共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 531 毫秒
1.
Risk assessment of heavy metals in topsoil along the banks of theYangtze River in Huangshi,China 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 High concentrations of heavy metal in farmland threatens food production and human health. Our study assesses soil quality and the distribution of Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni, to identify possible sources of heavy metals along the banks of the Yangtze River in Huangshi. Heavy metal concentrations of 22 topsoil samples were measured using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instrument and data was analyzed by multivariate statistic approaches. Heavy metal contamination risk assessment was performed using a combination of the Nemerow multi-factor index method, the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method and the Muller index of geo-accumulation method. These methods determined similar results indicating that cadmium (Cd) poses a health risk to residents at the study site while Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni do not. The Nemerow multi-factor index method demonstrated that 18 samples were heavily polluted, three moderately polluted and one lightly polluted. The Muller index of geo-accumulation method found ten samples were moderately to strongly polluted by Cd, five were moderately polluted, six were lightly to moderately polluted and one was lightly polluted. The Hakanson potential ecological risk index method proved six samples were strongly polluted, seven were moderately polluted and nine were lightly polluted. Since our sampling sites were all in agricultural lands, we recommend the potential ecological risk index method as the most effective given it not only considers the range of pollutants contributing to soil pollution but factors in heavy metals toxicity. We are apt that the source of the high concentrations of Cd found in topsoil is derived from alluvial sediments upstream of the Yangtze River with a high percentage of residual speciation and a low percentage of exchangeable speciation distribution of Cd. This in turns indicates that a high concentration of Cd in soil had little impact on the natural environment. However, 31.9% of the iron-manganese oxides bound speciation indicating that such levels of Cd in soil would be potentially hazardous to the crops, particularly if exposed to a reductive condition. 相似文献
2.
R. Fatemitalab M. Zare S. Kardar 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(5):1229-1234
Heavy metals toxicity is a significant problem for ecological, evolutionary, nutritional and environmental reasons. This study was carried out to evaluate the amount of cadmium, zinc and lead absorption in leaf and root of pine, cypress, plantain and ash in Isfahan, Iran, in 2013. For this purpose, three heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) and three sites (heavy traffic, moderate traffic and control) were chosen based on their effects on human health. The results indicated that the highest and lowest lead and cadmium concentrations belonged to heavy traffic site and control site, respectively. Cd in leaf versus Pb in leaf and Cd in root versus Pb in root had the highest correlation coefficient among the traits indicating positive influence of leaf and root on absorbing Cd and Pb from soil, water and air. In all the studied species, the concentration of Pb was higher than that of Cd and Zn. This was certainty due to the vehicle traffic emitting much more lead than cadmium and zinc. In all the studied species, metal concentration in leaves was higher than in roots, which may be due to high concentration of heavy metals in air than in soil. In this study, Pinus eldarica Medw. tree was found to be the best species to monitor polluted sites in Isfahan city. 相似文献
3.
岩溶铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染特征 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以DX、DW铅锌矿区土壤为研究对象,利用原子吸收光谱法（AA800）、原子荧光光谱法（AF-640）测定土壤中铅、铬、镉、铜、锌、镍、汞和砷等重金属的含量,利用单因子污染指数法、N.L.Nemerow综合污染指数法对比分析土壤中重金属的污染特征,采用PCC统计学方法分析矿区土壤中重金属之间的相关性。结果表明:两矿区土壤中除Cu、Cr外,其余重金属均已对土壤造成单一或复合污染,其中Cd污染最为严重,对综合污染贡献最大。DX、DW矿区土壤重金属的Nemerow指数分别为27.61、63.54,均达到极强污染水平,且DW矿区污染较为严重。DX矿区,除Ni外,Pb、Cr等7种重金属元素之间存相关性;DW矿区,除Cr外,Pb、Ni等7种重金属元素之间存相关性,这可能与二矿区均属多金属伴生、共生矿床有关;土壤中各重金属总含量与pH值没有显著的相关性。研究结果将为合理制定矿区土壤污染的修复和治理措施提供依据。 相似文献
4.
Heavy metals pollution in the soil of an irregular urban settlement built on a former dumpsite in the city of Tijuana, Mexico 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Eustorgio C. Nava-Martínez Enrique Flores-García Heriberto Espinoza-Gomez Fernando T. Wakida 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(4):1239-1245
The aim of this study was to evaluate soil pollution by heavy metals in an irregular settlement built on a dumpsite. The soil
samples were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Ni. None of the concentrations found for the heavy metals analyzed were higher
than the established Mexican official standards for contaminated soils. The mean concentrations found for the analyzed metals
were as follows: 1.4 mg kg−1 for Cd, 4.7 in mg kg−1 for Cr, 304 mg kg−1 for Cu, 74 mg kg−1 for Pb and 6 mg kg−1 for Ni. The results of the geoacummulation index values show that the site was very polluted with Cu and Pb (class 7), polluted
to strongly polluted with Ni (class 4); moderately polluted to polluted with Cd (class 3), and moderately polluted with Cr
(class 1). The correlation analysis shows a high correlation between Pb and Cu (r
2 = 0.98), which would be explained if the main source of the polluting heavy metals was the result of electrical wire burning
to recover Copper. Principal component analysis shows three principal components. The first main component (PC1) encompasses
Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu. These heavy metals most likely have their origins from the open burning of municipal solid waste, tires
and wire. The other two components are encompassed by Cr (PC2) and Ni (PC3). The sources of these pollutants are more likely
related to the corrosion of junk metal objects and automobile use. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,90(3):157-165
A study was initiated to analyse metal flows from alum shale to the environment in an area in Öland, Sweden. The study was performed by elemental analysis and leaching experiments of alum shale together with analysis of groundwater and surface water samples.The metal concentrations in non-weathered alum shale were much higher than in weathered or burnt shale, especially for cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn), indicating a loss of metals during weathering or burning of the shale. The release of metals through weathering was clearly demonstrated by the leaching tests. A 36-week leaching period of non-weathered shale resulted in a drastic drop in pH and a significant increase in metal concentrations in the leachate. The metal concentrations in groundwater were inversely related to the pH. For surface waters, the concentrations of Cd, copper (Cu), Ni and Zn were generally increased compared to background values.In conclusion, metals are released through weathering or burning of alum shale, as well as from heaps of weathered or burnt shale. The release of metals is strongly related to low pH, especially for Cd, Ni and Zn. 相似文献
6.
Pu Wanqiu Sun Jiaqi Zhang Fangfang Wen Xingyue Liu Wenhu Huang Chengmin 《中国地球化学学报》2019,38(5):753-773
Metallic ore mining causes heavy metal pollution worldwide. However, the fate of heavy metals in agrosystems with long-term contamination has been poorly studied. Dongchuan District (Yunnan, southwest China), located at the middle reaches of the Xiaojiang River, is a well-known 2000-year-old copper mining site. In this work, a survey on soil heavy metal contents was conducted using a handheld X-ray fluorescence instrument to understand the general contamination of heavy metals in the Xiaojiang River Basin. Furthermore, river water, soil, and rice samples at six sites along the fluvial/alluvial fans of the river were collected and analyzed to implement an environmental assessment and an evaluation of irrigated agrosystem. V, Zn, and Cu soil levels (1724, 1047, and 696 mg·kg−1, respectively) far exceeded background levels. The geo-accumulation indexes (Igeo) showed that cultivated soils near the mining sites were polluted by Cd and Cu, followed by Zn, V, Pb, Cr, Ni, and U. The pollution index (Pi) indicated that rice in the area was heavily polluted with Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu. The difference in orders of metal concentrations between the soil and rice heavy metal contamination was related to the proportion of bioavailable heavy metals in the soil. The crop consumption risk assessment showed that the hazard quotient exceeded the safe threshold, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk to consumers. The Nemerow integrated pollution index and health index indicated that the middle of the river (near the mining area) was the heaviest polluted site.
相似文献7.
基于吉林省中部黑土区地球化学调查数据,分析统计As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn 6种可造成重金属污染的元素在土壤--作物系统中的生态地球化学特征。通过吉林省部分地区土壤样品与玉米籽实样品采样,采用元素有效系数与元素累积系数的方法,计算出采样点的土壤重金属元素全量、有效量和玉米籽实含量特征,从而研究重金属元素生态地球化学特征。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤重金属元素全量虽然较吉林省土壤元素背景值增加明显,但土壤与玉米籽实均未达到污染状态。(2)重金属元素有效系数均值由小到大依次为As Cr Zn Cu Ni Cd,在研究区的空间分布差异性较大;玉米籽实积累系数均值由小到大依次为Cr As Ni Cd Cu Zn,在的空间分布差异性相对较小。(3)吉林省中部黑土区的玉米籽实重金属元素积累程度均较低,在未发生土壤重金属元素污染的清洁土壤中,Cu与Zn对于玉米植株来说,属于必需营养元素范畴;重金属元素中Cd的有效系数大,作物可食部分积累程度较高,应注意其预防与治理工作; As与Cr的有效系数较小,可能是导致其在玉米籽实中积累程度较低的主要影响因素之一; Ni在土壤中有效态转化程度较高,玉米籽实Ni吸收量相对较低。(4)多数重金属元素在玉米籽实中的累积程度与其在土壤中的有效系数呈正相关关系。 相似文献
8.
T. Thangaradjou Pon Subhashini S. Raja E. Dilipan E. P. Nobi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1135-1146
Surface sediments of nine islands of Lakshadweep were evaluated for their heavy metal concentration (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). Sediments of thirteen seagrass and seven non seagrass sites were collected randomly and analysed for heavy metal concentration using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. Heavy metals like Cu, Ni and Zn were found in higher concentrations in the seagrass sediments, whereas other heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn and Pb were higher in non seagrass sediments. Different pollution indices were calculated to evaluate contamination level of all heavy metals in the sediments. Cadmium recorded higher contamination factor (1.733–21.067), enrichment factor (276.10–12,270) and Geo-accumulation Index (0.208–3.811) both in seagrass and nonseagrass sediments. Multivariate statistical analysis such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis coupled together with correlation co-efficient was used to identify the possible sources of heavy metal pollution in the region. Average concentrations of Cd in Lakshadweep islands were slightly higher than effective range, low but still below effective range medium. All other metals were still below these ranges indicating fairly uncontaminated sediment in the region. 相似文献
9.
为评价某城市规划新区表层土壤质量,利用网格法采集表层土样1000件,分析8种重金属(Cd、 Cu、 Zn、 Ni、Cr、Pb、Hg、As)元素的含量,并分别运用污染负荷指数(PLI)和潜在生态危害指数(RI)评价研究区表层土壤中重金属的污染程度和危害等级。利用克里金插值法研究土壤PLI和RI的空间分布特征。结果表明:研究区内表层土壤重金属平均值均大于中国土壤背景值,Cd、Cu、Ni较为富集。研究区Cd和Cu元素为重度污染,Cd的生态危害性较强,87.90%的土样为重金属轻微污染,60.83%的土样为中等生态危害。污染较为严重和风险较强的地区主要位于研究区西南部河流两岸,Cu和Cd可能受到了人类活动的影响而偏高。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
Chukwujindu M. A. Iwegbue 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(11):4567-4585
The concentrations of metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were determined in soils under different land use types in an urban environment in order to study the impact of land uses on the concentrations of metals in the soils. The mean concentration range of metals for all land use types were 42.1 to 410, 11.2 to 118.2, 4388.2 to 31891.1, 9.7 to 65.4, 0.1 to 1.8, 4.7 to 35.2, 2.0 to 16.8 and 77.9 to 881.7 mg/kg, for Mn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn, respectively. The computed multiple pollution index (MPI) indicated that 67 % of the examined sites had MPI values between 1 and 20 i.e. at the pollution range, while 33 % of sites had MPI values of zero which indicated that these sites were not polluted with the studied metals. Zinc had the highest impact on the multiple pollution index values. Three main principal components were identified from the principal component analysis which include (i) Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni originating from both industrial and agricultural sources, and as well as automobile exhausts; (ii) Fe and Mn which originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources; (iii) Cd which its anthropogenic origin is different from components I and II. This study provided information on the sources of metals in the urban environment and extent of contamination associated with each land use, which are useful in the ranking of contaminated sites, environmental quality management, environmental forensic studies and guidance for remediation/redevelopment of contaminated land. 相似文献
13.
Assessment of heavy metals in sediments near Hazira industrial zone at Tapti River estuary, Surat, India 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Bhavna A. Shah Ajay V. Shah Chirag B. Mistry Alok J. Navik 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(7):2365-2376
Heavy metal accumulation due to industrial activities has become a very sensitive issue for the survival of the aquatic life. Therefore, distributions of several heavy metals have been studied in the surface sediments of Tapti–Hazira estuary, Surat, to assess the impact of anthropogenic and industrial activities near estuary. Totally 60 sediment samples were collected from four different sites at Tapti–Hazira estuary, Surat from January 2011 to May 2011 and examined for metal contents. The average heavy metal load in the study area are found to be 43.28–77.74 mg/kg for Pb, 48.26–72.40 mg/kg for Cr, 117.47–178.80 mg/kg for Zn, 71.13–107.82 mg/kg for Ni, 123.17–170.52 mg/kg for Cu, 0.74–1.25 mg/kg for Cd, 14.73–21.69 mg/kg for Co. Calculated enrichment factors (EF) reveal that enrichment of Pb and Cd is moderate at all sites, whereas other metals Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, and Cu show significant to very high enrichment. Geo-accumulation index (I geo) results revealed that the study area is nil to moderately contaminated with respect to Cd, moderately to highly polluted with respect to Pb, Zn, and Cu and high to very highly polluted with respect to Co and Cr. 相似文献
14.
H. Taghipour M. Mosaferi F. Armanfar S. J. Gaemmagami 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(2):243-250
Soil pollution in agricultural areas surrounding big cities is a major environmental problem. Tabriz is the largest city in the northwest of Iran and the fourth largest city in the country. Soil samples were taken from 46 sites in the suburbs of the Tabriz city, and separate samples were taken from control site and analyzed. The results indicated that the mean pH value of the soil samples was 9.29, while the mean EC value was 354.33 μs/cm and the amount of TOC and TOM was 0.99 and 1.7 %, respectively. The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn in the soil were determined to be 1.61, 10.56, 101.25, 87.40, 38.73, and 98.27 mg/kg, respectively (dry weight). The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Zn), with the exception of Ni, were higher than the concentrations of the same heavy metals at the control site. Despite these elevated concentrations, the concentrations of heavy metals were lower than the toxicity threshold limit of agricultural soils. The values of the pollution index revealed that the metal pollution level was Pb > Cr > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni, and the mean value of the integrated pollution index was determined to be 1.81, indicating moderate pollution. Nevertheless, there were some sites that were severely polluted by Cr (maximum values of 1,364 mg/kg). It was concluded that city probably has affected the surrounding agricultural area. Application of wastewater (municipal and industrial) as irrigation water, using of sludge as soil fertilizer, and atmospheric perceptions have been considered as main reasons of increased heavy metals concentrations found in the studied area. 相似文献
15.
Among environmental contaminants, heavy metals are currently considered to be some of the most toxic ones present worldwide due to their harmful effects on organisms and ability to bioaccumulate in aquatic systems. In this work, the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Cr) in Brachidontes rodriguezii and in the fine sediments of several coastal sites at the southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina is analyzed. The Bahía Blanca Estuary and Pehuen-Có beach are located in a highly complex oceanographic and ecological regional system, which creates the basis of one of the most valuable Argentinean habitats for fishing commercial species. An assessment, which involved analyzing distribution pattern of trace metals, comparative studies with sediment and ecological quality guidelines; and a sequential and integrated index analyses approach (containing Metal Pollution Index, Biosediment Accumulation Factor, Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Pollution Load Index and the mean Probable Effect Level quotients), was followed to estimate enrichment and risks of heavy metals in the sediments and in the mussels from these study areas. The results showed higher concentrations of some heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Cr and Ni) in mussels collected at Pehuen-Có, while no spatial differences in sediments were observed. According to the international environmental regulations, mean values of trace metals in mussels allowed to place both sites between “unpolluted and moderately polluted” and between the “low and medium category” of pollution. Furthermore, the mean concentrations found were within the detected ranges in other coastal sites worldwide. 相似文献
16.
Application of chemometric methods to analyze the distribution and chemical fraction patterns of metals in sediment from a metropolitan river 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
Rivers in metropolitan areas are often highly polluted with materials that pose a threat to a large number of residents. Human
influences lead to contaminants in metropolitan rivers having more complex sources than those in rural rivers. This complexity
results in contamination that is unstable and rapidly changing. Here, the contents and chemical fractionation patterns of
eleven toxic elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Y, and Hg) were evaluated in 13 samples collected from along the
Beiyunhe River in Beijing, China. The results revealed that the metal contents were unevenly distributed along the river,
with higher levels being observed in the downriver sites and the rendezvous sites. Additionally, more than 80% of the metals
were found to be in the residual phase. The organic and sulfide phases were the most important extractable phases of most
metals, with Ni, Co, Cu, and Cr primarily being associated with these phases and As, Cd, and Zn having a strong association
with the iron/manganese oxide and hydroxide phases. Additionally, Mn was associated with the exchangeable and carbonate phases,
with the lowest concentrations being observed in the organic and sulfide phases. Conversely, the metal exchangeable and carbonate
phases were uniformly distributed throughout the river. Analysis of the metal sources revealed that particles input from the
atmosphere comprised a considerable amount of the metals in the Beiyunhe River. However, these metals likely do not enter
the sediment via atmospheric deposition directly, but rather through rainwater runoff into the river. The methods used in
the present study will be useful in other studies that require analysis of complex data. 相似文献
17.
The charged sites on soil particles are important for the retention/adsorption of metals. Metallic counterions can neutralize
the intrinsic charges on the surfaces of soil particles by forming complexes. In this study, efforts have been made to determine
the effect of surface potential, pH, and ionic strength on the adsorption of four metal ions, hexavalent chromium Cr(VI),
trivalent chromium Cr(III), nickel Ni(II) and cadmium Cd(II), in glacial till soil. Batch tests were performed to determine
the effect of pH (2–12) and ionic strength (0.001–0.1 M KCl) on zeta potential of the glacial till soil. The point of zero
charge (pH
PZC
) of glacial till was found to be 7.0±2.5. Surface charge experiments revealed the high buffering capacity of the glacial
till. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted at natural pH (8.2) using various concentrations of selected metals. The
adsorption data was described by the Freundlich adsorption model. Overall glacial till shows lower adsorption affinity to
Cr(VI) as compared to cationic metals, Cr(III), Ni(II) and Cd(II). 相似文献
18.
Water, soil, suspended load and biomass samples were collected from a sewage and sludge treated lake (Lake Dalavayi) around Mysore, Karnataka, India. The polluted lake water is mainly used for irrigation and domestic purposes. The samples have been analysed for heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni, Fe, Mn, V, Zn, Sr) and cations (Ca, Na, Mg) by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (ICP) model Labtam 8500. With the exception of water, all the matrices suspended particulate matter, lake bed sediment and biomass of the lake show high concentrations of heavy metals and cations when compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard, indicating metal toxicity in this lake. Additional inputs of soaps and detergents carried by sewage water are causing the eutrophication of the lake. Elevated levels of heavy metal toxicity, especially Co and Cd, are indicated by the bioindicator Eichornia cressepes (water hyacinth), which, using these metals as micronutrients, has grown luxuriously over the lake water, further augmenting the death of lifeforms in the lake. 相似文献
19.
Fine sludges were collected from five filtration plants, and the partitioning of ten metals (Ag, Cd, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Sn, Co, Ni, and Fe) in them was determined by selective leaching techniques. (1) The available amounts, which shows the total of each metal leached between 1 M CH3COONH4 and 30 percent H2O2, for Ag, Cd and Mn, ranged from 51 to 98 percent for five sludges. (2) The available amounts for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Sn were 47–92 percent for five sludges. (3) The most important fraction for Co, Ni, and Fe, except the Inagawa sludge, which is markedly polluted by organic matter, was the crystalline particle. Therefore, the above metals, except Co, Ni, and Fe, are thought to be enriched on ion-exchangeable sites, organic matter, hydrous Fe/Mn oxides, and sulfides in fine sludges. 相似文献
20.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
R. Vinodhini M.Sc. M.Phil. M. Narayanan M.Sc. Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(2):179-182
The objective of the present study is to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in various organs of the fresh water fish exposed to heavy metal contaminated water system. The experimental fish was exposed to Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb at sublethal concentrations for periods of 32 days. The elements Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr were assayed using Shimadzu AA 6200 atomic absorption spectrophotometery and the results were given as μ/g dry wt. The accumulation of heavy metal gradually increases in liver during the heavy metal exposure period. All the results were statistically significant at p < 0.001. The order of heavy metal accumulation in the gills and liver was Cd > Pb > Ni > Cr and Pb > Cd > Ni > Cr. Similarly, in case of kidney and flesh tissues, the order was Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni and Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni. In all heavy metals, the bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium proportion was significantly increased in the tissues of Cyprinus carpio (Common carp). 相似文献