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珍珠质水溶性基质蛋白的分离纯化及其对碳酸钙结晶的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
珍珠质是由大于95％的碳酸钙晶体与少量有机大分子组成的生物矿化产物。其中含量小于5％的基质蛋白(mattix protein)对碳酸钙晶体的形成进行严格控制。为深入研究珍珠质基质蛋白对碳酸钙结晶的调控作用，本研究利用水提法从合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)珍珠质中提取出水溶性基质(Water Soluble Matrix,WSM)，并利用反相HPLC分离得到3个主要蛋白组分(FⅠ—Ⅲ)。氨基酸组成分析表明，WSM及其3种组分富含甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸与亮氨酸。体外饱和碳酸钙溶液结晶实验表明，WSM能显著影响体外碳酸钙晶体的形成；其3种组分对碳酸钙晶体形成的作用并不相同：组分FⅠ和组分FⅡ加速晶体的形成。而组分Ⅲ则抑制晶体的形成。本研究首次发现在珍珠质中同时存在抑制和促进晶体形成的两种蛋白质因子，推测珍珠质致密有序结构的形成是正、负两种调控机制共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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克隆得到了合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)PF-CREB3L2蛋白的c DNA序列,其c DNA全长1 983 bp,其中开放阅读框长度为1 728 bp,编码的蛋白含有575个氨基酸残基。组织表达分布实验发现,其在合浦珠母贝内脏囊中表达量最高,在外套膜和鳃中也有大量表达,推测其广泛参与合浦珠母贝的贝壳形成等生理活动。贝壳损伤修复实验中发现,在合浦珠母贝贝壳受到损伤后,PF-CREB3L2和基质蛋白的表达量会迅速上升,且PF-CREB3L2的峰值出现更早,推测其通过影响基质蛋白转录,参与合浦珠母贝生物矿化的调控过程。PF-CREB3L2与合浦珠母贝基质蛋白表达相关性的分析发现,PF-CREB3L2与Prisilkin39、KRMP的表达量呈现显著的正相关,说明其可能特异性地调控某些基质蛋白的转录。 相似文献
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三倍体和二倍体合浦珠母贝育珠比较初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用人工诱导培育的三倍体合浦珠母贝Pinctada martensii(D.)进行插核育珠试验,并同处理组内的二倍体同胞进行比较。结果表明:三倍体合浦珠母贝的留核率和正圆珠比率分别为81.0％和58.8％,而二倍体则为71.3％和37.8％;在非正圆珠中两者的污珠率差别不大,但三倍体的尾巴珠和素珠的比率明显低于二倍体;三倍体的正圆珠珍珠层平均厚度和平均重量分别为381μm和163mg,二倍体分别为265μm和105mg,两者差异极显著(P<0.01)。初步表明,利用三倍体合浦珠母贝培育珍珠,能缩短育珠期,提高珍珠的产量和质量。 相似文献
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海洋酸化对马氏珠母贝珍珠层形成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了酸化环境对马氏珠母贝珍珠层形成的影响。在温度为28℃,盐度为31的条件下,分别在p H 8.2(对照组,CG)、p H 7.7(实验一组,E1)和p H 7.4(实验二组,E2)的海水中养殖马氏珠母贝,观察贝壳珍珠层结晶形貌的变化,并检测珍珠层形成相关的矿化基因(pif177、nacrein及pearlin)在外套膜中央区(mantle center,MC)的表达。结果表明:(1)通过扫描电镜观察贝壳,比较对照组与实验组贝壳晶体形貌变化,发现E1组贝壳珍珠层低倍镜下,生长阶梯明显,高倍镜下超微结构规则,六边形棱角不明显,但边界清晰;而E2组出现板块边界不明显,生长排列不规则等现象,说明了海水酸化影响了马氏珠母贝的钙沉积,引起珍珠层形貌特征的变化;(2)实验设定条件下,pif177、nacrein及pearlin基因表达量整体上呈现随p H降低而降低的变化趋势。其中,E1组与CG组间均无显著性差异(P0.05),E2组均较CG组显著下调(P0.05)。 相似文献
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珍珠生长激素在合浦珠母贝育珠中的作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以合浦珠母贝Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａ ｍａｒｔｅｎｓｉｉ （Ｄｕｎｋｅｒ）作为珠母贝进行插核育试验,分别以其左、右边外套膜作为小片,并用珍珠生长激素浸泡小片,两个试验用珍珠生长激素浸光怕小片各插核育珠贝２００个,空白对组用海水浸泡小片插核育珠贝２０７个,育珠时间为６个多月。试验结束时,实验组珍珠的正圆珠率,白色珍珠比例以及珠层厚度在比空白对照组分别提高了９．２８％,２２．５７％和５２μｍ。 相似文献
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人工诱发合浦珠母贝雌核二倍体发生及“Hertwig效应”的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用中心波长为254nm、光照强度为4μW/cm~2的紫外线,照射合浦珠母贝[Pinctada ma-tensil(D_o)]和长耳珠母贝[Pinctada chemnitzi(P_o)]的精子,然后与合浦珠母贝的正常卵授精,在0-150s的照射范围内,从早期胚胎存活率上可以观察到“Hertwig效应”的存在,由此得到的单倍体和非整倍体胚胎在孵化前死亡。精子经120s紫外线照射后,染色体完全失活,但受精作用仍能正常发生。长耳珠母贝精子经 120s照射,异种授精(♀合×♂长)后21min,用浓度为0.4mg/l的细胞松弛素B处理15min,抑制受精卵的第二极体排放,可以诱发合浦珠母贝产生74.0％雌核二倍体胚胎,其孵化率为2.1％。 相似文献
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经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力,我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破,为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障,为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品,这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用,通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷,为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾,对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结,对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望;适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变,同时兼顾生态环境效益,为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献
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通过人工授精技术对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus )和夏鲆( Paralichthys dentatus )进行了正反交及回交实验,并比较了正反交、回交子代的胚胎发育时序和仔稚幼鱼的生长.结果表明:孵化水温18.0±0.5℃下,初孵仔鱼破膜用时为:牙鲆41 h,正交鲆47 h,回交牙鲆42 h30 min,回交夏鲆44 h;16.5±0.5℃下,夏鲆61 h 40 min,反交鲆66 h.正交及两组回交子代在胚胎期均可正常发育.反交子代卵裂期出现异常,仅少数胚胎可以孵化.胚胎孵化后,在1~64日的培养过程中,反交鲆于3~4 d 内全部死亡,回交牙鲆发育至18日龄时全部死亡.正交鲆和回交夏鲆可正常发育,与牙鲆没有明显差别 相似文献
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克隆获得缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Sc-GSTσ)和热休克蛋白90(Sc-HSP90)基因的cDNA全长,分析了它们的组织表达差异及其在氨氮胁迫下的表达特征。结果表明,Sc-GSTσ的全长cDNA为1 414 bp,含有639 bp的开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF),编码212个氨基酸,Sc-GSTσ氨基酸序列与其他物种的GST氨基酸序列同源性为31.88%～43.40%;而Sc-HSP90的全长cDNA为2 752 bp,ORF为2 181 bp,编码726个氨基酸,其氨基酸序列与其他物种HSP90的氨基酸序列同源性为76.77%～87.05%。荧光定量PCR分析发现,Sc-GSTσ和Sc-HSP90在缢蛏各组织中均有表达,两者均在肝胰腺中表达量最高。氨氮胁迫后,Sc-GSTσ和Sc-HSP90 mRNA在肝胰腺中表达均显著上调(p<0.05),表明氨氮胁迫引起机体的应激反应,2个基因可能参与机体解毒或防御过程。但胁迫后期表达量下降推测是机体的防御能力有限,不足以完全保护宿主免受应激诱导的细胞损伤。 相似文献
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为了探究经过15年种间竞争后的外来无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)与乡土红树植物秋茄(Kandelia obovata)的群落现状与发展趋势,采用样方法对福建省厦门市同安湾典型红树林群落特征开展实地研究。结果表明:(1)无瓣海桑是无瓣海桑群落中的优势种,而秋茄仅在该群落北侧与无瓣海桑少量混交,秋茄+无瓣海桑群落为种植秋茄和无瓣海桑的茂密混交林;(2)调查幼苗天然更新情况中发现,在两个群落中秋茄均有幼苗自然生长,但均未发现无瓣海桑幼苗;(3)生长状况的调查发现,无瓣海桑长势较秋茄差,其倒伏数量和倒伏程度明显比秋茄严重;(4)无瓣海桑在秋茄+无瓣海桑群落中的生长状况优于在无瓣海桑群落,倒伏程度较轻。综上可见,无瓣海桑在福建省厦门市该研究样地及其周边更新成林和扩散困难,未有入侵秋茄群落的优势;无瓣海桑在风浪环境下,较秋茄更易出现倒伏和枯死等不可逆生长现象;红树林种植过程中采用"外来种+乡土种"的模式,可提高整个林分的抗风浪能力,但需注意种植布局规格的合理性,可避免外来速生快长种与乡土种紧邻混交产生较大的种间竞争,减小对乡土种生长的影响。 相似文献
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为探究肿瘤易感基因101(简称TSG101)对斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)的免疫应答作用,了解在细菌刺激下斑节对虾的机体发生的变化机制,本研究以哈维弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)为实验组,以磷酸缓冲液(PBS)为对照组,通过荧光定量分析展开对斑节对虾对菌刺激的免疫应答作用。结果显示,斑节对虾的TSG101在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激下,斑节对虾的TSG101在肝胰腺中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第12小时的TSG101 mRNA的表达量达到最大(为对照组的21.60倍);在鳃中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第6小时斑节对虾TSG101的表达量达到最大值(为对照组的3.64倍)。在注射哈维弧菌第9小时,肝胰腺中的PmTSG101 mRNA表达量极显著上调(P0.01)且达到最大(为对照组的2.50倍)。实验结果初步表明,斑节TSG101参与斑节对虾的先天免疫反应,在金黄色葡萄球菌和哈维弧菌的刺激的情况下,该基因RNA水平的表达情况发生明显变化。 相似文献
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Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献
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ＰｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆＰｏｎｎｏｔｈｅｒｅｓｐｈｏｌａｄｉｓｌｉｖｉｎｇｉｎｍａｎｔｌｅｃａｖｉｔｙｏｆＨｉａｔｕｌａａｃｕｔａＹａｎｇＹａｏｃｏｎｇ,ＬｉＦｕｘｕｅ１,ＣａｉＬｉｚｈｅ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｐｒｉｌ２４,１９９７... 相似文献
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Conjugation of phenolic xenobiotics and metabolites through sulfation and glucuronidation is an important biotransformation pathway. Sulfotransferases (SULT) are generally considered non-inducible, while some UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoenzymes are co-induced with cytochrome P450-1A by Ah-receptor ligands. To test these assumptions for two fish species, we measured sulfation and glucuronidation of 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene in 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) treated channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) from the creosote contaminated Atlantic Wood site in the Elizabeth River, VA. The results show a significant induction of both UGT and SULT activity in 3-MC treated catfish, linked to the expected induction of EROD activity. In mummichog, significant induction of UGT was measured at the contaminated site over the reference site (King's Creek, VA), as well as extremely low SULT activities at both sites. Western blots, using a polyclonal antibody for catfish phenol-type SULT, confirmed the absence of phenol-type SULT in mummichog. Residual, though slightly inducible, SULT activity may be attributed to other SULT isoforms. 相似文献
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Copper and iron concentrations in three brown algae, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Laminaria digitata (and additionally Mn in L. digitata) from the Irish west coast were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Metal concentrations in the three species were indicative of prevailing bioavailable metal concentrations in situ but varied greatly between functional tissue parts, between sites and over time. Cu concentrations in actively growing tips of A. nodosum decreased over a 4-month period during autumn/winter, while Fe concentrations increased. Both Fe and Cu concentrations in different thallus sections of A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus increased with increasing age of thallus part in a clean site, but there was no consistent trend for F. vesiculosus from an industrialized site. Within sites, concentrations of all Cu and Fe were similar in both fucoids, but concentrations at the industrialized site were about twice as high as at the pristine site. In L. digitata, all three metals were highest in holdfasts, but had distinctly different distribution patterns in stipes and blade sections, which were most likely related to growth pattern and tissue function. Fe was lowest in meristematic and young blade regions, suggesting small-scale Fe limitation in actively growing tissue. Mn concentrations were higher in distal blade sections than in stipes, and Cu concentrations were highest in meristematic and young thallus parts. 相似文献