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1.
降雨入渗和人工开挖是诱发黄土滑坡的重要因素, 为了研究在这2种诱因作用下关中地区黄土滑坡失稳过程及其对稳定性的影响, 以陕西省长武县杨厂村老庙滑坡为研究对象, 通过现场调查、地质测绘和钻孔勘探, 查明了该滑坡变形特征, 定性分析了滑坡变形演变过程; 基于滑坡变形前15 d内日降雨量实测值, 采用有限元软件, 对坡脚开挖后连续降雨作用下滑坡形成过程进行了仿真模拟; 基于强度折减法对该滑坡稳定性变化规律进行了研究。结果表明: ①关中地区特殊的地层结构是滑坡变形的内因, 降雨是最主要的诱发因素; ②滑坡失稳演化过程表现为: 坡体处于蠕滑状态, 坡脚开挖后, 坡体前缘失稳, 牵引中后缘坡体向下错动而产生张拉裂缝, 在降雨作用下, 雨水沿裂缝渗入坡体深部, 滑坡中部岩土体浸水后抗剪强度降低, 从而导致黄土层与红黏土层接触面饱水形成贯通滑带, 诱发深层滑坡; ③滑坡开挖后较初始状态, 稳定性系数降幅为0.102, 此后受连续降雨影响, 稳定性系数在前10 d以平均0.010/d的速率缓慢下降, 第10~13 d以0.034/d的速率快速下降至最低, 第13 d以后开始回升。研究结果可以为该类滑坡防治提供有效依据。 相似文献
2.
研究库水位升降与降雨影响下三峡库区堆积层滑坡的稳定性变化特征,并对其进行预测具有重要意义。建立了三峡库区万州区麻柳林滑坡的地质模型,基于P Ⅲ型分布曲线对降雨重现期进行分析后共设置了12种计算工况;利用Geostudio软件对滑坡稳定性进行了模拟。结果表明:库水位下降和降雨入渗均会使滑坡稳定性系数减小,不仅变化幅度与库水位下降速率和降雨强度均为正相关关系,而且滑坡稳定性对于降雨条件更加敏感。2种最不利工况条件下的滑坡稳定性系数分别为0.95和0.949,此时滑坡失稳破坏。利用灰色模型对最不利工况下的滑坡稳定性系数进行了滚动预测,其MAPE为2.86%,MSE为0.033,预测精度优于多项式模型。 相似文献
3.
降雨诱发碎石土堆积层滑坡十分普遍,野猫面滑坡则是典型的碎石土堆积型滑坡,也是三峡库区内距三峡大坝最近的
特大型滑坡体,研究其在不同降雨条件下的变形规律具有示范性和实用价值。首先,在滑坡区域地质分析的基础上,研究了碎石
土堆积层滑坡的组成结构;然后应用Modflow软件建立了滑坡地下水渗流场数值模型,对不同降雨强度和降雨历时条件下,降雨
入渗补给地下水的规律进行了模拟;最后,运用FLAC3D软件对不同降雨工况条件下,渗流场变化引起的滑坡变形规律进行了模
拟。研究结果表明:①野猫面滑坡碎石土堆积层表现为三层结构,上部为碎块石土,中下部为块石土、钙质胶结碎块石,下部滑面
为碎石土和黏土夹碎石;②降雨强度和降雨历时增加均使滑坡地下水头抬升,在斜坡前缘临近库岸部分的水力坡度明显增大;③
降雨作用下,滑坡位移量增加,变形由地表向深部、由前缘向后缘发展,在滑面处剪应变集中;极端大暴雨条件下,前缘存在整体变
形区;④碎石土堆积层滑坡地表径流疏导与生态防渗可有效防治滑坡。 相似文献
特大型滑坡体,研究其在不同降雨条件下的变形规律具有示范性和实用价值。首先,在滑坡区域地质分析的基础上,研究了碎石
土堆积层滑坡的组成结构;然后应用Modflow软件建立了滑坡地下水渗流场数值模型,对不同降雨强度和降雨历时条件下,降雨
入渗补给地下水的规律进行了模拟;最后,运用FLAC3D软件对不同降雨工况条件下,渗流场变化引起的滑坡变形规律进行了模
拟。研究结果表明:①野猫面滑坡碎石土堆积层表现为三层结构,上部为碎块石土,中下部为块石土、钙质胶结碎块石,下部滑面
为碎石土和黏土夹碎石;②降雨强度和降雨历时增加均使滑坡地下水头抬升,在斜坡前缘临近库岸部分的水力坡度明显增大;③
降雨作用下,滑坡位移量增加,变形由地表向深部、由前缘向后缘发展,在滑面处剪应变集中;极端大暴雨条件下,前缘存在整体变
形区;④碎石土堆积层滑坡地表径流疏导与生态防渗可有效防治滑坡。 相似文献
4.
基于多孔介质饱和 非饱和渗流理论和非饱和土抗剪强度理论,采用极限平衡法与降雨渗流有限元相结合的方法,选取大庆—广州高速公路江西里仁—龙南段某典型高路堑边坡,利用岩土仿真软件GeoStudio建立模型,研究降雨条件下花岗岩残坡积土路堑边坡失稳破环的形态和机理.结果表明:随着降雨的进行,边坡中地下水位从坡脚处开始抬升,边坡坡脚处容易产生“小弧”滑动破坏;土体体积含水量的增加使得基质吸力下降,从而降低土体强度和边坡的安全系数,且基质吸力与安全系数的下降幅度基本同步;降雨强度对边坡的安全系数有较大影响,小雨阶段,安全系数降幅较缓,而暴雨阶段,安全系数降幅加剧,降幅达24;4％;在强降雨条件下,滑面基质吸力大部分丧失,失稳边坡发生了从整体失稳向局部失稳、从深层失稳向浅层失稳的转变,即强降雨是浅层滑坡的主要外在因素. 相似文献
5.
为了研究滑坡运动产生的孔隙水压力与运动速度的关系,建立了滑体饱和状态下的无限斜坡模型,结合有效应力原理
以及剪切滑带处的土体运动定律,推导出滑坡运动速度v、滑带处的孔隙水压力uw 以及滑坡运动时间t 三者之间的解析表达式。
并以三峡库区三舟溪滑坡为例,运用MATLAB编程计算得到三舟溪滑坡的v(t)-uw(t)之间的关系曲线。分析曲线得出:若滑坡
保持某一速度v 匀速运动时,由于土体排水固结作用,运动变形产生的孔隙水压力增量及时得到消散;在滑坡加速运动的过程中,
孔隙水压力值随着加速度增大而增大,当孔隙水压力的增长速率超过土体的固结排水速率时,孔隙水压力大大削减了土体的抗剪
强度,加速了滑坡的破坏。 相似文献
以及剪切滑带处的土体运动定律,推导出滑坡运动速度v、滑带处的孔隙水压力uw 以及滑坡运动时间t 三者之间的解析表达式。
并以三峡库区三舟溪滑坡为例,运用MATLAB编程计算得到三舟溪滑坡的v(t)-uw(t)之间的关系曲线。分析曲线得出:若滑坡
保持某一速度v 匀速运动时,由于土体排水固结作用,运动变形产生的孔隙水压力增量及时得到消散;在滑坡加速运动的过程中,
孔隙水压力值随着加速度增大而增大,当孔隙水压力的增长速率超过土体的固结排水速率时,孔隙水压力大大削减了土体的抗剪
强度,加速了滑坡的破坏。 相似文献
6.
三峡库区堆积层滑坡在季节性降雨和库水λ周期波动的影响下呈现间歇性活动特征,滑坡活动强度与诱 发因素作用强度和时间关系密切.以三峡库区白水河滑坡为例,分析了堆积层滑坡间歇性活动特征和诱发因素, 发现降雨和库水λ下降是滑坡变形的主要诱发因素.根据滑坡时序曲线特征,将滑坡累积λ移分解为趋势项λ 移和周期项λ移,采用多项式拟合的方法来预测趋势项λ移,利用长短期记忆神经网络模型来预测周期项λ移, 并与极限学习机模型、广义回归神经网络模型的预测结果进行了对比分析,发现长短期记忆神经网络模型预测滑 坡间歇性活动精度更高. 相似文献
7.
研究不同环剪条件下库岸堆积层滑坡滑带土强度特性对滑坡稳定性评价具有重要意义。针对目前在库岸堆积层滑坡滑带土力学特性方面研究薄弱的问题, 以三峡库区童家坪滑坡滑带土为研究对象, 采用ARS-E2环剪仪开展了不同剪切速率下的剪切试验, 研究了等速剪切、加速剪切以及减速剪切作用下滑带土强度变化特征。试验结果表明: 滑带土试样在恒定的低速剪切条件下更容易得到稳定的残余强度, 并且达到峰值强度后易出现"应变软化"现象; 在相同剪切应力条件下, 滑带土加速环剪和减速环剪的剪应力变化趋势基本一致, 与法向应力均呈正相关关系; 剪切速率的变化会显著影响滑带土峰值黏聚力的大小。研究成果揭示了不同环剪条件下滑带土力学特性, 可以为揭示库岸堆积层滑坡变形破坏的力学机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
降雨过程中降雨强度的变化会影响土体渗透率及饱和过程, 从而改变土体的力学性质, 影响泥石流起动模式及破坏规模。为探究不同降雨模式对震后泥石流起动机制的影响, 自制了小比例模型槽, 结合可控雨型的降雨模拟系统, 进行了人工降雨诱发泥石流的室内模型试验; 基于不同降雨模式下泥石流的起动过程分析, 对坡体内部含水率和孔隙水压力的变化规律进行了研究。研究结果表明: 递增型降雨模式下泥石流发生突然, 呈整体滑坡转化为泥石流起动模式, 坡体破坏规模最大; 递减型降雨模式下表现为后退式溃散失稳起动模式; 均匀型降雨模式下则表现为溯源侵蚀起动模式; 中峰型降雨模式下以局部滑坡转化为泥石流起动模式; Ⅴ型降雨模式下则由坡面侵蚀加剧转化为泥石流启动模式, 破坏规模最小。研究结果可以为九寨沟地区泥石流的预报预警提供参考。 相似文献
9.
强对流或台风等极端天气下乔木坡地发生浅层滑坡灾害往往是暴雨和强风共同作用的结果。以皖南山区一处暴雨型浅层滑坡——畈章组滑坡为例, 通过现场调查和气象资料的分析表明, 除暴雨外风荷载也有可能促进滑坡的启动。为揭示该滑坡启动与破坏后这一完整运动过程的演化机制, 首先基于无限斜坡模型分析了实际降雨条件下的滑坡稳定性, 然后对取自于滑坡体内乔木根系周围和滑动面附近的两种土样利用DPRI型环剪仪, 分别开展了不排水循环剪切试验和自然排水残余剪切试验。结果表明: ①降雨入渗引起滑动面孔隙水压力的上升, 并导致稳定性的降低是畈章组滑坡启动的直接原因; ②乔木根系周围的饱和土在风振作用产生的动剪切荷载下易形成高的超孔隙水压力, 并导致浅表层的局部失稳滑动, 增加了畈章组滑坡整体破坏的可能性; ③滑动面土体的残余强度具有强烈的"正速率效应", 从而控制了畈章组滑坡启动后不会表现出高速远程的运动特征, 与现场调查结论一致。研究结果可以为暴雨协同风振作用下富乔木坡地浅层滑坡的预警预报研究提供参考。 相似文献
10.
持续引水灌溉改变了马兰黄土的结构, 降低了土体的抗剪强度, 导致黑方台地区黄土滑坡频繁发生, 严重影响着当地居民生命和财产安全。为了明析马兰黄土的渗透过程, 取黑方台马兰黄土为研究对象, 分别开展核磁共振(NMR)试验及扫描电镜(SEM)试验, 以解释此类黄土在不同初始含水率及不同干密度下的渗透特性及结构损伤微观特征。研究结果表明: 入渗速率与土体初始含水率呈负相关关系, 土体初始含水率越高, 其充水微小孔隙增加速率越慢, 充水中大孔隙增加速率越快; 入渗速率与土体干密度呈负相关关系, 且会率先形成高含水率区域, 土体干密度越大, 其充水微小孔隙增加越慢, 充水中大孔隙增加越快。入渗前后对比发现, 试样初始含水率越高, 微小孔隙增加比例越小, 颗粒间接触方式变化越不明显; 干密度越大的试样不同孔隙体积基本按等量变化, 接触面积明显减少, 形成更多的架空孔隙, 连通性较好, 具有较好的储水能力。入渗后试样原本的致密结构丧失, 颗粒破碎严重, 部分细长状颗粒向似椭圆状颗粒演化, 颗粒间接触方式变为点边接触, 粒间胶结作用遭受损伤破坏, 甚至部分团粒中颗粒分离、脱落, 使得土体强度丧失, 最终导致滑坡发生。研究结果可为黄土滑坡的防治提供依据。 相似文献
11.
An ancient landslide, situated in Deqin County, Yunnan Province, China, was used to investigate the reactivation by water infiltration. This study considers the infiltration process and landslide stability using finite-element method(FEM)-based models. The results show that the reactivation of old landslide deposit was triggered by the long-term leakage of diversion ditch before October 2012, and the reactivation was triggered again by the intense rainfall on 7-9 October 2012. The old cracks, which formed in the earlier reactivation of landslide, played a key role for the rainfall infiltration. They offered a preferential path for much more rainfall to infiltrate fast into deep soil, and caused wetting front to move down faster in landslide. The old slip zone with lower permeability was another important factor to cause the infiltrated water to accumulate and form a high pore water pressure above slip zone. Then the high pore water pressure decreased the shear strength of slip zone and triggered the reactivation of the old landslide deposit again. 相似文献
12.
Liang Qiao Xing-min Meng Guan Chen Yi Zhang Peng Guo Run-qiang Zeng Ya-jun Li 《山地科学学报》2017,14(6):1113-1123
A colluvial landslide in a debris flow valley is a typical phenomena and is easily influenced by rainfall. The direct destructiveness of this kind of landslide is small, however, if failure occurs the resulting blocking of the channel may lead to a series of magnified secondary hazards. For this reason it is important to investigate the potential response of this type of landslide to rainfall. In the present paper, the Goulingping landslide, one of the colluvial landslides in the Goulingping valley in the middle of the Bailong River catchment in Gansu Province, China, was chosen for the study. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), together with traditional monitoring methods, were used to monitor changes in water content and the deformation of the landslide caused by rainfall. ERT was used to detect changes in soil water content induced by rainfall. The most significant findings were as follows:(1) the water content in the centralupper part (0~41 m) of the landslide was greater than in the central-front part (41~84 m) and (2) there was a relatively high resistivity zone at depth within the sliding zone. The deformation characteristics at the surface of the landslide were monitored by TLS and the results revealed that rainstorms caused three types of deformation and failure: (1) gully erosion at the slope surface; (2) shallow sliding failure; (3) and slope foot erosion. Subsequent monitoring of continuous changes in pore-water pressure, soil pressure and displacement (using traditional methods) indicated that long duration light rainfall (average 2.22 mm/d) caused the entire landslide to enter a state of creeping deformation at the beginning of the rainy season. Shear-induced dilation occurred for the fast sliding (30.09 mm/d) during the critical failure sub-phase (EF). Pore-water pressure in the sliding zone was affected by rainfall. In addition, the sliding L1 parts of the landslide exerted a discontinuous pressure on the L2 part. Through the monitoring and analysis, we conclude that this kind of landslide may have large deformation at the beginning and the late of the rainy season. 相似文献
13.
Debris flows introduced in landslide deposits under rainfall conditions: The case of Wenjiagou gully 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
Debris flows often occur in landslide deposits during heavy rainstorms. Debris flows are initiated by surface water runoff and unsaturated seepage under rainfall conditions. A physical model based on an infinitely long, uniform and void-rich sediment layer was applied to analyze the triggering of debris-flow introduced in landslide deposits. To determine the initiation condition for rainfall-induced debris flows, we conducted a surface water runoff and saturated-unsaturated seepage numerical program to model rainfall infiltration and runoff on a slope. This program was combined with physical modeling and stability analysis to make certain the initiation condition for rainfall-introduced debris flows. Taking the landslide deposits at Wenjiagou gully as an example, the initiation conditions for debris flow were computed. The results show that increase height of surface-water runoff and the decrease of saturated sediment shear strength of are the main reasons for triggering debris-flows under heavy rainfall conditions. The debris-flow triggering is affected by the depth of surface-water runoff, the slope saturation and shear strength of the sediment. 相似文献
14.
《山地科学学报》2021,(8)
Rainfall infiltration on a soil slope is usually an unsaturated seepage process that can be described by a water-air two-phase flow model. The effect of pore air pressure on rainfall infiltration has been widely recognized and validated by means of numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. However, whether a slope can actually seal pore air continues to be debated by researchers. In this study, a water-air two-phase flow model is used to simulate the rainfall infiltration process on a soil slope, and a field experiment is conducted to realistically test the sealing conditions of a slope. According to the numerical simulation, the areas of water and air flow in and out on the slope surface are relatively stable and can be classified as the "inhalation zone" and "overflow zone", respectively. Intermittent rainfall on the soil slope has an amplifying effect on pore air pressure because rainfall intensity is usually at the millimeter level, and it causes pore air pressure to reach the cm level. A field experiment was performed to determine whether a slope can realistically seal pore air and subsequently verify the regularity of rainfall infiltration. Air pressure sensors were buried in the slope to monitor the pore air pressures during the rainfall process. The monitoring results show that the pore air pressure in the slope changed, which indicates that the slope can seal air. Moreover, the amplification effects of intermittent rainfall on pore air pressure were observed for natural rainfall, which agrees well with the numerical simulation results. 相似文献
15.
《山地科学学报》2018,(11)
Shallow slope failures induced by rainfall infiltration occur frequently, and the relevant triggering mechanisms have been widely studied.Rainfall-induced landslides are widely recognized to be caused by increases in soil weight, seepage force and pore water pressure or decreases in soil mechanical properties. However, even when all these factors are considered, some landslides still cannot be explained well. The increased pore water pressure in a slope reduces the effective stress of the soil and may trigger slope failure. Similarly, the pore gas pressure in a slope also reduces the effective stress of the soil but has been neglected in previous studies. As the viscosity of air is nearly negligible when compared with that of water, the pore gas pressure spreads faster, and its influence is wider, which is harmful for the stability of the slope. In this paper, the effects of pore gas pressure are considered in a shallow slope stability analysis, and a self-designed experiment is conducted to validate the force transfer mechanism.Numerical simulation results show that the pore gas pressure in the slope increases sharply at different locations under heavy rainfall conditions and that the pore gas pressure causes a rapid decrease in the slope safety factor. Laboratory experimental results show that the pore gas pressure throughout the whole unsaturated zone has the same value, which indicates that the gas pressure could spread quickly to the whole sample. 相似文献
16.
针对2016年5月发生于秭归县西北部的谭家湾滑坡,结合卫星遥感影像、现场勘查资料以及历史资料等多源数据,初步明确了滑坡的影响区域、特征及发生时序;综合采用钻探、槽探、物探等手段,开展室内外相关实验,明确了滑坡区的地层特性以及岩土体物理力学性质指标,通过分析该区裂缝位移及GPS数据,对该边坡的变形机制进行了探讨,并对该区稳定性进行了评价。结果表明:①谭家湾滑坡属于不规则"圈椅形"中型松散层的水库下降型滑坡,滑坡区的地表形态、地质构造及岩性等因素决定了滑坡的形成和发育,库水位和降雨的共同作用激励了滑坡的变形;②滑坡根据时序共分为3级滑体,总体呈现多次、多层、相互影响的演化特点,第三级滑体具有牵引式特征;③滑坡体内地下水位随库水位下降而下降,但下降速率缓于库水位,随之坡体内水力梯度和渗透力显著变大,此时碰到强降雨,将会导致坡体地下水赋存,岩土体软化,加剧滑坡变形,须施加必要的防护措施。④稳定性分析表明,该滑坡现处于临界稳定状态,一旦发生降雨和库水位变化,局部段可能发生失稳滑动。 相似文献
17.
The Heifangtai platform in Northwest China is famous for irrigation-induced loess landslides. This study conducted a centrifuge model test with reference to an irrigation-induced loess landslide that occurred in Heifangtai in 2011. The loess slope model was constructed by whittling a cubic loess block obtaining from the landslide site. The irrigation water was simulated by applying continuous infiltration from back of the slope. The deformation, earth pressure, and pore pressure were investigated during test by a series of transducers. For this particular study, the results showed that the failure processes were characterized by retrogressive landslides and cracks. The time dependent reductions of cohesion and internal friction angle at basal layer with increasing pore-water pressure were responsible for these failures. The foot part of slope is very important for slope instability and hazard prevention in the study area, where concentration of earth pressure and generation of high pore-water pressures would form before failures. The measurements of earth pressure and pore-water pressure might be effective for early warning in the study area. 相似文献