from November 1st to 3rd,2019.Under the theme of“Innovation,Development and Glory–Theory and Practice of Chinese Geography”,the event attracted about 3000 participants from more than 20 countries of the world. 相似文献
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中国荒漠化潜在发生范围的修订 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了客观反映中国荒漠化发生区域,按照联合国防治荒漠化《公约》的定义,利用1950-1990年间全国671个气象站的长时间序列气象数据,分别采用Thornthwaite和Penman计算可能蒸散量的方法计算了湿润指数的分布,然后根据中国气候区划和中国植被区划以及中国荒漠化发生的特点等对计算结果进行了调整,对中国荒漠化潜在发生范围进行了修订,明确了荒漠化各气候类型区的地理涵义。研究结果表明：①《公约》定义的荒漠化潜在发生范围及各气候类型区的划分标准不完全适用于中国。②中国的荒漠化发生在极干旱区、干旱区、半干旱区和亚湿润干旱区。极干旱区对应极旱荒漠,干旱区对应典型荒漠、草原化荒漠以及荒漠草原,半干旱区对应典型草原,亚湿润干旱区对应草甸草原中偏干旱的部分。③修订后中国荒漠化潜在发生范围总面积约4 524 089.1 km2,约占国土总面积的47.1％,其中亚湿润干旱区、半干旱区、干旱区和极干旱区分别占12.6％、28.8％、34.4％和24.2％。荒漠化潜在发生范围修订后比修订前增加1 207 056.9 km2,其中亚湿润干旱区面积减少,半干旱区、干旱区和极干旱区面积增加。 相似文献
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Patricia Gober Amy K. Glasmeier James M. Goodman David A. Plane Howard A. Stafford Joseph S. Wood 《The Professional geographer》1995,47(3):329-336
This paper, the second in a series dealing with employment trends in geography, focuses on current labor market conditions. Two windows on the current labor market are (1) the employment experiences of recent graduates of geography programs and (2) the activities of the Association of American Geographers Convention Placement Services (CoPS). The former provides a perspective primarily on the nonacademic labor market in geography and includes bachelor's, master's, and doctoral recipients of geography degrees. The latter covers both academic and nonacademic jobs but focuses on geographers who hold advanced degrees. 相似文献
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《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》框架下的海洋保护区建设备受国际社会关注。2009年,南极海洋生物资源养护委员会建立了第一个海洋保护区,但2012年以来,罗斯海海洋保护区提案以及东南极海洋保护区代表体系提案却一直没有进展,其中涉及了南极条约体系解读与海洋保护区定义等法律争论、保护区建设与地缘政治控制以及排斥其他国家渔业活动等政治争论。研究表明,虽然委员会有权建立海洋保护区,以实现养护南极生物资源的目标,但两个提案一定程度上超越了委员会的职责范围;且这两个提案一定程度上都与提案国的南极领土主权以及渔业活动相关联,无法排除其他国家的政治关切;提案每年变化,也体现了政治妥协。因此,为真正实现按公约养护南极生物资源的目标,应切实解决相关的法律与政治关切,提高程序的透明度,扩大参与度,并认真实施对已建立的海洋保护区的研究与监测。 相似文献
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赵歆 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(1):126-126
Sponsored by the Association of Japanese Geographers （AJG） and jointly undertaken by the Geographical Society of China （GSC） and the Korean Geographical Society （KGS） and Kumamoto University, the Second Japan-Korea-China Symposium of Young Geographers was held at Kumamoto University in Japan on October 2-5, 2007. It was a successful continuation after the First China-Japan-Korea Symposium of Young Geographers launched by the GSC and held at Beijing Normal University in China on September 16-18, 2006. The 2007 project was also completed with the aid of Professor Murayama Yuji, from University of Tsukuba and the Kumamoto International Convention and Tourism Bureau. 相似文献
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黑龙江省湿地法律定义评析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过对国内外湿地定义的分析,结合黑龙江省湿地的特征,运用比较分析的方法探讨进一步完善黑龙江省湿地的法律定义。研究表明：黑龙江省湿地法律定义应当与《国际重要湿地公约》相适应;要包括天然湿地和人工建造的部分湿地;应当将湿地的认证从定义中删除,在《黑龙江省湿地保护条例》湿地管理一章中加以规定。《黑龙江省湿地保护条例》中湿地的定义可以表述为：“湿地是指本省范围内天然或人工形成的、包括常年或季节性存在的沼泽地、湿原、泥炭地或水域地带等”。 相似文献
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In 1994, the World Heritage Committee adopted a strategy to make World Heritage Sites more “representative.” This article assesses the biogeographic representativeness of natural World Heritage Sites, identifying well‐represented and underrepresented biomes and ecological realms. The analysis reveals that sites are not representative in biogeographic terms. However, the identification of an optimal definition of representation is a controversial challenge. Furthermore, the value of representativeness as a goal for a program geared toward protecting exceptional sites is questionable. Instead, representativeness is of greater importance across all protected areas, leaving the World Heritage Convention to fulfill its original mission of protecting the “outstanding.” 相似文献