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1.
黄土滑坡和降雨关系尤为密切。为深入研究降雨入渗对滑坡的促发作用,在对陕西西安地区“9·17”灞桥滑坡现场勘察的基础上,利用数值模拟方法系统研究了黄土边坡在降雨入渗条件下土体相关物理力学指标的变化响应特征及时空分布规律;从滑动面安全系数变化的角度分析了边坡的失稳过程,并揭示了该类滑坡的启动机制。结果表明：(1)降雨入渗首先引起坡面土体的基质吸力逐渐降低,而且不同分布位置的降幅不同;(2)滑坡启动前,坡体的高体积含水量范围随降雨明显扩大,且体积含水量表现出从古土壤层向邻近黄土层递减的规律;(3)边坡的水平方向位移自坡面中部向坡体的上下部呈放射状递减特征,垂直方向位移由上至下逐渐减小,而临界滑动面的安全系数也随降雨入渗过程逐步递减;(4)节理处土体的孔隙水压力和体积含水量的变化响应时间及幅度都早于且强于坡体其他区域,坡体内最大剪应变的区域分布与坡面基本平行,模拟结果与原型滑坡一致;(5)基于黄土独特的水敏性、地质构造和人类工程活动等诱因的影响,加上节理裂隙为水的入渗和运移提供了优势通道,降雨加速了黄土潜蚀和坡体结构破坏过程,改变了边坡内部应力场、位移场和水文地质条件,进而促发了滑坡。 相似文献
2.
斜坡上的部分岩体和土体在自然或人为因素的影响下沿某个滑动面发生剪切破坏向下运动的现象称为滑坡。滑动面可以是受剪应力最大的贯通性剪切破坏面或带,也可以是岩体中已有的软弱结构面。规模大的滑坡一般是缓慢地、长期地往下滑动,有些滑坡滑动速度也很快, 相似文献
3.
《地球科学与环境学报》2021,(4)
中国西北地区黄土广泛沉积于三趾马红土之上形成"双层异质"接触层面,控制和影响黄土滑坡的形成。为研究黄土-三趾马红土界面剪切力学特性,研制可视化界面直剪仪,开展界面试样剪切试验,探讨齿面角度、含水率、干密度对其剪切破坏模式、强度与变形特性影响规律。结果表明:试样均沿界面产生剪切破坏,试样剪切破坏模式可分为齿间滑动、齿间滑动-齿面剪断、齿面剪断3种;界面试样剪切应力-位移曲线呈应变软化型,峰值强度后应变"跳跃"及"塑态"特征反映出界面的脆性与塑性剪断破坏特征,剪切刚度、剪切破坏位移演化规律均受界面接触条件影响;界面剪切过程存在明显剪胀效应,剪胀位移演化规律反映了剪切过程的齿面挤密、齿间滑动、齿面剪断与界面摩擦阶段;界面试样强度随界面接触条件均呈非线性变化,齿面角度越大,峰值强度与残余强度越高,试样剪切破坏模式越趋于脆性齿面剪断;含水率越高,界面峰值强度越低,试样剪切破坏模式越趋于塑性齿面剪断;界面试样干密度越大,峰值强度越大,残余强度越低,试样剪切破坏模式越趋于脆性的齿间滑动-齿面剪断。研究成果可为进一步研究黄土-三趾马红土界面强度准则,揭示黄土-三趾马红土复合型滑坡启动机制提供参考。 相似文献
4.
程银 《资源导刊(河南)》2010,(7)
<正>斜坡上的部分岩体和土体在自然或人为因素的影响下沿某个滑动面发生剪切破坏向下运动的现象称为滑坡。滑动面可以是受剪应力最大的贯通性剪切破坏面或带,也可以是岩体中已有的软弱结构面。规模大的滑坡一般是缓慢地、长期地往下滑动,有些滑坡滑动速度也很快,其过程分为 相似文献
5.
准确评价滑坡-隧道相互作用及稳定性, 采用合理的病害防治方法, 对保障公路顺利完工具有重要意义。以香丽高速公路昌格洛滑坡为例, 利用现场地质调查、钻探等方法查明了滑坡成因机制以及变形特性, 通过数值模拟研究了昌格洛滑坡在天然、降雨和开挖等工况下的空间应力应变特征以及稳定性变化, 研究了隧道与所穿越滑坡之间的相互作用, 据此提出了相应的病害防治方案。结果表明: 昌格洛滑坡在自然条件下处于欠稳定状态; 隧道开挖难以引起滑坡整体失稳, 但会诱发滑坡局部变形, 受滑坡体变形影响, 穿越滑体的隧道部分将产生拉伸-剪切变形; 降雨严重恶化滑坡稳定性, 导致滑坡失稳, 进而使穿越其中的隧道失效破坏。原选线方案面临风险巨大, 最优防治方案为线路东移绕避, 使隧道从滑面以下穿过。研究方法和成果可为香丽高速公路类似病害的防治提供有益借鉴。 相似文献
6.
元家台滑坡位于石门县皂市水库北西侧,现今仍威胁当地10户50余人的生命和财产安全。分析了元家台滑坡的成因机制:斜坡自身稳定性较差,长期降雨和人类活动等因素的共同作用促成了滑坡的发生;利用滑体岩土样品的实验分析数据,结合滑坡形成机制,计算分析了不同工况下元家台滑坡的稳定性:工况一(自重+地面荷载)处于基本稳定状态,工况二(自重+地面荷载+暴雨)为不稳定状态,存在再次滑动可能。 相似文献
7.
研究库水位波动和降雨影响下滑坡的位移变形特征并分析其破坏机制，对了解三峡库区滑坡的演化过程具有重要意义。以奉节曾家棚滑坡为例，基于GPS地表监测位移分析了滑坡在不同特征库水位运行阶段的变化规律，结合灰色关联度模型确定了滑坡不同部位的变形在不同阶段的主要控制因素，借助GEO-Studio软件模拟了曾家棚滑坡在历史降雨和库水位波动耦合作用下的稳定性变化，并与定量分析结果进行了交叉检验。结果表明:曾家棚滑坡的运动状态随时间变化，从缓慢蠕变状态进入阶跃变形状态。平面上，中东部坡体与西部坡体相比，运动更加强烈；剖面上，前缘变形早且变形量大。曾家棚滑坡变形失稳过程为初期蓄水启动了曾家棚古滑坡，前缘首先发生变形；降雨作为中后期主控因素，和库水位波动联合作用共同诱发了滑坡多次阶跃变形，使滑坡前中后部形成贯通裂缝；最终由二十年一遇的暴雨诱发滑坡发生整体破坏。 相似文献
8.
以三峡库区某复活型深层老滑坡为例,着重分析前缘监测点累积位移与库水位变动及降雨量的相关性,发现该复活型深层老滑坡前缘的变形与库水位下降具有明显的对应关系,并存在一定时间的滞后。根据太沙基有效应力原理与Mohr Coulomb强度准则,揭示了诱发因素影响下的孔隙水压力扩散是这一滞后响应的关键机制。对于极限平衡状态下的库岸深层老滑坡,由降雨及库水位变动产生的孔隙水压力增量需经一定时间段后才能传递到滑动面处,并影响滑动面处的孔隙水压力进而产生滑动速度,且这一滞后时间与滑坡体的水力扩散系数及滑坡体厚度密切相关。基于理论分析,对取自于该滑坡前缘的滑带土进行了孔隙水压力扩散的模拟试验,证实了该机制过程的合理性。同时,该机制的揭示对解决当前滑坡位移预测模型尚不能考虑滞后效应这一问题具有参考价值。 相似文献
9.
降雨过程中降雨强度的变化会影响土体渗透率及饱和过程, 从而改变土体的力学性质, 影响泥石流起动模式及破坏规模。为探究不同降雨模式对震后泥石流起动机制的影响, 自制了小比例模型槽, 结合可控雨型的降雨模拟系统, 进行了人工降雨诱发泥石流的室内模型试验; 基于不同降雨模式下泥石流的起动过程分析, 对坡体内部含水率和孔隙水压力的变化规律进行了研究。研究结果表明: 递增型降雨模式下泥石流发生突然, 呈整体滑坡转化为泥石流起动模式, 坡体破坏规模最大; 递减型降雨模式下表现为后退式溃散失稳起动模式; 均匀型降雨模式下则表现为溯源侵蚀起动模式; 中峰型降雨模式下以局部滑坡转化为泥石流起动模式; Ⅴ型降雨模式下则由坡面侵蚀加剧转化为泥石流启动模式, 破坏规模最小。研究结果可以为九寨沟地区泥石流的预报预警提供参考。 相似文献
10.
数字滑坡与数字仿真应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在 GIS支持下建立数字滑坡 ,利用其空间分析、立体显示能力在三维空间中进行滑坡稳定性分析、定量动态计算滑坡稳定性系数 ,确定滑坡滑动方向 ;研究滑坡启动机制和滑坡运动规律。建立滑坡方向稳定系数概念 ,完成了在三维空间里计算滑坡稳定系数和确定滑坡滑动方向的精确定量方法研究 :完成滑坡启动机制和滑坡运动规律的数字化、可视化三维动态研究。在此基础上建立相应的数学模型对滑坡进行 :静止-运动-停止全过程的三维数字化、可视化动态研究与数字仿真、模拟。最终完成了在 GIS支持下的数字滑坡三维动态研究与数字仿真。 相似文献
11.
Debris flows introduced in landslide deposits under rainfall conditions: The case of Wenjiagou gully 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
Debris flows often occur in landslide deposits during heavy rainstorms. Debris flows are initiated by surface water runoff and unsaturated seepage under rainfall conditions. A physical model based on an infinitely long, uniform and void-rich sediment layer was applied to analyze the triggering of debris-flow introduced in landslide deposits. To determine the initiation condition for rainfall-induced debris flows, we conducted a surface water runoff and saturated-unsaturated seepage numerical program to model rainfall infiltration and runoff on a slope. This program was combined with physical modeling and stability analysis to make certain the initiation condition for rainfall-introduced debris flows. Taking the landslide deposits at Wenjiagou gully as an example, the initiation conditions for debris flow were computed. The results show that increase height of surface-water runoff and the decrease of saturated sediment shear strength of are the main reasons for triggering debris-flows under heavy rainfall conditions. The debris-flow triggering is affected by the depth of surface-water runoff, the slope saturation and shear strength of the sediment. 相似文献
12.
Liang Qiao Xing-min Meng Guan Chen Yi Zhang Peng Guo Run-qiang Zeng Ya-jun Li 《山地科学学报》2017,14(6):1113-1123
A colluvial landslide in a debris flow valley is a typical phenomena and is easily influenced by rainfall. The direct destructiveness of this kind of landslide is small, however, if failure occurs the resulting blocking of the channel may lead to a series of magnified secondary hazards. For this reason it is important to investigate the potential response of this type of landslide to rainfall. In the present paper, the Goulingping landslide, one of the colluvial landslides in the Goulingping valley in the middle of the Bailong River catchment in Gansu Province, China, was chosen for the study. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), together with traditional monitoring methods, were used to monitor changes in water content and the deformation of the landslide caused by rainfall. ERT was used to detect changes in soil water content induced by rainfall. The most significant findings were as follows:(1) the water content in the centralupper part (0~41 m) of the landslide was greater than in the central-front part (41~84 m) and (2) there was a relatively high resistivity zone at depth within the sliding zone. The deformation characteristics at the surface of the landslide were monitored by TLS and the results revealed that rainstorms caused three types of deformation and failure: (1) gully erosion at the slope surface; (2) shallow sliding failure; (3) and slope foot erosion. Subsequent monitoring of continuous changes in pore-water pressure, soil pressure and displacement (using traditional methods) indicated that long duration light rainfall (average 2.22 mm/d) caused the entire landslide to enter a state of creeping deformation at the beginning of the rainy season. Shear-induced dilation occurred for the fast sliding (30.09 mm/d) during the critical failure sub-phase (EF). Pore-water pressure in the sliding zone was affected by rainfall. In addition, the sliding L1 parts of the landslide exerted a discontinuous pressure on the L2 part. Through the monitoring and analysis, we conclude that this kind of landslide may have large deformation at the beginning and the late of the rainy season. 相似文献
13.
Long-term kinematic research of slowmoving debris slide is rare despite of the widespread global distribution of this kind. This paper presents a study of the kinematics and mechanism of the Jinpingzi debris slide located on the Jinsha river bank in southwest China. This debris slide is known to have a volume of 27×106 m3 in active state for at least one century. Field survey and geotechnical investigation were carried out to define the structure of the landslide. The physical and mechanical properties of the landslide materials were obtained by in-situ and laboratory tests. Additionally, surface and subsurface displacements, as well as groundwater level fluctuations, were monitored since 2005. Movement features, especially the response of the landslide movement to rainfall, were analysed. Relationships between resisting forces and driving forces were analysed by using the limit equilibrium method assuming rigid-plastic frictional slip. The results confirmed a viscous component in the long-termcontinuous movement resulting in the quasioverconsolidated state of the slip zone with higher strength parameters than some other types of slowmoving landslides. Both surface and subsurface displacements showed an advancing pattern by the straight outwardly inclined(rather than gently or reversely inclined) slip zone, which resulted in low resistance to the entire sliding mass. The average surface displacement rate from 2005 to 2016 was estimated to be 0.19~0.87 mm/d. Basal sliding on the silty clay seam accounted for most of the deformation with different degrees of internal deformation in different parts. Rainfall was the predominant factor affecting the kinematics of Jinpingzi landslide while the role of groundwater level, though positive, was not significant. The response of the groundwater level to rainfall infiltration was not apparent. Unlike some shallow slow-moving earth flows or mudslides, whose behaviors are directly related to the phreatic groundwater level, the mechanism for Jinpingzi landslide kinematics is more likely related to the changing weight of the sliding mass and thedownslope seepage pressure in the shallow soil mass resulting from rainfall events. 相似文献
14.
《山地科学学报》2021,(10)
On 28 th July 2018, a massive landslide occurred in a mountainous area in Northern Thailand. The landslide after ten days of heavy rainfall generated the movement of uphill mountain soil into the populated village. This study presents a comprehensive failure analysis of local rainfallinduced landslides based on topographical and geological information. Rainfall measurement data were gathered from two rainfall stations close to the study area. The rainfall records show that the total monthly rainfalls in 2018 were significantly higher than the average monthly rainfalls over the past decade. Site investigation started with an unmanned aerial photogrammetric survey to generate a digital elevation model. Then, dynamic probing test, microtremor survey, and electrical resistivity survey were carried out along undisturbed soils beside the failed slope to evaluate the thickness of the soft soil cover on top of the rock basement. During the site survey, residual soil samples were collected to determine engineering properties in the laboratory. Finally, a slope stability analysis was performed to assess the landslide hazard based on the results of aerial photogrammetric survey, field exploration, and laboratory tests. The slope stability analysis and rainfall records revealed that the Huay Khab landslide was mainly caused by an increase in the water content of residual soils due to the prolonged rainfall which led to a sharp decrease in the shear strength. This leads to the conclusion that the proposed landslide investigation program could be used to assess the potential of landslide failure due to prolonged rainfall on a local scale. 相似文献
15.
《山地科学学报》2021,(4)
The Niumiangou landslide was the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which was significantly affected by the amplification effect of seismic acceleration. The ringshear experiments indicated that the materials in the source area of the Niumiangou landslide were subjected to friction degradation under a big shear displacement, which may result in rapid movement of the landslide. In order to better understand the landslide movement and study the effect of the friction degradation on movement mechanisms, the dynamic process of Niumiangou landslide was simulated with a new numerical method, which combines the finite difference method(FDM) and the discontinuous deformation analysis(DDA). First, the FDM was used to study the initiation time, amplification effect and velocity of the landslide. Afterwards, these initiation velocities were applied to the blocks in the DDA model by corresponding coordination in the FDM model. A displacementdependent friction model of the sliding surface was incorporated into DDA code to further understand the kinetic behavior of the landslide. The results show that the displacement-dependent friction strongly decreases the friction coefficient of sliding surface under a big displacement, which can obviously promote the run-out and velocity of landslide. The model output well matches the topographic map formed by the landslide. This implies that the proposed model can be applied to the simulation of earthquake-induced landslides with amplification effect, and the friction degradation model is important to clarify the movement mechanism of high-speed and long-distance landslides. 相似文献
16.
降雨入渗和人工开挖是诱发黄土滑坡的重要因素, 为了研究在这2种诱因作用下关中地区黄土滑坡失稳过程及其对稳定性的影响, 以陕西省长武县杨厂村老庙滑坡为研究对象, 通过现场调查、地质测绘和钻孔勘探, 查明了该滑坡变形特征, 定性分析了滑坡变形演变过程; 基于滑坡变形前15 d内日降雨量实测值, 采用有限元软件, 对坡脚开挖后连续降雨作用下滑坡形成过程进行了仿真模拟; 基于强度折减法对该滑坡稳定性变化规律进行了研究。结果表明: ①关中地区特殊的地层结构是滑坡变形的内因, 降雨是最主要的诱发因素; ②滑坡失稳演化过程表现为: 坡体处于蠕滑状态, 坡脚开挖后, 坡体前缘失稳, 牵引中后缘坡体向下错动而产生张拉裂缝, 在降雨作用下, 雨水沿裂缝渗入坡体深部, 滑坡中部岩土体浸水后抗剪强度降低, 从而导致黄土层与红黏土层接触面饱水形成贯通滑带, 诱发深层滑坡; ③滑坡开挖后较初始状态, 稳定性系数降幅为0.102, 此后受连续降雨影响, 稳定性系数在前10 d以平均0.010/d的速率缓慢下降, 第10~13 d以0.034/d的速率快速下降至最低, 第13 d以后开始回升。研究结果可以为该类滑坡防治提供有效依据。 相似文献
17.
高速滑坡具有运动速度快、波及范围广的灾害特征, 因此对滑坡启动、加速和静止整个运动过程进行研究很有必要。基于滑面力学特性将滑面分为弹性介质区和应变弱化区, 构建了高速滑坡二维力学模型, 提出了滑坡启动动能计算公式和滑坡运动过程的能量计算公式; 以千将坪滑坡为例, 采用启动动能计算公式得出滑坡的启动速度为2.35 m/s; 依据滑面形态将其运动轨迹划分为快速加速、平稳加速、平稳减速、急剧减速4个阶段, 进行运动过程分析, 得出滑坡最大速度为16.8 m/s, 以滑坡前缘高程所在平面为势能基准面, 分析不同能量与总能量占比的变化情况, 在滑坡的4个运动阶段中, 动能占比分别为9.1%, 25.6%, 15.1%, 0%;摩擦损耗能量占比分别为: 5.5%, 58.8%, 81.7%, 95.5%;势能占比分别为: 85.2%, 14.2%, 0%, 0%;其他阻力能耗占比分别为: 0.2%, 1.4%, 3.2%, 4.5%。研究结论对高速滑坡致灾机制和风险分析具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
在库水位波动和降雨作用的共同影响下，库岸滑坡的变形规律往往更为复杂。以三峡库区麻柳林滑坡为例，基于野外调查、钻探编录、深部位移监测以及数值模拟等手段，分析了库水位波动和降雨作用下滑坡变形特征及演化规律。结果表明:麻柳林滑坡在粉质黏土层和块石层交界处发育一个次级滑带，目前该滑坡主要沿次级滑带运动，导致次级滑动的原因与坡体物质的差异性有关；Si(Sf)指标分析法揭示滑坡的滑带还未完全破坏，滑坡仍处于蠕变状态；根据三峡水库水位调度规律，将一个完整水文年划分为6个阶段，数值模拟结果表明滑坡在库水位缓慢下降阶段变形速率较小、在快速下降阶段和低水位阶段变形速率持续增大、在快速上升阶段和缓慢上升阶段以及高水位阶段变形速率则保持平稳。其中，降雨的直接影响和降雨导致库水位波动进而对滑坡变形造成的间接影响，使得麻柳林滑坡在低水位阶段的变形显著增加、稳定性最差，应加强该时段内滑坡的监测和预警。 相似文献
19.
动水驱动型顺层岩质滑坡数量多、灾害频发、危害大, 是滑坡地质灾害领域的研究重点, 但目前对于滑坡启滑机制的认识仍不充分, 滑坡的准确预报还面临巨大挑战。鉴于此, 以含软弱夹层的中倾角顺层岩质滑坡为研究对象, 通过构建理想的单层滑带滑坡物理模型, 开展了一系列动水作用下的滑坡模型试验研究。结果表明, 动水作用下顺层岩质滑坡从开始变形至失稳滑动需经历初始变形、缓慢变形、加速变形和失稳破坏4个阶段, 而各个阶段的演化特征与滑面粗糙度和倾角密切相关。滑面倾角越大或粗糙度越小, 滑坡体从开始变形至失稳滑动所需的时间则越短; 相应地, 坡体加速变形阶段越不明显, 滑坡破坏的突发性越强。滑带内的渗流冲蚀作用会使滑带土中的骨料流失, 导致其抗剪强度降低, 进而引发坡体滑动。与此同时, 上覆坡体的压剪作用以及变形演化过程亦将反过来影响冲蚀强度。基于滑带土黏聚力随水力梯度和冲蚀时间的变化关系, 提出了渗流驱动下滑带土黏聚力演化模型, 可较好地描述滑带土黏聚力的退化过程。滑面粗糙度的存在不仅显著影响了滑带的冲蚀劣化规律, 还改变了滑带不同区域的破坏模式。此外, 通过考虑滑面粗糙度对滑带不同区域破坏模式的影响, 开展了动水多效应关联分析, 建立了滑坡地质体力学分析模型, 实现了动水作用下顺层岩质滑坡动态稳定性的有效评估。本研究成果可为实际动水驱动型顺层岩质滑坡的预测和防治提供理论参考。 相似文献
20.
Dynamic assessment of rainfall-induced shallow landslide hazard 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The assessment of rainfall-induced shallow landslide hazards is a significant issue in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in China due to the rapid development of land in the past two decades. In this study, a probabilistic analysis method that combines TRIGRS and the point-estimate method for evaluating the hazards of shallow landslides have been proposed under the condition of rainfall over a large area. TRIGRS provides the transient infiltration model to analyze the pore water pressure during a rainfall. The point-estimate method is used to analyze the uncertainty of the soil parameters, which is performed in the geographic information system (GIS). In this paper, we use this method to evaluate the hazards of shallow landslides in Badong County, Three Gorges Reservoir, under two different types of rainfall intensity, and the results are compared with the field investigation. The results showed that the distribution of the hazard map is consistent with the observed landslides. To some extent, the distribution of the hazard map reflects the spatial and temporal distribution of the shallow landslide caused by rainfall. 相似文献