共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
《海洋科学集刊》2016,(0)
中尺度涡在大洋中普遍存在,研究发现,其能量比大尺度海洋环流的能量大一个量级,在海洋物质能量输运和全球气候变化中起着重要作用。受观测条件限制,目前对中尺度涡的观测主要通过卫星高度计实现,只能从海面高度来推算中尺度涡大小、分布、强度及其伴随的水体和能量输送,而卫星高度计对中尺度涡垂直结构特征认识不足,也导致了对中尺度涡所引起的上层海洋能量、热量输送估计误差偏大。目前,对中尺度涡三维结构观测认识不足,展望未来将会出现基于无人船平台的大洋中尺度涡三维结构自动观测系统,该平台将集成自动水下剖面观测功能等先进技术,以便观测中尺度涡的垂直结构特征及其时空变化特征,进而系统地认识中尺度涡带来的物质和能量输送。 相似文献
2.
南海上层中尺度涡统一三维结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于归一化合成分析的方法,利用卫星高度计资料和CTD观测资料,在满足静力平衡和地转平衡条件的假设下研究了南海中尺度涡的三维结构,给出了南海中尺度涡归一化之后的三维结构,并与全球大洋中尺度涡统一的三维结构进行对比。结果显示,在1.5倍涡旋半径以外,南海中尺度涡水平结构的收敛速度大约为全球大洋中尺度涡水平结构收敛速度的2.5倍,前者比后者的影响范围要小约1.5倍涡旋半径。由于数据原因,我们仅合成了南海0至800m水深中尺度涡的垂直结构,从垂直结构的合成结果来看,由于受到背景层结和科氏参数的影响,南海与全球大洋各海区中尺度涡的垂直结构具有明显的不同,随着深度的增加,南海中尺度涡垂直结构的衰减速度明显更快。 相似文献
3.
4.
作为重要的海洋中尺度现象之一,中尺度涡的研究受到人们的关注和重视。随着数值模式的进一步发展、卫星资料的累积、时间更长以及更多更有效的海上实测数据的取得,使得综合利用实测资料、卫星遥感资料、再分析/数值预报产品等数据源,对中尺度涡进行自动识别与三维结构分析成为中尺度涡研究的主要方向之一。在前期对卫星遥感资料中尺度涡自动检测算法进行研究的基础上,开展多源资料中尺度涡三维结构分析方法研究,以表面漂流浮标运动轨迹为中尺度涡的判定依据,综合利用高度计观测、红外遥感观测、以及再分析/数值预报产品分析中尺度涡三维结构信息,在此基础上,提出中尺度涡研究的发展方向,为全面分析中尺度涡的时空特性提供技术途径,为中尺度涡的动力机制研究奠定基础。 相似文献
5.
为深入研究太平洋中尺度涡的三维结构特征,解决常规一维剖面和二维平面图对温盐空间分布规律分析不足的弊端,文章在三维结构合成分析的基础上首次引入Voxler平台,建立太平洋中尺度涡温盐要素的三维数据模型,实现太平洋中尺度涡三维结构的可视化表达,利用历史观测数据合成的太平洋中尺度涡三维结构,对温盐结构特征进行直观的全空间三维分析。研究结果表明:太平洋反气旋涡温度异常的主体结构深度约200m,呈鹅卵石状,涡旋结构可维持到1 000m;盐度异常的主体结构深度约300m,呈水平扁平水滴状,涡旋结构仅维持约800m;与盐度异常的三维结构相比,温度异常结构较复杂,且涡旋结构更明显,到达深度也更深,即温度受中尺度涡的影响更显著。 相似文献
6.
南海深层环流作为印太海域热盐环流的重要组成部分,研究其时间变异特征对于深入认识印太海域大洋环流具有重要意义。中尺度涡作为南海极为活跃的动力过程,有观测显示其影响深度可超过2000m。结合海表面高度计资料与潜标观测资料,识别南海区域中尺度涡,并分析了中尺度涡对深层流场以及温度场的影响。针对三个中尺度涡的潜标实测结果表明:在涡旋经过时,海洋深层流动有明显的变异,表现在速度、温度方面,速度增加量能达到5.5cm/s,温度变异可达到0.02℃。涡旋经过时,海洋上层、深层流向呈相反态势,第一斜压模动能显著增强。 相似文献
7.
借助卫星高度计数据,对中尺度涡进行识别和追踪;以16年内中尺度涡个数上的生消为判据,发现中尺度涡在除赤道外的全球大洋中生消频繁,但在海盆内区并没有明显的生成占优区或消亡占优区;而在中纬度近岸的狭窄东边界内中尺度涡生成居多,在另一侧近岸的狭窄西边界中尺度涡消亡居多。同时,我们以一阶斜压模态所对应的特征深度作为两层结构的内界面深度,并假定涡动能平均分配于正压模态和一阶斜压模态,计算得到了包含涡动能和涡有效重力位能的中尺度涡能量年平均净生成率和净耗散率,发现虽然海盆西边界是涡场能量耗散大于能量生成的区域,但强耗散过程实际上在海盆西侧内区的强流及其回流区均有发生。另外,中尺度涡生消个数差值的分布与中尺度涡能量净生成率和净耗散率的分布表明,虽然海盆东边界近岸区域内中尺度涡的生成居多,但该区域中尺度涡的能量偏弱,因此该区并非涡场能量的主要源区。 相似文献
8.
9.
以西太平洋海域 2 个中尺度涡为例,利用 AVISO 卫星高度计观测的海平面高度异常(Sea Level Anomaly,SLA)数据、HYCOM 模式的温度、盐度数据及水下滑翔机实测数据,分析了 Ocean Data View 软件(ODV)在实现该区域中尺度涡运动特征规律研究的实用性,探讨了中尺度涡分析处理的关键技术和方法。 结果表明：利用 ODV 软件能够快速绘制海平面高度异常值和海表面流速的平面图,进而准确判别中尺度涡类型、追踪中尺度涡在海表面的水平空间尺度及演化特征;也可绘制任意航迹温、盐深断面图用于分析中尺度涡的垂直结构和判别涡结构类型;同时 ODV 软件也提供了垂直涡结构实测数据与模式数据对比分析模式,为中尺度涡研究提供强有力的分析工具和技术支撑方法。 相似文献
10.
中尺度涡旋是海洋中典型的中尺度现象，是海洋中能量传递的运输者，中尺度涡识别与提取是物理海洋学研究的重要内容之一，而中尺度涡自动发现算法是最基础的用于寻找与分析中尺度涡的工具。中尺度涡旋探测工作的数据来源主要为卫星高度计数据融合出的SLA数据，该数据可以客观的描述海洋表层高度状态。中尺度涡表示为SLA闭合等值线所包围的局部等值区域，涡旋识别需要从SLA数据中提取出稳定的闭合等值线结构。针对基于SLA数据中的中尺度涡探测的特点，本文提出了一种新的基于聚类方法的中尺度涡自动识别算法，通过对SLA数据集的分割与筛选将中尺度涡区域与背景区域分离，后建立区域内联系并将其映射到SLA地图上来提取中尺度涡结构。本文算法解决了传统探测算法中参数设定的敏感性问题，不需要进行稳定性测试，算法适应性增强。算法中加入了涡旋筛选机制，保证了结果的涡旋结构的稳定性，提高了识别准确率。在此基础上，本文选取了西北太平洋及中国南海地区进行了中尺度涡探测实验，实验结果展示出了本文算法在较传统算法提高算法效率的同时，也保持着较高的算法稳定性，可以在稳定识别各个单涡结构的同时识别稳定的多涡结构。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
13.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
14.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
20.