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1.
According to the fact that the Xinfengjiang reservoir earthquakes are caused mainly by water seepage, this paper using the
data ofM
s⩾2. 0 earthquakes, studies the hydraulic diffusivity of the mainshock zone by the expansion of the distribution area of epicenters.
It is indicated thatin-situ hydraulic diffusivity during the preshock activity of the Xinfengjiang reservoir region was about 6. 2 m2/s. However, after the main shock, thein-situ hydraulic diffusivity in the main shock region increased by fifty percent, that is to say, to 9. 7 m2/s. During the long period after main shock occurrence thein-situ hydraulic diffusivity was affected by significant anisotropy of the medium and fluctuation of water level. No regularity
can be found. In addition, we compare the diffusivity found by experiment with rock samples collected with thein-situ hydraulic diffusivity estimated. It is shown that the diffusivity of rock samples with fractures is about the same as the
diffusivity estimatedin-situ. However, the diffusivity of whole rock samples is 3 orders of magnitudes smaller than that estimatedin-situ. Finally, we discuss the limits on the method by the expansion of distribution area of epicenters in the study of reservoir
induced seismicity.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 364–371, 1991.
This subject is sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献
2.
本文根据新丰江水库地震的主要成因是水渗透的结果,采用了地震活动的震中分布面积扩散法,利用新丰江水库蓄水以后 MS2.0的地震资料,研究了主震区的水力扩散率.研究结果表明,在新丰江水库地震活动中的前震活动中,原地水力扩散率基本上稳定在6.2m2/S,而主震发生以后震源区的原地水力扩散率增大约50％,即为9.7m2/S.在主震发生后的较长时间里.原地水力扩散率出现了明显的各向异性及受水位涨落等因素的影响,没有一定的规律可循.本文还用室内岩石渗透实验的结果与原地水力扩散率估计值进行了比较,说明室内含破裂面岩样的渗透率同原地渗透率吻合得较好,而完整岩样的渗透率要比原地渗透率低3个数量级.最后将本文地震活动的震中分布面积扩散法的局限性进行了讨论. 相似文献
3.
广东省新丰江水库蓄水后地震活动性有很大增高,大部分地震发生在大坝附近的深水峡谷区,形成一条北西方向的密集带,震源深度极浅,随后,在蓄水后约二年半于1962年3月19日发生了6.1级强地震。 根据水准测量与地震波波谱资料的分析确定了主震的断层参数;用P波初动振幅确定了主震前后18个月内150次小地震的断层面解,用平滑P波初动图案求得了2000余次小地震的发震应力方向;计算了水库荷载在库基岩体中产生的位移场和应力场;分析了主震及其几个大余震前的地震纵波与横波的速度比变化情况。 结合地震活动性和地质背景初步讨论了新丰江水库地震的诱发机制,认为:水的渗透作用是诱发这次地震的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
5.
引入基于Gassmann方程的流体替换方法,在分析地震波P波速度、波速比与岩石孔隙度和饱和度关系的基础上,应用于珊溪水库地震波速比和P波速度变化特征研究,得到:(1)珊溪水库震中区岩石始终处于接近水饱和的饱水状态,波速比和P波速度"下降-回升"的变化实质上反映了震中区岩石"孔隙度增大(饱和度减小)-饱和度增大"的变化,每一丛地震的波速比由极小值逐渐增大为极大值是由于岩石从不饱和状态变化到饱和状态;(2)根据每一丛地震波速比的变化,计算得到珊溪水库流体扩散率αs=1.06×104 cm2 s-1,该数值与美国南卡罗莱纳水库、巴西Acu水库、广东新丰江水库的流体扩散率基本一致;(3)震源区岩石孔隙度上限值为8.7%~2.0%,该数值与华东勘测设计研究院通过室内岩石物理力学性质试验测定的珊溪水库坝址区新鲜流纹斑岩的孔隙度平均值一致。 相似文献
6.
新丰江水库地震序列的分段研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从新丰江水库地震序列分段、地震序列参数统计、地震序列分段与库水位关系等方面探讨新丰江地区的地震特征.结果表明:①水库地震全序列低b值(≤0.9)时段与大区域地震活动的增强存在一定的相关性,余震活动在一定程度上具有华南地区地震活动“窗口”的作用.②水库地震晚期余震释放阶段55个ML≥3.5级地震分序列研究显示,1975年... 相似文献
7.
在新丰江库区布设一个范围约50 km×40 km、由50个地震临时台站组成的观测台阵,接收来自不同方位的人工震源产生的莫霍界面反射波;台阵中的20个台站和5个区域固定台还对2009年3月至2010年5月发生在库区的地方震进行了观测.本文联合利用人工地震莫霍面反射波走时和天然地震直达波走时,采用连续模型反演技术重建了库区上地壳P波、S波慢度扰动和Vp/Vs扰动分布图像.研究结果表明:新丰江库区东、西部地区上地壳结构存在明显的差异.库区东部地区构造复杂,多条断裂在该区呈交叉状分布.北西向的石角-新港-白田断裂带在库区段内具有复杂的岩性和构造特征,该断裂带在新港至双塘一线可能延伸至地下8 km左右;近北东向的断裂带切割地壳较深.峡谷区及大坝以东附近地区存在上、下贯通的波速比高值区,尤其是大坝以西的深水峡谷区,存在一条顺河走向的陡倾角断层裂隙带,为库水渗透提供了良好通道.库区西部地区为相对稳定构造区,完整坚硬的花岗岩体透水性能较差,受库水渗透影响很小.新丰江水库诱发地震的形成与深部构造环境密切相关.峡谷区及大坝以东附近地区上地壳介质性质呈现明显的横向不均匀性,微震分布在介质物性结构的特定部位,"软"、"硬"交错的介质环境是倾滑正断层型微小震产生的可能原因. 相似文献
8.
Prediction and verification of earthquakes induced by the Xiluodu hydropower station reservoir 
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下载免费PDF全文 Research has been conducted on reservoir-induced earthquakes in China since the Xinfengjiang reservoir-induced earthquakes in the 1960s. Regulations now require the risk of reservoir-induced earthquakes to be evaluated in the pre-research stage of all hydropower projects. Although nearly 40 cases of reservoir-induced earthquakes have been reported in China, analyses comparing the changes in seismic activity following reservoir impoundment with predictions are rare. In this study, we compared seismic activities observed in the reservoir area before and after the impoundment of the Xiluodu hydropower station in terms of the spatial distribution, frequency, and focal depths of the earthquakes, and clarified the correlation between their frequency/timing and reservoir level after impoundment. We then concluded that the seismic events in the head region were karst-type earthquakes, while those in the second segment of the reservoir were tectonic earthquakes. The spatial distribution of the earthquake epicenters and the seismic intensities validated some of the results for the reservoir-induced seismic risk assessment for the Xiluodu hydropower station, indicating that the proposed earthquake triggers and predictive models are reasonable. This study can provide a valuable reference for investigating the mechanism (s) of reservoir-induced earthquakes, revising reservoir-induced earthquake hazard assessment codes, and predicting the hazard zones of reservoir-induced seismicity under similar conditions. 相似文献
9.
A pronounced increase in seismicity started in and around Longtan reservoir, southwestern China after October 1, 2006 when it began the impoundment, and by the end of May 14, 2010, about 3,233 earthquakes with ?0.6?≤?M L?≤?4.2 had been located. This seismicity which occurred in five clusters mainly concentrated in the areas where few earthquakes had occurred before the first filling. There were four water filling periods in the Longtan reservoir, and the observed reservoir-induced seismicity (RIS) shows a strong correlation with the filling cycles. After the first filling, there appears to be an instant undrained response due to an elastic response to the reservoir load in the third and fourth cluster. Then, this seismicity is followed by a delayed, drained response due to pore pressure diffusion, with the seismicity migrating outwards in one or more directions in the second and third filling period. The seismic diffusivity (α s) we estimated is about 4.54?×?105?cm2/s. The activity levels in the five clusters are different due to differences in the structures and permeabilities of the faults. The delayed seismic response to the filling in the third cluster was due to the combined effects of the lack of local fault intersecting the reservoir and lower permeability of the rock. The b value we obtained for reservoir-induced events was significantly different and higher than that of pre-impoundment natural tectonic earthquakes in the Longtan reservoir. The results of relocated earthquakes based on double difference earthquake location algorithm showed that their focal depths were mainly shallower than about 10 km and the distribution of relocated RIS in four clusters had no relation with these intersecting faults in the Longtan reservoir except the fifth cluster. All these characteristics of RIS in the Longtan reservoir indicate that they may relate to the coupled poroelastic response that includes both pore pressure diffusion and an undrained response, but the pore pressure diffusion and the water permeation appear to play a more important role on inducing the earthquakes in Longtan reservoir. 相似文献
10.
We developed an objective method to define the aftershock areas of large earthquakes as a function of time after the main shock. The definition is based upon the amount of energy released by aftershocks, the spatial distribution of the energy release is first determined and is contoured. The 1-day aftershock area is defined by a contour line corresponding to the energy release level of 1015.6 ergs/(100 km2 · day). The 10-day, 100-day and 1-y aftershock areas are similarly defined by contour lines corresponding to 1014.8, 1014.0, and 1013.5 ergs/(100 km2 · day), respectively. We also define the expansion ratios at time t by the ratio of the aftershock area at t to that at 1 day.Using this method we study the aftershock area expansion patterns of 44 large (Ms ? 7.5) and five moderate shallow earthquakes which occurred from 1963 to 1980. Each aftershock sequence is examined at four different times, i.e., 1 day, 10 days, 100 days, and 1 y after the main event. We define the aftershock area expansion ratios η and ηe by , respectively: here S(t) and L(t) are the area and the length of the aftershock area, respectively, at time t. Our study suggests that a distinct regional variation of aftershock area expansion patterns is present; it is strongly correlated with the tectonic environment. In general, the subduction zones of the “Mariana” type have large expansion ratios, and those of the “Chilean” type have small expansion ratios. Some earthquakes that occurred in the areas of complex bathymetry such as aseismic ridges tend to have large expansion ratios.These results can be explained in terms of an asperity model of fault zones in which a fault plane is represented by a distribution of strong spots, called the asperities, and weak zones surrounding the asperities. The rupture immediately after the main shock mostly involves asperities. After the main rupture is completed, the stress change caused by the main shock gradually propagates outward into the surrounding weak zones. This stress propagation manifests itself as expansion of aftershock activity. In this simple picture, if the fault zone is represented by relatively large asperities separated by small weak zones (“Chilean” type), then little expansion of aftershock activity would be expected. On the other hand, if relatively small asperities are sparsely distributed (“Mariana” type), significant expansion occurs. The actual distribution of asperities is likely to be more complex than the two cases described above. However, we would expect that the expansion ratio is in general proportional to the spatial ratio of the total asperity area to the fault area. 相似文献
11.
Clustering the epicenters of Caucasian earthquakes with magnitudes M ≥ 3.0 is carried out, and the epicentral zones of the probable earthquakes with M ≥ 5.0 areas where epicenters of earthquakes with M ≤ 5.0 may occur are recognized by the Fuzzy Clustering and Zoning (FCAZ) algorithmic system developed by the authors at the Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. These zones correspond well to the locations of the epicenters of earthquakes with M ≥ 5.0. The zones recognized in this study are compared with the zones previously recognized by A.D. Gvishiani et al. in 1988 by the Earthquake-Prone Areas Recognition (EPA) technique. The comparison shows that the zones identified by FCAZ are mainly located inside the EPA-zones. The FCAZ-zones are also compared with the zones previously recognized using gravimetric and geological data. The results obtained by different methods closely agree. Contrary to EPA technique FCAZ algorithmic system relies on the DPS algorithm of objective classification that requires only the information about epicenters of the earthquakes in the region under study. 相似文献
12.
Analysis on small-earthquake composite fault plane solutions from 1961 to 1999 in Xinfengjiang reservoir area 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Introduction XFJ reservoir has been about 40 years since its water loading in 1959 and has induced a great number of earthquakes. The largest one was the M = 6.1 earthquake occurred on March 19, 1962. Since then, a large amount of seismologists in our country have made many researches on the in-duced earthquake. In the paper, we have studied XFJ reservoir earthquakes and their relation with water cyclic fluctuation by using the mechanism solutions of small earthquakes occurred in these 40 y… 相似文献
13.
This paper presents a new modelling approach to quantify the hydraulic diffusivity of low-permeability unconsolidated porous media under confined saturated-flow conditions in the laboratory. The derived analytical solution for the transient variation of the hydraulic head after flow interruption was applied to experimental data obtained from continuous measurements of the water pressure at two locations in the soil column. Three soil samples made of a mixture of natural bentonite (at different mass fractions) and medium sand were studied during a series of stepwise constant flow rates of water. The numerical results well fit the experimentally measured decrease of the dimensionless hydraulic head. The study shows that the increase of the mass fraction of bentonite in the soil sample from 10 to 30% is accompanied by a strong decrease of the hydraulic diffusivity from 2.4 × 10−2 to 1.1 × 10−3 m2 s−1, which is clearly due to the decrease of the hydraulic conductivity of the soil sample. The specific storages obtained for each of the three samples are in the same order of magnitude and seem to decrease with the increase of mass fraction of bentonite. However, they clearly reflect the predominant portion of the compressibility of the porous medium compared with that of water. Compared with reported literature values for clayey soils, the specific storage values in this study are slightly higher, varying within the range of 2 × 10−3 to 8.1 × 10−3 m−1.. The experimental results also give insight into the limitations of the modelling approach. In the case of low-permeability soils (K < 2 × 10−6 ms−1) and steady-flow conditions with low Reynolds numbers, for example, Re < 0.003, it is recommended to choose a time duration for flow interruption between subsequent flow rate steps of longer than 5 s. For high-permeability porous media, to increase the precision of the quantified hydraulic diffusivity, it might be useful to select a measuring frequency significantly higher than 1 Hz. 相似文献
14.
Compression wave velocityV p has been measured on 10 representative rock samples from the Early Mesozoic granulite and mafic-ultramafic cumulate xenoliths population from the Harqin area of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (for short Inner Mongolia) as an aid to interpretingin-situ seismic velocity data and investigating velocity variation with depth in a mafic lower crust. The experiments have been carried out at constant confining pressures up to 1 000 MPa and temperatures ranging from 20 to around 1 300°C, using the ultrasonic transmission technique. After corrections for estimatedin situ crustal pressures and temperatures, elastic wave velocities range from 6.5 to 7.4 km·s?1, indicating that they are components of the Early Mesozoic crust-mantle transitional zone. Combining with previous experimental data, we have also reestablished the Early-Mesozoic continental compression velocity profile and compared it with those of the present and of the different tectonic environments in the world. The result shows that it is similar to the velocity pattern of the extensional tectonic area, providing new clues to the Mesozoic continental structure of the North China Craton. 相似文献
15.
广东新丰江地区地震研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
从水库水位变化与地震活动的关系、地震序列统计、地震活动性等方面探讨了广东新丰江地区的地震特征。地震与水库蓄水变化的研究表明,1965年至今该区地震活动的增强与库水位的上升没有明显的线性关系,并且ML≥4.0级地震65％发生在库水位下降或由下降转为平稳波动的过程中,因此,更应关注水库卸荷阶段的地震活动。对于1970年以来该区记录完整的71次ML3.5级以上地震资料研究显示,主余型、多震型和孤立型地震序列所占比例分别为60％、25％和15％;绝大多数序列最大余震均发生在震后30天内。78％的序列三个月内最大余震发生在震后2天内。94％发生在震后10天内：就主余型序列而言,当主震震级较高时最大余震与主震间时间间隔相对较长,主震震级较低时最大余震与主震间时间间隔相对较短：ML4.O级以上地震活动成丛分布明显。 相似文献
16.
利用广东新丰江锡场2012和2013年2次MS4.8地震震中附近的2009年1月至2015年6月精定位小震资料,依据小震丛集发生在大震断层面及附近的原则,采用模拟退火算法和高斯-牛顿算法相结合的方法,反演得到了锡场附近2条相交断层的详细参数及地理分布。NEE向断层F1的走向为78.5°,倾角为87.7°,长度约8.2km,以右旋走滑错动为主;NW向断层F2的走向为137.3°,倾角为87.9°,长度约5.9km,以左旋走滑错动为主。用断层附近ML3以上地震的震源机制解证明反演结果是可靠的,并由2次4.8级地震的震源机制解判断出各自的发震断层。 相似文献
17.
V. B. Smirnov A. V. Ponomarev T. I. Kartseva V. O. Mikhailov R. K. Chadha F. Aidarov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2018,54(4):641-651
The seismological data in the area of induced seismicity in the region of the Nurek reservoir are analyzed. The analysis is based on the developed database for the earthquakes that occurred from 1955 to 1989 and is aimed at finding the regularities in the variations of the parameters of the transitional seismic regime caused by filling a reservoir. These parameters include the b-value—the slope of the graph of the Gutenberg–Richter frequency–magnitude relationship, the fractal dimension d of the set of the epicenters, and fracture cycle parameter q = αb ? d, where coefficient α determines the ratio between the magnitude and source size M = α log l + β. It is shown that during the filling of a reservoir, these parameters undergo statistically reliable variations: at the initial stages, the b-value increases, the fractal dimension of the set of epicenters decreases, and the fracture cycle parameter q grows and becomes positive in the middle of the time interval of reservoir filling. After a reservoir is filled, these parameters recover their background values. The aftershock sequences of the three strongest earthquakes—before, in the beginning, and in the middle of the reservoir filling period—are studied. It is confirmed that the Omori parameter p for the aftershock sequences during filling is smaller than for the earthquake before filling. Based on the dynamics of the studied parameters, it is conjectured that the relaxation time of the transitional seismic regime after the emergence of induced seismicity is about 10 years. 相似文献
18.
新丰江水库地区是近年来东南沿海地震带地震最为活跃的地区, 相继在2012年2月16日、 2013年2月22日发生了ML5.2、 ML5.1地震。 本文利用新丰江水库地区地震序列的分区丛集性, 通过研究各分区1972年以来的11次ML4.5以上显著地震前小震序列, 发现11次地震中有8次震前90天内小震经历了“平静—活跃—平静—发震”的演化过程。 为了将研究成果应用于日常的震情预测工作中, 文中借鉴气象暴雨预警中的蓝—黄—橙—红四色分级预警模式, 提出了适合于小震丛集地区日常震情预测的分级危险度模式, 并利用新丰江锡场和大坝区2011年来的小震目录给出了应用实例。 实践证明此种方法最大的优势是可以给出预测区地震危险性相对的变化, 从而可以对区域的震情演化有一个较好的把握。 相似文献
19.
The Xinfengjiang reservoir in Guangdong Province, is one of the large reservoirs that have triggered earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6. Numerous earthquakes have occurred since the impoundment of the reservoir, making it one of the most active seismic zones in south China. In 2015, a set of deep-hole resistivity anomalies was observed in the Heping geoelectric station in Dongyuan county, located near the Xinfengjiang reservoir. After a field investigation, we found that a planned well drilling construction of new measuring channels was being carried out during that corresponding period of time. After careful comparison and analysis on the basis of the collected raw data, we had a reason to believe that drilling construction, rather than the inducement of the Xinfengjiang reservoir, was the main culprit for those unusual georesistivity values. So as to verify the above conjecture, we constructed a series of 3D finite element models based on the geological and hydrological information around Heping station and analyzed the drilling disturbances, respectively. Some significant conclusions were finally drawn according to the precise numerical simulation. This study gives a good example by combining numerical simulation with engineering practice as a way to understand the root cause of georesistivity anomalies in reality. 相似文献
20.
本文系统地介绍了地震区三角网平差和利用平差结果反演断层参数的随机尝试————动态平差方法.通过新丰江水库5.3级地震区三角测量资料的处理, 进一步阐述如何应用这种方法, 并给出反演5.3级地震断层参数结果:断层走向北东62, 倾向南东, 倾角59, 断层长4.7公里, 上界面深0.45公里, 下界面深4.5公里, 倾向滑距73.4毫米, 走向滑距25.5毫米, 为正断右旋走滑断层, 地震矩 m0=2.01024达因厘米, 应力降=12巴, 释放的应变能下限 E=1.21019尔格.文中依据所得结果, 结合地震机制和构造资料讨论了新丰江水库地震的力源问题, 指出区域应力场是主要力源, 水压应力场是主要的诱发力源。 相似文献