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对于养殖用海集约利用评价,目前国内相关研究还非常缺乏。文章借鉴现阶段耕地集约利用的研究方法,结合养殖用海特征,对养殖用海集约利用内涵进行了界定,从海域利用程度、海域投入强度、海域利用效益、海域利用可持续性4个层面遴选10项指标建立了养殖用海集约利用评价指标体系,并以2016年为数据年份,选取我国9个沿海省、市、自治区进行区域养殖用海集约利用评价分析。结果显示,我国养殖用海集约利用整体处于较低水平,暂无高度集约利用省份,福建、广西、天津、山东等地处于相对集约状态,并从各准则维度进行了细化分析,提出优化利用方向。 相似文献
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文章基于危化品风险源、涉海敏感目标和船舶交通密度3种影响因素综合评价溢油环境风险状况。首先从空间分布和数量特征的视角,提取宁波市海域环境风险影响因子,建立海域环境风险评价方法和指标体系,然后依托GIS空间信息平台实现对宁波近岸海域环境风险空间布局的综合评价。结果表明,宁波慈溪市西北部和镇海区潜在的溢油环境风险极高,对石油泄漏的敏感程度也相对较高,进而表明该区域应列为重点风险管控对象;北仑区和奉化区东南部沿海区域和象山港东部海域,其溢油环境风险为一般水平,说明该区域应列为一般风险管控对象,其潜在的溢油环境风险属于中等敏感程度;而象山县东部及东南部、宁海县南部区域,该海域的潜在环境风险极低,其对溢油敏感程度较低。评价结果可为宁波市海洋环境风险防控及应急响应措施、海域空间资源利用配置等提供科学依据和有效借鉴。 相似文献
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本文旨在针对当前海域节约集约利用的要求下,缺乏低效用海客观评价体系的现状。采用层次分析法和德尔菲专家打分法等技术,在DPSIR框架下,从指标选取、权重设立以及综合评价等方面构建低效用海评价指标体系,并在浙江省普陀区进行应用示范。结果显示,普陀区41个填海项目中,有17个项目评价等级为优,有4个评价等级为良好。等级为一般和较差的项目各10个,占评价项目48.7%。这表明普陀区填海项目中批而未填、填而未建或闲置用海情况较为明显。本研究在指标体系构建和实际应用方面具有创新性和先进性,对于低效用海的节约集约利用具有一定的实际意义和应用价值。 相似文献
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我国海域使用后评价体系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着海洋开发热潮的到来,海洋工程的众多负面影响逐渐显现出来,也暴露了我国海域使用管理方面的缺陷.海域使用后评价作为海域使用论证和环境影响评价的延续和完善,可有效规范涉海工程管理,为今后类似工程建设提供经验和借鉴.因此,开展海域使用后评价体系的研究具有重要的现实意义.但是,目前海域使用后评价的理论和方法体系尚属于发展初期的探索阶段,在借鉴其他领域后评价工作的基础上,本文对建立我国海域使用后评价体系做了初步的研究,将我国海域使用后评价工作分为5个部分:目标评价、效益评价、技术影响评价、环境影响评价和可持续性评价,初步探讨了我国海域使用后评价体系的工作内容和工作流程,并对后评价工作中相关的体制、资金来源等问题提出了一定的建议. 相似文献
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为进一步加强海域使用管理，促进海域开发利用和资源环境的可持续发展，文章建立围填海用海承载指数评价指标体系和评价模型，分析江苏13个县级行政区的围填海用海承载指数及其监测预警情况，并提出建议。研究结果表明:江苏围填海用海承载指数评价指标体系包括资源禀赋、开发利用强度、发展潜力和区域约束4个一级指标以及10个二级指标；江苏13个县级行政区的围填海用海承载指数为-0.46～9.63，呈显著的空间差异，其中中部辐射沙洲区的大丰区、东台市和如东县围填海用海承载条件良好，北部连云港市辖区以及南部南通市的通州区和启东市围填海用海承载条件较差；未来应建立围填海用海承载能力监测预警长效机制、严格实行围填海管控制度、合理调整和优化产业布局以及加强政府和社会的协同监督。 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
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E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
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Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献