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1.
降雨作用下边坡不同深度岩土体所经受的劣化作用强度差异显著，从而影响边坡的稳定性。以深圳典型渣土边坡为例，基于改进的 Ｇｒｅｅｎ－Ａｍｐｔ模型计算降雨作用下的浸润锋深度，通过干湿循环与直剪试验，获得了浸润锋内渣土抗剪强度参数的劣化规律，结合劣化规律并采用双强度折减法研究了不同降雨工况下渣土边坡的稳定性。研究结果表明:随着干湿循环次数的增加，渣土的黏聚力及内摩擦角均减小，且前期减小得快，后期缓慢，４次干湿循环后趋于稳定，符合指数函数的变化趋势，保持稳定不再衰减的渣土黏聚力为９．５ｋＰａ，内摩擦角为１９°；综合降雨入渗的干湿循环以及双强度折减法得到的渣土边坡的稳定性系数较仅采用传统强度折减法得到的稳定性系数有大幅度的降低，最 大 减 小 了４４．５％。该方法可以用于准确评价降雨作用下边坡稳定性。 相似文献
2.
震源机制解表明：长江三峡水库巴东库段地震的发震应力是由库水荷载作用造成的。进一步分析认为，地震可能是库岸区浅地表岩层在库水荷载为主的水岩耦合作用下沿易滑结构面滑动的结果。 相似文献
3.
水对岩土体的力学参数存在明显的劣化效应。开展了不同含水率条件下滑坡堆积体三轴力学试验, 建立了饱和度和力学参数之间的经验方程; 对建立的经验方程进行了二次开发, 通过饱和度和力学参数的耦合, 实现了库水位实时变动过程中考虑岩土体力学参数变化对滑坡稳定性的影响, 克服了库水位变动过程中岩土体物理力学参数不能随库水入渗变化的局限性。通过云南省兰坪县大华滑坡在库水位变动环境下的模拟结果和现场监测数据的比对, 验证了考虑岩土体力学参数水致劣化效应的合理性, 并对大华滑坡考虑水致劣化效应的变形演化规律进行了工程应用。 相似文献
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通过对太原市杏花岭区小返乡后李家山村的两处边坡进行勘察,主要查明岩土类型、成因、工程特性以及岩土的透水性和地下水的出露情况,查明坡体岩土的物理力学性质和软弱结构面的抗剪强度,对边坡的稳定性进行了分析,稳定性分析采用圆弧滑动法进行,两处边坡均处于不稳定状态,在降水条件诱发下极易发生滑动,必须尽快进行综合整治. 相似文献
6.
以黄冈地区青石镇政府后山堆积层滑坡为例，在分析了其工程地质特征及地质结构特征的基础上，采用有限元法研究了非饱和土瞬态体积含水量及孔隙水压力的分布，采用考虑孔隙水压力的Janbu法分析计算了降雨对堆积层滑坡安全系数的影响。研究结果表明:①降雨入渗导致坡体孔隙水压力升高，滑面抗剪强度降低，安全系数也随之逐渐降低，其中在降雨前期，两侧的抗剪强度下降速率比中部快，而到了后期中部的抗剪强度下降速率明显快于两侧；②安全系数变化表现为前19 d以0.008/d的速率缓慢下降，19~30 d以0.03/d的速率缓慢下降，30 d以后下降速度降低，至36 d之后不再发生变化，其中在0~11 d两侧抗剪强度变化对滑坡整体稳定性变化的贡献比中部大，19~36 d中部抗剪强度变化对滑坡整体稳定性变化的贡献要比两侧大；③降雨入渗过程中，地下水从坡体表层和两侧流向坡体中部，负孔压区面积向中部不断压缩，中部地下水变化受到两侧及上层的制约，体积含水量及孔隙水压力变化相对滞后；④该滑坡的防治重点是做好降雨前期坡体后缘地下水截流以及前缘地下水排泄工作，同时，做好地表排水，减少降雨入渗。 相似文献
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滑坡是水库库区主要地质灾害类型之一,开展水库滑坡成因机制研究具有重要理论意义和工程应用价值.利用WebofScience(WoS)数据库和VOSviewer文献计量工具对1999-2018年已发表的969篇以水库滑坡为主题的相关论文进行研究趋势分析.文献计量分析表明三峡库区滑坡稳定性和变形研究是未来水库滑坡成因机制研究主要趋势.从库水对滑坡的宏观力学作用方式、库水作用下岩土体渗流应力耦合机理和库水对岩土体劣化作用过程等方面,对国内外水库滑坡成因机制研究的主要成果与进展进行了综述.综合现有的研究成果指出水库滑坡在精细化地质建模、岩土体多场耦合特征参数获取和岸坡长期演化评价等方面尚存在不足.基于上述问题,提出水库滑坡成因机制研究应以多场信息监测为重要手段,立足多学科交叉,采用大数据融合与挖掘和人工智能技术等解决水库滑坡长期演化趋势难题.考虑水库滑坡所处地质环境的复杂性,建议未来应在水库滑坡立体精细地质建模、多场关联监测、地质结构多场多尺度演变过程、基于监测数据大数据分析的滑坡预警阈值确定和原位试验综合平台构建等方面进一步深入研究. 相似文献
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认为第三平台挡土墙及地面变形并非土体整体滑动造成 ,而是由于墙后上层滞水的形成和富集及地面堆载的作用 ,使得墙后土体产生了湿陷变形和一定的压缩变形 ;同时又使土体湿化 ,降低了土的抗剪强度 ,增大了主动土压力所造成。 相似文献
9.
库岸滑坡体分布广泛,在库水位升降和降雨条件下极易失稳。三板溪水电站东岭信滑坡堆积体总方量2 000×104 m3,最大厚度150 m,2006年水电站蓄水后滑坡体开始出现大变形,每年雨季加剧。首先经野外地质勘察和十余年监测数据整理,探明了地质条件和变形规律;其次使用SEEP/W模块对不同库水位升降速率、2019年库水位结合实测降雨条件下的饱和-非饱和流进行模拟,并采用SLOPE/W分别计算不同时刻的稳定系数。分析认为东岭信为超深层滑坡,其变形过程深受库水位升降和降雨影响;滑坡体具有明显的滞水特征,渗流过程复杂;在库水位上升过程中稳定系数不断下降,而在库水位消落过程中稳定性逐渐增强;在库水位上升和强降雨量共同作用下稳定性下降很快,汛后10 d左右达到最低值,此时的稳定性最差。本研究可用于指导库水位升降和降雨条件下大型滑坡体稳定性评价。 相似文献
10.
降雨入渗和人工开挖是诱发黄土滑坡的重要因素, 为了研究在这2种诱因作用下关中地区黄土滑坡失稳过程及其对稳定性的影响, 以陕西省长武县杨厂村老庙滑坡为研究对象, 通过现场调查、地质测绘和钻孔勘探, 查明了该滑坡变形特征, 定性分析了滑坡变形演变过程; 基于滑坡变形前15 d内日降雨量实测值, 采用有限元软件, 对坡脚开挖后连续降雨作用下滑坡形成过程进行了仿真模拟; 基于强度折减法对该滑坡稳定性变化规律进行了研究。结果表明: ①关中地区特殊的地层结构是滑坡变形的内因, 降雨是最主要的诱发因素; ②滑坡失稳演化过程表现为: 坡体处于蠕滑状态, 坡脚开挖后, 坡体前缘失稳, 牵引中后缘坡体向下错动而产生张拉裂缝, 在降雨作用下, 雨水沿裂缝渗入坡体深部, 滑坡中部岩土体浸水后抗剪强度降低, 从而导致黄土层与红黏土层接触面饱水形成贯通滑带, 诱发深层滑坡; ③滑坡开挖后较初始状态, 稳定性系数降幅为0.102, 此后受连续降雨影响, 稳定性系数在前10 d以平均0.010/d的速率缓慢下降, 第10~13 d以0.034/d的速率快速下降至最低, 第13 d以后开始回升。研究结果可以为该类滑坡防治提供有效依据。 相似文献
11.
Effects of seasonal water-level fluctuation on soil pore structure in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ZHANG Shu-juan TANG Qiang BAO Yu-hai HE Xiu-bin TIAN Feng-xia Lü Fa-you WANG Ming-feng Raheel ANJUM 《山地科学学报》2018,15(10):2192-2206
Inundation of the Three Gorges Reservoir has created a 30-m water-level fluctuation zone with seasonal hydrological alternations of submergence and exposure, which may greatly affect soil properties and bank stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of soil pore structure to seasonal water-level fluctuation in the reservoir, and particularly, the hydrological change of wetting and drying cycles. Soil pore structure was visualized with industrial X-ray computed tomography and digital image analysis techniques. The results showed that soil total porosity(? 100 ?m), total pore number, total throat number, and mean throat surface area increased significantly under wetting and drying cycles. Soil porosity, pore number and throat numberwithin each size class increased in the course of wetting and drying cycles. The coordination number, degree of anisotropy and fractal dimension were indicating an increase. In contrast, the mean shape factor, pore-throat ratio, and Euler-Poincaré number decreased due to wetting and drying cycles. These illustrated that the wetting and drying cycles made soil pore structure become more porous, continuous, heterogeneous and complex. It can thus be deduced that the water-level fluctuation would modify soil porosity, pore size distribution, and pore morphology in the Three Gorges Reservoir, which may have profound implications for soil processes, soil functions, and bank stability. 相似文献
12.
A modified Hoek-Brown failure criterion considering the damage to reservoir bank slope rocks under water saturation-dehydration circulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
After water is impounded in a reservoir, rock mass in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir bank slope is subject to water saturationdehydration circulation (WSDC). To quantify the rate of change of rock mechanical properties, samples from the Longtan dam area were measured with uniaxial compression tests after different numbers (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20) of simulated WSDC cycles. Based on the curves derived from these tests, a modified Hoek- Brown failure criterion was proposed, in which a new parameter was introduced to model the cumulative damage to rocks after WSDC. A case of an engineering application was analyzed, and the results showed that the modified Hoek-Brown failure criterion is useful. Under similar WSDC-influenced engineering and geological conditions, rock mass strength parameters required for analysis and evaluation of rock slope stability can be estimated according to this modified Hoek-Brown failure criterion. 相似文献
13.
川东北地区飞仙关组发育碳酸盐岩储层, 是普光气田天然气的主要产出层位。在飞仙关组四段的划分中, 前人研究对飞一段与飞二段间是否存在不整合面这一问题有较大争议。对普光地区现有的4口钻井开展了岩心观察, 在飞一-飞二段中部发现了岩溶角砾段, 且在该段上下发现了一定的岩性分界面。飞一段底部为细晶白云岩, 而飞一段顶部至飞二段开始发育鲕粒及模铸孔。采取PG104-1井岩心样品并进行了碳氧同位素测试, 其碳同位素值普遍正偏, 而氧同位素值均大于-5‰, 指示相关流体为大气淡水流体, 说明岩溶角砾段底部经历了一定时间的暴露, 沉积间断发育。综合界面上下出现的碳氧同位素差异, 模铸孔的出现及消失以及测井曲线的变化等因素, 认为飞一段与飞二段的界限可以由因准同生岩溶而发育的岩溶角砾段划分并表征。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地顺北地区古生界油气资源非常丰富, 此外在中新生界也发现了良好的油气显示, 揭示出该区中新生界也具有较好的油气勘探潜力。因此, 为了揭示对顺北地区中新生界油气成藏具有关键控制因素的断裂构造特征及其发育机制, 通过对顺北地区最新三维地震资料的精细构造解释, 系统分析了该区中新生界断裂构造的类型、几何学特征及其成因演化。研究表明: 顺北地区中新生界断裂以张性正断层为主, 发育少量逆断层和走滑断层, 该区断裂发育数量众多但单条断裂规模较小、平面上呈杂乱展布且具有明显的分区分层的差异活动特征。与区域动力背景和盆地演化阶段相统一, 顺北地区中新生界断裂演化经历了印支、燕山和喜山期3个阶段多期次伸展-挤压构造旋回, 而且该区所处的构造位置、下伏中二叠统火成岩地层特征及下三叠统柯吐尔组砂泥岩塑性层等对中新生界断裂的形成演化具有重要控制作用。通过对顺北地区连通T90~T50界面通源断裂的精细刻画, 揭示出在5号断裂带中部和7号断裂带中南部存在两大通源断裂发育区, 上述两地区部分断裂由T90界面往上一直断到T50界面之上, 对古生界油气向中新生界垂向输导具有建设性作用, 为该区中新生界油气的有利勘探区带。 相似文献
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光谱数据变换对消除背景、噪音影响以及提取光谱特征有重要的作用,是光谱数据分析过程中的必要步骤。为了研究光谱变换处理对土壤氮素PLSR模型的影响精度,并选择最佳光谱变换处理方法,本文对原始光谱数据进行了15种典型光谱变换,通过比较不同变换光谱与土壤氮素的相关性,实现土壤氮素的PLSR精确诊断,并综合评定最佳光谱数据变换方法。结果表明,涉及微分处理后的光谱变换,尤其是先进行开方（T8、T11）、对数（T6、T12）等变换后再进行微分处理,可提高其与土壤氮素的相关性。在引入较少因子变量个数的条件下,该方法使因变量解释量达到了98%。综合考虑模型的校正、验证效果及模型复杂度（模型最佳因子变量个数）,可得出光谱平方根的一阶微分变换处理（T8）为最佳的土壤光谱变换算法。该条件下的土壤氮素的校正模型表现为R2=0.985、RMSEC=0.000132、Fn=6,验证模型的表现为R2=0.9853、RMSEV=0.000162,结果表明基于T8的光谱数据变换可实现本试验条件下土壤氮素的光谱估算。另外,可以考虑将原始光谱的一阶微分（T9）、对数和对数倒数的一阶微分（T6、T7）以及平方根和对数的二阶微分（T11、T12）作为光谱数据变换方法。本文研究结果可为土壤氮素估算和光谱数据预处理提供技术参考。 相似文献
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本文介绍新滩滑坡后两岸边坡监测的工作,对边坡变形提出了趋势意见。认为新滩斜坡目前正处于整体稳定下的局部调整阶段,变形缓慢平稳,但要注视广家崖的危岩动态;链子崖仍有趋势性的倾江形变。5—6号缝围成的7万方危岩及江段的5万方危岩体尚有一触即崩之势,须加强监视。 相似文献
17.
研究不同环剪条件下库岸堆积层滑坡滑带土强度特性对滑坡稳定性评价具有重要意义。针对目前在库岸堆积层滑坡滑带土力学特性方面研究薄弱的问题, 以三峡库区童家坪滑坡滑带土为研究对象, 采用ARS-E2环剪仪开展了不同剪切速率下的剪切试验, 研究了等速剪切、加速剪切以及减速剪切作用下滑带土强度变化特征。试验结果表明: 滑带土试样在恒定的低速剪切条件下更容易得到稳定的残余强度, 并且达到峰值强度后易出现"应变软化"现象; 在相同剪切应力条件下, 滑带土加速环剪和减速环剪的剪应力变化趋势基本一致, 与法向应力均呈正相关关系; 剪切速率的变化会显著影响滑带土峰值黏聚力的大小。研究成果揭示了不同环剪条件下滑带土力学特性, 可以为揭示库岸堆积层滑坡变形破坏的力学机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
18.
Planation surfaces on the Tibet Plateau, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A planation hypothesis is proposed to explain landform evolution of the Tibet Plateau. A denudation threshold （T）, the maximum potential denudation rate for a certain type of rock, is introduced to explain the combined effects of lithology and tectonics on landform evolution. If the tectonic uplifting rate （U） is equal to or less than the threshold rate （U ≤ T）, the tectonic uplifting and terrain denudation are in dynamic equilibrium, and landforms are in a steady state. The end product should be planation surfaces whether the original landforms are flat plains or deeply dissected mountains. If U 〉 T, uplift and denudation are not able to reach a dynamic equilibrium state. The plateau surface is mostly underlain by soft rocks, such as the Mesozoic epimetamorphic argillites and Tertiary sedimentary rocks, while the mountain ranges comprise hard rocks, such as granite, gneiss and limestone. In soft rock regions, hills are low with a relative relief of mostly less than 100 m and the slopes are gentle at a gradient of 〈200. In contrast, hills can maintain steep slopes in hard rock regions. The Tibet Plateau has been under an equilibrium condition between tectonic uplifting and denudation except for the mountain ranges. The plateau might have reached the present altitudes before the Quaternary. 相似文献
19.
Alternating rainfall and evaporation in nature severely impact the shear strength of expansive soils. This study presents an instrument for simulating the effect of wetting–drying cycles on the strength of expansive soils under different loads, and its testing error is verified. With this instrument,direct shear tests were performed on samples experiencing 0-6 cycles under vertical loads of 0 kPa,5 kPa, 15 kPa, and 30 k Pa. The results found that this instrument provides a new method for evaluating the effects of wetting–drying cycles on soils, and this method represents actual engineering conditions more accurately than do preexisting methods. It accurately controls the water content within 1% while simulating the specified loads at different soil depths.Cohesion is significantly affected by wetting–drying cycles, while the friction angle is not as sensitive to these cycles. Decrease in shear strength can be attributed to the fissures in soils caused by wetting–drying cycles. The existence of vertical loads effectively restricts shrinkage fissuring and cohesion attenuation, consequently inhibiting the attenuation of shear strength. 相似文献
20.
The bank slopes in hydro-fluctuation areas of reservoirs or lakes suffer from severe erosion due to an absence of protection. Waves are one of the important external forces that cause bank erosion and slope failures. However, the processes and quantified impacts of wave-induced erosion on slopes remain unclear under different water level-fluctuation conditions. This paper focuses on the characteristics of wave-induced slope erosion under three conditions: water level dropping(WLD), fixed(WLF) and rising(WLR). A steel tank with glass pane was used to simulate the wave-induced slope erosion in the three treatments. The slope elevation data were collected by using the method of the pin meter for every 15 minutes from the beginning to the end, a total of 5 times during all treatments. These data were processed by using software(SURFER 9.0) to get the slope micro-topography and the erosion volume. Then the temporal and spatial change of slope erosion was analysed according to the erosion amount or erosion rate calculated based on bulk density of slope soil. The results demonstrated that the soil erosion rates for different water level changing treatments are in the following order: WLR>WLD>WLF. For the erosion spatial variation, the middle part of the slope was the major source of sediment in the WLD. The upper part of the slope was the major source of the sediment for the other two treatments. Compared with the standard deviation(SD), the coefficient of variation(CV) based on the SD is more representative of variations in the soil surface roughness(SSR). Furthermore, the good fit between the SSR and soil erosion rate have the potential to be used to predict soil erosion. Above all, the injection angle of the wave determined the rate of erosion to some extent, and the fall-back flow of the wave could also influence the extent of erosion, deposition, and bank morphology. It is vital to choose the appropriate index(SD or CV) in the three water levels to improve the prediction accuracy. This paper could provide scientific knowledge to manage reservoirs or river banks. 相似文献